Family:
Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Genus:
Tithonia Desf. ex Juss.

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray

This species is accepted, and its native range is Mexico to Central America. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, as animal food, a medicine and invertebrate food, has environmental uses and for fuel and food.

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean. Elevation range: 100–2000 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Bogotá DC, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Nariño, Putumayo, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca.
Habit
Shrub.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, native grassland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
Vernacular
Árnica, Botón de oro

[FTEA]

Compositae, H. Beentje, C. Jeffrey & D.J.N. Hind. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2005

Morphology General Habit
Annual or short-lived perennial herb or slightly scandent shrub 0.7–3 m, often branching; stems 4-angled, pilose but soon glabrescent.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves alternate, pseudo-petiolate, ovate to obovate, deeply 3–5-lobed or unlobed in some upper leaves, 6–23 cm long, 3–18 cm wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margins crenate to subentire, apex acuminate, scabrid above, pubescent to tomentose beneath; pseudo-petiole to 10 cm long, with 2 auricles 2–8 mm long at base (always?).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Capitulum
Capitula terminal on side branches, solitary; stalks of individual capitula to 21 cm long, widening near apex and in extreme cases the widened part to 6 cm long and 1 cm across; involucre 4-seriate, 14–20 mm long; phyllaries 5–17 mm long; paleae ± 12 mm long, pubescent or glabrous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Ray florets 8–12, yellow or orange-yellow, tube 1.9–3 mm and pubescent, ray 40–75 mm long; disc florets cylindrical, 7.5–10 mm long, puberulous near base.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Achenes oblong, 5–6 mm long, 4-angled, pubescent; pappus of scales to 2 mm with 2 setae to 4 mm long.
Figures
Fig. 162 (page 760).
Habitat
oadsides, waste ground, valley grassland, also used as a hedge-plant; 0–1950 m
Distribution
K3 K4 K5 K7 P T1 T2 T3 U4 Z originally from Central America, now a weed in higher rainfall areas in tropical Africa

[UNAL]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
amargón, botón de oro, botondioro, girasol, mano de Dios, margaritón, mirasol, yerba de bruja

[UPB]

The Useful Plants of Boyacá project

Morphology General Habit
Shrub.
Ecology
Alt. 100 - 2000 m.
Distribution
Cultivated in Colombia.
Conservation
Not Evaluated.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 100 - 2000 m.; Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Arbusto

[UPFC]
Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Fuel
Used for fuels.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Invertebrate Food
Used as invertebrate food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.

[UPB]
Use Medicines Unspecified Medicinal Disorders
Medicinal (State of the World's Plants 2016, Instituto Humboldt 2014).

Native to:

Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bahamas, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Colombia, Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Gabon, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Jamaica, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Leeward Is., Malaya, Maldives, Marianas, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Niue, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Réunion, Seychelles, Society Is., Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Uganda, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Spanish
Árnica.

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 1, 2015 Simaga, J.M. [09682(9791)], Papua New Guinea K001045456 No
Feb 1, 2008 Ambriansyah, A. et al. [2674], Kalimantan K000512335 No
Jul 1, 2005 Etuge, M. [5114], Cameroon K000199818 No
Jul 1, 2005 Etuge, M. [5114], Cameroon K000338419 No
Jul 1, 2001 Cable, S. [922], Cameroon K000108714 No
Aug 1, 1998 Kamundi, D. [627], Cameroon K000338040 No
Feb 1, 1998 Hind, D.J.N. [PCD3613], Bahia K000053524 Yes
Jun 25, 1980 Bourgeau [2319], Mexico K000487726 lectotype Yes
Jun 25, 1980 Bourgeau [2319], Mexico K000487727 lectotype Yes
Jun 1, 1980 Waby, J.A. [116], Barbados K001065949 Yes
Jun 1, 1980 Bourgeau [1562], Mexico K000487728 syntype Yes
Jun 1, 1980 Fraser [s.n.], Guatemala K000487730 syntype Yes
Salvin, O. [s.n.], Guatemala K000487729 syntype Yes
Kuntze, O. [6074], Singapore K001065950 isotype Yes

First published in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 5 (1883)

Accepted by

  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Beentje, H.J. (2021). Flore du Gabon 56: 1-148. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Kiew, R. & al. (eds.) (2021). Malayan Forest Records 49: 1-403.
  • Koyama, H., Bunwong, S., Pornpongrungrueng, P. & Hind, D.J.N. (2016). Flora of Thailand 13(2): 143-428. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
  • Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) https://www.kew.org/science/data-and-resources/tools-and-services/medicinal-plant-names-services in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2020). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26958715. epublication.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Beentje, H.J. (2021). Flore du Gabon 56: 1-148. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Kiew, R. & al. (eds.) (2021). Malayan Forest Records 49: 1-403.
  • Koyama, H., Bunwong, S., Pornpongrungrueng, P. & Hind, D.J.N. (2016). Flora of Thailand 13(2): 143-428. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
  • Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 5 (1883).
  • Agnew, A.D.Q. & Agnew, S., Upland Kenya Wild Flowers, ed. 2: 216, t. 89 (1994).
  • Beentje, Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas p. 564, ill., map (1994).
  • Blundell, Wild Fl. E. Afr.: pl. 387 (1987).
  • D.J.N. Hind in Fl. Masc. 109: 192, t. 65 (1993).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 160 (1949).
  • Lisowski, Asterac. Fl. Afr. Centr. 1: 219, t. 48 (1991).
  • Maquet in Fl. Rwanda 3: 628, fig. 193/2 (1985).
  • R. O. Williams, Useful and Ornamental Plants in Zanzibar and Pemba p. 473 (1949).
  • Wild in Kirkia 6: 56 (1967).

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    ColPlantA database
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    ColPlantA database
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/