Asteraceae
Xeranthemum

Xeranthemum annuum L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 857 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Central & SE. Europe to Central Asia and Iran. It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Romania, South European Russia, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine

Introduced into:

Austria, Germany, Kirgizstan, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Flora of Iraq

  • Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 444 (1875)
  • Dinsmore in Post, Fl. Syria, Palest. & Sinai ed. 2, 2: 78 (1933)
  • Kupicha in Fl. Turkey 5: 604 (1978).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 857 (1753)
  • Linchevsky in Fl. S.S.S.R. 27: 62 (1962)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Guest, E.R. [2762] Iraq K002011550 Yes
Davis; Coode [D36302] Türkiye K002011630 Yes
Rawi, A. [22368] Iraq K002011549 Yes
Smith, A.R. [123] North Macedonia K002011319 Yes
McNeill [526] Türkiye K002011637 Yes
Oksijuk, P. [196] Ukraine K002011367 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Coode, M.J.E.; Yaltirik, F. [D37955] Türkiye K002011631 Yes
Al-Kaisi; Hamid, H.; Hamad, K. [45737] Iraq K002011570 Yes
Brant, J.; Strangways, W.H.F. [s.n.] Iraq K002011591 Yes
Karim, F. [39398] Iraq K002011555 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [23254] Türkiye K002011634 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [23282] Türkiye K002011636 Yes
Domin, K.; Krajina, V.; Suza, J. [95] Slovakia K002011364 Yes
s.coll. [1839] North Macedonia K002011316 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [10695] Iraq K002011574 Yes
Cretzoiu, P. [s.n.] Romania K002011346 Yes
Cretzoiu, P. [s.n.] K002011353 Yes
Brown, B.E. (Miss) [2] North Macedonia K002011359 Yes
Davis [45262] Türkiye K002011606 Yes
Davis; Hedge [D31727] Türkiye K002011597 Yes
Al-Kaisi; Al-Khayat; Karim, F. [51120] Iraq K002011571 Yes
Kümmerle, J.B. [s.n.] Hungary K002011312 Yes
Suza, J. [961] Slovakia K002011362 Yes
{Cowie, Major} [55] Iraq K002011584 Yes
Falck, A. [s.n.] Romania K002011349 Yes
Filarszky, F.; Kümmerle, J.B. [s.n.] Hungary K002011299 Yes
Davis; Dodds; Cetik [19919] Türkiye K002011624 Yes
Verdcourt, B. [4173] North Macedonia K002011317 Yes
Al-Kaisi; Hamad, K.; Hamid, H. [46094] Iraq K002011566 Yes
Gillett [9473] Iraq K002011561 Yes
Davis; Coode [D38929] Türkiye K002011632 Yes
{Cowie, Major} [58] Iraq K002011587 Yes
Giuseppi [12] North Macedonia K002011318 No
MAnissadjian [64] Türkiye K002011613 Yes
Davis, P.H. [15855] Türkiye K002011602 Yes
Gillett [9473] Iraq K002011558 Yes
Yarr, J.R. [6] Iran K002011545 Yes
{Petermann} [1454] Italy K002011307 Yes
Stainton; Henderson [6064] Türkiye K002011611 Yes
Kümmerle, J.B. [s.n.] Hungary K002011311 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Armenia K002011540 Yes
Laven, L. [s.n.] Romania K002011348 Yes
Rawi, A. [2349[7]] Iraq K002011552 Yes
Ludlow-Hewitt, E.R. [1511] Iraq K002011551 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Armenia K002011539 Yes
Davis [33764] Georgia K002011542 Yes
Davis [46466] Türkiye K002011605 Yes
Filarszky, F.; Kümmerle, J.B. [s.n.] Hungary K002011298 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W567] Iraq K002011577 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Türkiye K002011601 Yes
Al-Kaisi; Hamad, K. [45924A] Iraq K002011569 Yes
Rix, E.M. [309] Türkiye K001567248 Yes
Khan; Prance; Ratcliffe [24] Türkiye K002011623 Yes
Cretzoiu, P. [s.n.] Romania K002011347 Yes
{Cowie, Major} [105] Iraq K002011585 Yes
Al-Dabbagh; Hamid, H. [45776] Iraq K002011567 Yes
Sintenis, P. [1466] K002011588 Yes
Borza, A. [827] Romania K002011354 Yes
s.coll. [7146] Armenia K002011541 Yes
Pierce, C.S.; Brenan, J.B.E. [2BR] Türkiye K002011593 Yes
Omar, S. [37709] Iraq K002011564 Yes
Davis [46935] Türkiye K002011620 Yes
Davis, P.H. [14701] Türkiye K002011627 Yes
Filarszky, F. [s.n.] Hungary K002011300 Yes
Guest, E.R. [4729] Iraq K002011581 Yes
Verdcourt [5444] Hungary K002011305 Yes
MAnissadjian [64] Türkiye K002011612 Yes
Khan; Prance; Ratcliffe [150] Türkiye K002011622 Yes
Davis; Dodds; Cetik [20437] Türkiye K002011599 Yes
{Sintenis} [378] Türkiye K002011350 Yes
[Aldun] [s.n.] Serbia K002011361 Yes
Gillett [12452] Iraq K002011562 Yes
Price, W.R. [936] Türkiye K002011594 Yes
V.C.R. [s.n.] Iraq K002011576 Yes
Davis, P.H. [13015] Türkiye K002011600 Yes
Davis [46313] Türkiye K002011604 Yes
Kotschy, C.G.T. [200a] Iraq K002011583 Yes
Al- Dabbagh; Hamid, H. [45781] Iraq K002011568 Yes
Hewer, T.F. [1499] Türkiye K002011610 Yes
Davis [22105] Türkiye K002011635 Yes
Haussknecht, C. [s.n.] Iran K002011548 Yes
Dudley [D35462] Türkiye K002011629 Yes
Rawi [23006] Iraq K002011572 Yes
Davis; Hedge [D31452] Türkiye K002011628 Yes
Untchj, K. [s.n.] Slovenia K002011365 Yes
Lemperg, F. [351] K002011310 Yes
Albury; Cheese; Watson [1770] Türkiye K002011608 Yes
S Hawk[in]s [2] Türkiye K002011615 Yes
Andersen, J.S.; Petersen, I.C. [63] Iran K002011544 Yes
Cretzoiu, P. [s.n.] K002011352 Yes
{Cowie, Major} [10] Iraq K002011590 Yes
McNeill [309] Türkiye K002011603 Yes
Albury; Cheese; Watson [1888] Türkiye K002011609 Yes
McNeill [276] Türkiye K002011625 Yes
Dudley [D35408] Türkiye K002011633 Yes
Davis; Hedge [D31939] Türkiye K002011596 Yes
Guest, E.R. [3691] Iraq K002011582 Yes
