Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Chile Central, Chile South, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay

Introduced into:

Alabama, Arkansas, Botswana, California, Ecuador, Fiji, Florida, Free State, Galápagos, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malaya, Maryland, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Mozambique, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Oklahoma, Oregon, Portugal, Queensland, Réunion, South Carolina, Spain, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Tonga, Transcaucasus, Victoria, Virginia, Zimbabwe

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
• Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Kuo, M.L. (ed.) (2012). Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2, Suppl.: 1-414. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Second Edition, National Taiwan University.
• Middleton, D.J. & al. (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.26492/gbs74(1).2022-05. epublication.
• Nesom, G.L. (2010). Taxonomic notes on Verbena bonariensis (Verbenaceae) and related species in the USA. Phytoneuron 2010-12: 1-16.
• Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
• Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
• Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

• Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2010). Flora Iberica 12: 1-650. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid. [Cited as Verbena litoralis var. brevibracteata.]

Flora Zambesiaca

• F.T.E.A., Verbenaceae: 9 (1992).
• Kew Bull. 45 : 111, fig. 3 (1990).

Kew Backbone Distributions

• Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2010). Flora Iberica 12: 1-650. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
• Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
• Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae). Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Kuo, M.L. (ed.) (2012). Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2, Suppl.: 1-414. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Second Edition, National Taiwan University.
• Nesom, G.L. (2010). Taxonomic notes on Verbena bonariensis (Verbenaceae) and related species in the USA. Phytoneuron 2010-12: 1-16.
• Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
• Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
• Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
• Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
• Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

• Vell., Fl. Flum.: 1, t. 40 (1835).
• Vell., Fl. Flum.: 17 (1825)
• Yeo in Kew Bulletin 45: 111, fig. 3 (1990).