Linaceae

Linum L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 277 (1753)
This genus is accepted
The native range of this genus is Temp. to Tropical Mountains.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Bahamas, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burundi, Buryatiya, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Russia, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Free State, Føroyar, Galápagos, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Gulf States, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Nicaragua, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northern Provinces, Northwest European Russia, Northwest Territories, Norway, Nunavut, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Extinct in:

Sri Lanka

Introduced into:

Argentina South, Assam, Azores, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Chile South, Dominican Republic, Hawaii, Kamchatka, Nepal, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I., Sakhalin, Thailand, Vietnam

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Accepted Species

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Svetlova, A. (2009). The taxonomic review of the genus Linum L. (Linaceae) of the flora of Russia and adjacent states. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 41: 99-165.

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 135 (1754).
  • Sp. Pl. 1: 277 (1753)

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 135 (1754)
  • Sp. Pl.: 277 (1753)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 1, 1981 [illegible] [2] India K000741756 Unknown Type Material Yes
Aug 1, 1981 s.coll. [s.n.] India K000741755 Unknown Type Material Yes
Porto; Rigo [s.n.] Italy K004198794 Yes
Schneider, C. [3635] China K004202370 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Albania K004198815 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K004198799 Yes
Hendy, C. [107] Yemen K004201950 Yes
s.coll. [1337] Iran K004201797 Yes
Hodgkin, P.L.J.; Synge [24] North Macedonia K004198811 Yes
Davis [43239] Türkiye K004201925 Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 1506] India K000639505 Unknown Type Material Yes
Purdom, W. [106] China K004202353 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [25697] Türkiye K004201902 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [8602] Saudi Arabia K004201948 Yes
Turner, L.V. [534] Greece K004198770 Yes
Zmarzty, S.; Atkins, S. [257] Türkiye K004201881 Yes
Dudley [D34939] Türkiye K004201907 Yes
Davis; Coode [D36420] Türkiye K004201889 Yes
Groves, H. [s.n.] Italy K004198792 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1505] K001113275 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jordan, A. [s.n.] K004201793 Yes
Furse, P. [7317] Iran K004201935 Yes
Hennipman, E.; Nijhoff, P.; Swennen, C.; Tulp, A.S.; Vader, W.J.M.; de Wilde, W.J.J. [2010] Türkiye K004201899 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [657] Bulgaria K004198779 Yes
Dudley [D35991] Türkiye K004201897 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] China K004202369 Yes
Davis [41180] Türkiye K004201920 Yes
Davis [42995] Türkiye K004201924 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] China K004202354 Yes
Dudley [D35567] Türkiye K004201898 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1505] Nepal K001113269 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bulakh, G. [s.n.] Moldova K004198787 Yes
Furse, P. [7461] Iran K004201802 Yes
Friis, I.; Nigatu, L.; Michelsen, A. [6088/A] Ethiopia K004202714 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [564] Iran K004201800 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [41083] Iraq K004201943 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [25687] Türkiye K004201903 Yes
Carter, J.E. [1214] Afghanistan K004201820 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [3104] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198805 Yes
Thompson (Rev.); Thompson, H.P. (Mrs.) [159] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198802 Yes
Olguin, M. [s.n.] Iran K004201812 Yes
s.coll. [8168] China K004202352 Yes
Farges, P.G. [876] China K004202362 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [40600] Iraq K004201933 Yes
s.coll. [2491] Ethiopia K004202713 Yes
Davis; Coode [D36550] Türkiye K004201905 Yes
Harris, G.W. [95] Greece K004198774 Yes
Adamović [s.n.] North Macedonia K004198767 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E. [6611] Ethiopia K004202707 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] K004202350 Yes
Adamović [s.n.] North Macedonia K004198768 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] China K004202358 Yes
St. Kojoucharov [s.n.] Bulgaria K004198764 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] China K004202355 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [2063] Iran K004201795 Yes
Wood, J.R.I. [1734] Yemen K004201955 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004201919 Yes