Borza, A. [827] Romania K002011345 Yes
Vetter, E. [624] Russia K002011355 Yes
s.coll. [2840a] Russia K002011356 Yes
Richter, L. [s.n.] Hungary K002011303 Yes
Rawi, A. [23428] Iraq K002011553 Yes
Slonovschi, V. [3378] Romania K002011344 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Hungary K002011301 Yes
Rawi, A. [23539] Iraq K002011554 Yes
Davis [46883] Türkiye K002011595 Yes
Gillett [9473] Iraq K002011556 Yes
Thempson, H.P. [1036] North Macedonia K002011313 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Hungary K002011306 Yes
Kotschy, C.G.T. [200a] Iraq K002011575 Yes
Guichard, K.M. [T/125/60] Türkiye K002011616 Yes
{Khan; Prance; Ratcliffe} [87] Türkiye K002011621 Yes
[Hunting Gerosurveys] [90] Iraq K002011578 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Armenia K002011538 Yes
{Genette Malet de Carteret} [s.n.] Türkiye K002011614 Yes
Lemperg, F. [351] Kosovo K002011309 Yes
Sleven [s.n.] Russia K002011358 Yes
Callier, A.; Dörfler, I. [642] Ukraine K002011368 Yes
Cretzoiu, P. [s.n.] K002011351 Yes
Davis, P.H. [14701] Türkiye K002011626 Yes
[Aldun] [s.n.] Serbia K002011360 Yes
Davis; Dodds; Cetik [19828] Türkiye K002011618 Yes
{Cowie, Major} [54] Iraq K002011589 Yes
Davis [45825] Türkiye K002011607 Yes
Rawi [23099] Iraq K002011573 Yes
Davis [46044] Türkiye K002011619 Yes
Thompson, H.P. [932] North Macedonia K002011314 Yes
Richter, L. [2123] Hungary K002011304 Yes
Guest, E.R. [4729] Iraq K002011580 Yes
{Cowie, Major} [57] Iraq K002011586 Yes
{Rawi; Hosham; Nuri} [29395] Iraq K002011547 Yes
Blonski, F. [s.n.] Ukraine K002011366 Yes
Omar, S.; Sahira; Karim, F.; Hamid, H. [38261] Iraq K002011546 Yes
[K. Uusely] [s.n.] Italy K002011308 Yes
Nuri; Kass [27751] Iraq K002011560 Yes
{Adamovic} [s.n.] North Macedonia K002011315 Yes
Omar, S. [37672] Iraq K002011563 Yes
Richter, L. [s.n.] Hungary K002011302 Yes
McNeill, J. [309] Türkiye K002011598 Yes
Rawi [8643] Iraq K002011579 Yes
Rawi, A. [13773] Iraq K002011559 Yes
Gay, J. [163] Russia K002011357 Yes
Omar, S.; Sahira; Karim, F.; Hamid, H. [38421] Iraq K002011557 Yes
Pichler, T. [s.n.] Türkiye K002011617 Yes
Botany staff [43913] Iraq K002011565 Yes
Haradjian, M. [1410.] Syria Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011707 Yes
Trott, A.C. [143] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011663 Yes
Heldreich, I. [s.n.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011672 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [49141] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011658 Yes
Prescot [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011692 Yes
Vašák, V. [s.n.] Armenia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011639 Yes
Zorab, M. [275] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011686 Yes
Cowan, J.M.; Darlington, C.D. [2291] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011660 Yes
Lindsay, N. [1300] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011665 Yes
Furse, P. [3544] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011714 Yes
Trott, A.C. [567] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011701 Yes
Pravitz, G.H. [170] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011667 Yes
Smith, P.B. [286] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011713 Yes
Bornmüller, J. [546] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011724 Yes
Jacobs, M. [6970] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011646 Yes
Pinard, C. [s.n.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K000768964 Type Yes
Balansa, B. [635] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011718 Yes
Archibald, J.C. [3174] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011651 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [1746] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011698 Yes
Heldreich [s.n.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011681 Yes
Lindsay, N. [1300] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011664 Yes
Lindemann [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011536 Yes
Furse; Synge [711.] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011649 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [2109] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011696 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [53939] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011677 Yes
{Balansa} [261] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011676 Yes
Mesxbemagze, D.; Kymameragze, W. [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011689 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011719 Yes
Haussknecht, C. [s.n.] Syria Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011706 Yes
Townsend, C.C.; Mardalaischvili, T. [74/161] Georgia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011640 Yes
Rix, E.M. [309] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011680 Yes
Vašák, V. [s.n.] Armenia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011688 Yes
Bornmüller, J. [3391.] Armenia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011684 Yes
{Balansa} [633] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011716 Yes
