Zollernia Wied-Neuw. & Nees

First published in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13(2): xiii (1827)
This genus is accepted
The native range of this genus is N. South America to Brazil.

Descriptions

Vidal de Freitas Mansano, Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi, & Lewis, G. (2004). A Revision of the South American Genus Zollernia Wied-Neuw. & Nees (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Swartzieae). Kew Bulletin, 59(4), 497-520. doi:10.2307/4110905

Type
Type species: Zollernia falcata Wied-Neuw. & Nees. Lectotype chosen by Cowan (1959) = Z. glabra (Spreng.) Yakovlev.
Morphology General Habit
Shrubs or trees
Morphology Leaves
Leaves simple, alternate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent beneath, venation brochidodromous, the margin entire, undulate to serrate; stipules lanceolate to suborbicular; petiole canaliculate
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence a raceme, these sometimes aggregated into fascicles or panicles with peduncles and rachis puberulous, tomentose or sericeous; bracts ciliate, pubescent, puberulous or tomentose; bracteoles attached to the pedicel; buds elliptic, ovoid to oval, asymmetric.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers zygomorphic; hypanthium lacking
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx teeth minute in bud, the 5 small lobes of unequal size at the bud apex, the calyx spathaceous (single-lobed) to bilobed after anthesis, puberulous to tomentose externally
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals 5(- 6), glabrous, 2 clasping the androecium and gynoecium and 3 patent to reflexed and at right angles to the androecium and gynoecium
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens (8 -)10(- 13), in two whorls, generally with 5 stamens in each whorl, uniform, free, filaments glabrous and shorter than the anthers; anthers linear-lanceolate, acute to apiculate, basifixed, glabrous to pilose, with rimose longitudinal dehiscence, pollen spherical, tricolpate, supratectal structures absent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
Ovary stipitate, narrowly-elliptic, glabrous to densely sericeous; style terminal, glabrous to sericeous on the basal portion; stigma punctiform; ovules c. 6 - 11, anatropous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit generally drupoid; seeds of different shapes in the same fruit, the end ones obtusely conic and the central ones compressed and generally discoid, the testa papery; aril and albumen absent.
Distribution
Zollernia is a South American genus, occurring from Venezuela, through Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname to Brazil (where nine of the ten species occur). Zollernia surinamensis is the only species not so far known from Brazil. The species are distributed in Brazil from the Amazon Basin to the state of Santa Catarina in the south.
Ecology
The genus is most common in dense moist forests, but it is also found in savanna (cerrado) and deciduous thorn woodland (caatinga).
[KBu]

Legumes of the World. Edited by G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. MacKinder & M. Lock. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2005)

Habit
Trees and shrubs
Ecology
Tropical Amazonian rain forest and seasonally dry forest, woodland (cerrado) and thorn shrubland (caatinga) on rocky coastal hillsides (restinga)
Distribution
S America (1 sp., Venezuela, Guianas; 9 spp. NE to SE Brazil from Amazon basin south to Santa Catarina State)
Note
Closely related to the following 2 genera based on molecular evidence (Ireland et al., 2000) and forms a group with Uribea (Sophoreae sens. lat.). This and the following 4 genera are members of a well supported Lecointeoid clade (Mansano et al., 2004a), within a broad sophoroid clade possessing the 50 kb inversion (Doyle et al., 1996)

The Swartzieae sens. lat., comprising 17 genera and c. 258 species (Fig. 28), is largely Neotropical and distributed from Mexico to Argentina, and the Caribbean, with Bobgunnia, Cordyla, Mildbraediodendron and Baphiopsis restricted to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Cowan (1981a) included 11 genera in the Swartzieae, then later (Polhill, 1994) transferred four genera from the Sophoreae (Amburana, Ateleia, Cyathostegia and Holocalyx). Bobgunnia (Kirkbride & Wiersema, 1997) and Trischidium (Ireland, submitted) were added subsequently.

The flowers of Swartzieae genera are unusual and varied, and do not totally conform to the typical ‘papilionoid’ structure, resulting in much debate over the systematic placement of the tribe. Disparities with the rest of the family, of some but not all Swartzieae taxa, include a closed calyx in bud, non-papilionaceous corollas (often with a single petal, or these lacking altogether due to complete loss of some petal primordia) and polystemony (often numerous stamens resulting from an innovative developmental feature, the ring meristem) (Tucker, 2003). Although now generally accepted to be papilionoid, the tribe has frequently been shifted between the Papilionoideae and the Caesalpinioideae, and is even recognised by some as a fourth subfamily (De Candolle, 1825; Bartling, 1830; Endlicher, 1840; Corner, 1951).

Research based on pollen (Ferguson & Schrire, 1994), macromorphology (Herendeen, 1995), wood anatomy (Gasson, 1996) and DNA sequences (Doyle et al., 1996; Ireland et al., 2000; Pennington et al., 2001) has shown the Swartzieae to be polyphyletic, with many members of the tribe more closely related to genera in the Sophoreae, Dipterygeae and Dalbergieae than they are to each other (Fig. 28). In a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data (Ireland et al., 2000; Pennington et al., 2001), Swartzia emerges in a monophyletic group with Bobgunnia, Bocoa, Trischidium, Cyathostegia and Ateleia. This group of genera, with the addition of Candolleodendron, are likely to constitute a redefined Swartzieae sens. strict., with the remaining swartzioid genera being moved to other tribes (Fig. 28). Wojciechowski et al. (2004) find moderate support for including Swartzieae sens. strict. in a monophyletic clade together with basally branching genera lacking the 50kb inversion in Sophoreae, and Dipterygeae.

 The reclassification of Swartzieae sens. strict., and realignment of the remaining swartzioid genera in other tribes, needs to be corroborated by further evidence. For the present, Swartzieae sens. lat. is retained in a basally branching position within the Papilionoideae following Polhill (1981a).

[Author’s postscript: Mansano et al. (2004a) recently undertook a molecular-morphological analysis of the Lecointea clade of Herendeen (1995) and found strong support for the inclusion of Harleyodendron and Exostyles within this clade, rather than in the Vataireoid clade as reported here]

"
[LOWO]

Uses

Use
Used as timber; potential as ornamentals
[LOWO]

Sources

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Bulletin

    • Kew Bulletin
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Legumes of the World Online

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0