Olguin [s.n.] Türkiye K004201818 Yes
Ash, J.W. [23] Ethiopia K004202705 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D30845] Türkiye K004201807 Yes
Molloy, T.R. [15] Türkiye K004201911 Yes
Davis [44648] Türkiye K004201921 Yes
Hendy, C. [174] Yemen K004201949 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D30877] Türkiye K004201808 Yes
Davis [47544] Türkiye K004201890 Yes
Khan; Prance; Ratcliffe [445] Türkiye K004201893 Yes
Levier, E. [6] Albania K004198797 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15897] Jordan K004201952 Yes
Davis [46882] Türkiye K004201923 Yes
Porto; Rigo [66] Italy K004198793 Yes
Agnew, A.D.Q.; Timberlake, J.R. [11112] Kenya K000333952 No
de Wilde, J.J.F.E. [6983] Ethiopia K004202708 Yes
Cohen, O.; Cohen, R. [00-9522] Türkiye K004201882 Yes
Faurie [13627] Japan K004202348 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [40606] Iraq K004201942 Yes
Davis [41315] Türkiye K004201929 Yes
Davis [44183] Türkiye K004201922 Yes
Schindler, A.K. [239a] China K004202364 Yes
Pinto, M.J.; et al [s.n.] Portugal K001905278 No
Hennipman, E.; Nijhoff, P.; Swennen, C.; Tulp, A.S.; Vader, W.J.M.; de Wilde, W.J.J. [103] Türkiye K004201900 Yes
Davis [42966] Türkiye K004201885 Yes
[V. Shisbruz] [s.n.] Bulgaria K000074904 Yes
Davis, P.H. [14658] Türkiye K004201918 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E. [7213] Ethiopia K004202711 Yes
Maly, K. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198810 Yes
s.coll. [137/28] K004201917 Yes
Aucher-Eloy [825] Iraq K004201805 Yes
Pichler, T. [s.n.] Iran K004201792 Yes
Purdom, W. [s.n.] China K004202361 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E.; Gilbert, M.G. [189] Ethiopia K004202710 Yes
Stribrny, V. [s.n.] Bulgaria K004198780 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Albania K004198814 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Croatia K004198816 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [2900] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198808 Yes
Hohenacker, R.F. [s.n.] Türkiye K004201804 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15897] Jordan K004201947 Yes
Keck, C.; Pichler, T. [s.n.] Bulgaria K004198763 Yes
Farges, P.G. [876] China K004202363 Yes
Dudley [D35259] Türkiye K004201910 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004201809 Yes
Furse, P. [7116] Iran K004201936 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Croatia K004198817 Yes
Davis [42894] Türkiye K004201891 Yes
Forrest, G. [9979] China K004202365 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [343A] K004198776 Yes
Albury; Cheese; Watson [1395] Türkiye K004201931 Yes
Boissier, E. [s.n.] Italy K004198798 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Kuzmanov, B. [11950] Bulgaria K004198801 Yes
Dudley [D35594] Türkiye K004201908 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [577] K004198777 Yes
Purdom, W. [s.n.] China K004202351 Yes
Davis; Coode [D36991] Türkiye K004201896 Yes
Jacobs, M. [6592] Iran K004201946 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] K004202357 Yes
Sendtner [911] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198806 Yes
Licent, A.E. [7754] China K004202368 Yes
Barclay, C. (Sir) [1640] Türkiye K004201884 Yes
Baldacci, A. [111] Montenegro K004198785 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1505] India K001113270 Unknown Type Material Yes
Stainton, J.D.A. [7700] Greece K004198766 Yes
Cribb, P.; Grey-Wilson, C.; Mwasumbi, L. [11307] Tanzania K004202853 No
{L. J. G. van der Maesen; Maesen-van den Brink; M.J.R. van der} [1810] Iraq K004201939 Yes
de Beck, G. [176] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198809 Yes
Harris, G.W. [276] Greece K004198773 Yes
Rechinger, K.H.; Rechinger, F. [6315] North Macedonia K004198786 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1507] K001113278 Unknown Type Material Yes
Borza, A. [s.n.] Romania K000741697 Unknown Type Material Yes
Janata, A.; Doitsch, A. [s.n.] Ukraine K004198788 Yes
Purdom, W. [106] China K004202356 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1505] K001113273 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cook, C.D.K.; Grubb, P.J.; Newman, E.I.; Whitmore, T.C. [105] North Macedonia K004198812 Yes
Archibald, J.C. [1027] Lebanon K004201937 Yes
Guest, E.R. [2175] Iraq K000741684 Unknown Type Material Yes
Guest, E.R. [2175] Iraq K000741685 Isotype Yes
Guest, E.R. [2175] Iraq K000741683 Isotype Yes
Purdom, W. [s.n.] China K004202366 Yes
Porto; Rigo [s.n.] Italy K004198796 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004198772 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D26750] Türkiye K004201915 Yes
Mrs Sykes [s.n.] Iran K004201811 Yes
Sebsebe, D.; Ensermu, K. [2692] Ethiopia K004202715 Yes
Harris, G.W. [96] Greece K004198775 Yes
Siami; Zehzad [7286] Iran K004201806 Yes