Danford, Mrs. A.E. [s.n.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011721 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [145] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011673 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [1279] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011695 Yes
Molloy, T.R. [20] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011709 Yes
Strauss, T. [s.n.] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011669 Yes
[A. Tsozoern.] [s.n.] Armenia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011638 Yes
Cowan, J.M.; Darlington, C.D. [2291] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011654 Yes
Balansa, B. [635] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011717 Yes
Haradjian, M. [4536] Syria Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011705 Yes
Balansa, B. [269.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011674 Yes
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B. 1178] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011712 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011642 Yes
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B1178] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011711 Yes
s.coll. [107/1928] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011700 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011682 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [2609] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011670 Yes
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B. 1178a.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011710 Yes
Trott, A.C. [143] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011662 Yes
Trott, A.C. [143] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011661 Yes
Furse, P. [3109] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011647 Yes
Harrington, G.N. [213] Azerbaijan Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011648 Yes
Cowan, J.M.; Darlington, C.D. [2291] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011659 Yes
Holmberg, O.R. [1265.] Georgia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011693 Yes
Boissier, P.E. [s.n.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K000768963 Syntype Yes
Edmondson, J.R. [693] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011652 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [s.n.] Armenia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011683 Yes
Balansa, B. [269] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011715 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [1746] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011702 Yes
Kotschy, C.G.T. [75.] Syria Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011708 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [s.n.] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011697 Yes
Pichler, T.; Polak, J.E. [s.n.] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011699 Yes
Balansa, B. [882] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011675 Yes
Sintenis, P. [4914] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011725 Yes
Huet du Pavillon [s.n.] Armenia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011685 Yes
Karjaginet, I.; Safiev, B. [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011690 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [74/125] Georgia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011641 Yes
Kotte, W. [[560]] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011722 Yes
Kotschy, C.G.T. [308.] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011687 Yes
Rix, E.M. [203] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011679 Yes
Aucher-Éloy, P.M.R. [4777] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011668 Yes
Archibald, J.C. [2667] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011653 Yes
Péronin, A. [50] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011720 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [0501] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011703 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [43602] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011657 Yes
Brotherus, A.H.; Brotherus, V.F. [455] Georgia Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011691 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [501] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011694 Yes
Davidson, J.M. [51] Türkiye Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011671 Yes
Lindsay, N. [1063] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011666 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [32596] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011656 Yes
Haradjian, M. [684] Syria Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011704 Yes
[Nie] [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011723 Yes
s.coll. [2439] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011645 Yes
Noë [s.n.] Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011678 Yes
Furse, P. [3536] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011650 Yes
Trott, A.C. [143] Iran Xeranthemum squarrosum K002011655 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Flora of Iraq

    • Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. (Eds). (2013-2019). Flora of Iraq, Volumes 5.1, 5.2 and 6.0. Kew Publishing
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images