Huter; Porto; Rigo [492] Italy K004198790 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1506] Bangladesh K001113277 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lavranos, J.J. [10500] Somalia K004202717 Yes
Western, A.C. [WH135] Jordan K004201940 Yes
Rigo, G. [406] Italy K004198795 Yes
Dudley [D35589] Türkiye K004201916 Yes
Hodgkin; Synge [24] North Macedonia K004198813 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [1723] Iran K004201796 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1505] K001113274 Unknown Type Material Yes
Groves [s.n.] Italy K004198791 Yes
Coode, M.J.E.; Jones, B.M.G. [620] Türkiye K004201930 Yes
Stribrny, V. [s.n.] Bulgaria K004198783 Yes
Brown, E.S. [2732] Iran K004201813 Yes
Gilbert, E.F. [502] Ethiopia K004202704 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [2054] Iran K004201798 Yes
Gandoger [s.n.] Italy K004198800 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D30340] Türkiye K004201914 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Croatia K004198819 Yes
Davis [46409] Türkiye K004201888 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [605] Bulgaria K004198778 Yes
Stapf [s.n.] Iran K004201814 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [1452] Sudan K004202703 Yes
Dudley [D36017] Türkiye K004201909 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1506] K001113276 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sintenis, P. [3638] Türkiye K004201810 Yes
Davis [42665] Türkiye K004201927 Yes
Rechinger, K.H.; Rechinger, F. [9262] North Macedonia K000074905 Yes
Molloy, T.R. [15] Türkiye K004201913 Yes
Dudley [D36114] Türkiye K004201904 Yes
Archibald, J.C. [2430] Iran K004201944 Yes
Davis [43166] Türkiye K004201928 Yes
s.coll. [452] France K000959117 Type Yes
Dudley [D36070] Türkiye K004201892 Yes
Haussknecht, C. [s.n.] Iran K004201794 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1506] Nepal K000639506 Unknown Type Material Yes
Esquirol, J. [[2516]] China K004202360 Yes
Davis [42786] Türkiye K004201926 Yes
s.coll. [2491] Ethiopia K004202712 Yes
Carter, J.E. [886] Afghanistan K004201819 Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [959] Afghanistan K004201822 Yes
Harris, G.W. [403] Greece K004198765 Yes
Davis [46426] Türkiye K004201887 Yes
Harris, G.W. [172] Greece K004198769 Yes
[Leedal] [6427A] Tanzania K004202852 No
Botany staff [43311] Iraq K004201957 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [2054] Iran K004201799 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1505] K001113272 Unknown Type Material Yes
[J. Guttiru] [s.n.] China K004202349 Yes
Godron, D.A. [s.n.] France K000959118 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [817] Bulgaria K004198782 Yes
Davis; Coode [D36443A] Türkiye K004201894 Yes
Baldacci, A. [s.n.] Montenegro K004198784 Yes
Davis [21514] Türkiye K004201906 Yes
Sendtner (Dr.) [912] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198807 Yes
Ensermu, K. [2692] Ethiopia K004202716 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004201951 Yes
Dudley [D35648A] Türkiye K004201912 Yes
Purdom, W. [s.n.] China K004202359 Yes
Davis [47544] Türkiye K004201886 Yes
Stribrny, V. [s.n.] Bulgaria K004198781 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1505] K001113271 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cowan; Darlington [2161] Iran K004201803 Yes
Stapf, O. [s.n.] Iran K004201934 Yes
s.coll. [7612] China K004202367 Yes
Richards, M. [19747] Tanzania K004202851 No
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [41071] Iraq K004201941 Yes
Phillips, E. [3780] Malawi K004202892 No
Archibald, J.C. [2184] Iran K004201945 Yes
[R. H. Griseluche] [s.n.] Serbia K004198803 Yes
Pierson, E. [3] Afghanistan K004201821 Yes
Turrill, W.B. (Dr.) [114] Greece K004198771 Yes
Wood, J.R.I. [2705] Yemen K004201956 Yes
Baldacci, A. [115] Albania K000741704 Unknown Type Material Yes
Thompson (Rev.); Thompson, H.P. (Mrs.) [196] Bosnia and Herzegovina K004198804 Yes
Della, A. [ARI2480] Cyprus K004201938 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [40561] Iraq K004201932 Yes
{Br.} [4069] Israel K004201953 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [2054] Iran K004201801 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E. [5766] Ethiopia K004202709 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E. [6664] Ethiopia K004202706 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Croatia K004198818 Yes
Wood, J.R.I. [1734] Yemen K004201954 Yes
Davis [46103] Türkiye K004201895 Yes
Exped, D. [103] Türkiye K004201901 Yes
Cribb, P.J. [T63] Türkiye K004201883 Yes
Zmarzty, S.; Atkins, S. [363] Türkiye K004201880 Yes

Sources

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.

  • Interactive Key to Seed Plants of Malesia and Indo-China

    • The Malesian Key Group (2010) Interactive Key to Seed Plants of Malesia and Indo-China (Version 2.0, 28 Jul 2010) The Nationaal Herbarium Nederland Leiden and The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images