Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L.

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Russia, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Selvagens, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang

Introduced into:

Argentina Northeast, British Columbia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Dakota, Northern Provinces, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Australia, South Dakota, Tasmania, Tennessee, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Western Australia, Wisconsin

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Austin, D. F. & M. Costea in Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, & M. J. Belgrano (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
• Butkov, A.Y. (1974). Cuscuta in Fl. USSR. Flora of the USSR 19: 30-57. Science Publishers, Inc.
• Charkevicz, S.S. (ed.) (1995). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 7: 1-394. Nauka, Leningrad.
• Cronquist, A. et al. in Cronquist, A., et al. (1984). Convolvulaceae. Intermountain Flora, vascular plants of the intermountain west, U.S.A. 4: 74-84. New York Botanical garden.
• Dobignard, A. & C. Chatelain in Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Convolvulaceae. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 331-351. Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de la ville de Genève.
• Fernald & Rollins in Fernald, M.L. with R. C. Rollins (1950). Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th edition: 1177-1185. Dioscorides Press.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 14: 1-505. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
• Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M., & Long, G. (1986). Med-checklist 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) 3: 1-395. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Ville de Genève.
• Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 88-93.
• Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
• Hitchcock, C.L. & A. Cronquist in Hitchcock, C.L. & A. Cronquist (1991). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: 363-366. Univ. Washington Press.
• Jarvis, C.E. in Jarvis, C.E. (2007). Convolvulaceae. Order out of Chaos Linnean Soc. London & Nat. Hist. Museum.
• Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
• Kartesz, J.T. in Kartesz, J.T. (1994). Convolvulaceae, Cuscutaceae. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland 1: 217-221-& 227-228. Timber Press.
• Kitamura, S. in Kitamura, S. (1960). Fl. Afghanistan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Afghanistan 2: 309-313. Kyoto University.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
• Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins in Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins (1981). Convolvulaceae. A flora of New Mexico 2: 1546-1569.
• Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
• Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
• Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
• Plitmann, U. in Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1978). Cuscutaceae. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 222-237. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
• Scoggan, H.J. in Scoggan, H.J. (1979). Convolvulaceae. The Flora of Canada 4: 1253-1257. National Museum of Natural Sciences.
• Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
• Stalažs, A. (2024). List of vascular plants of Latvia (with Latvian names): 1-312. Dobele.
• Trabut, L. (1907). Les Cuscutes du nord de l'Afrique. Bulletin de la Société de la France 53(sess. extr.): 34-43.
• Turland, N.J. in Press, J.R. & Short, M.J. (eds.) (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Madeira: 266-271. HMSO.
• Valentine, D.H. et al. in Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1972). Convolvulaceae. Flora Europaea 3: 74-83. Cambridge University Press.
• Voss, E.G. in Voss, E.G. (1996). Convolvulaceae. Michigan Flora, part III, Dicots 3: 95-104. Cranbrook Institute of Science.
• Webb, C.J., W.R. Sykes, & P.J. Garnock-Jones (1988). Fl. New Zealand Convolvulaceae - naturalised. Flora of New Zealand 4: 547-560+1289. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
• Yuncker, T.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1964). Cuscutaceae for Flora Iranica. Flora Iranica 8: 1-16. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
• Yuncker, T.G. (1932). The genus Cuscuta. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 18: 113-331. New York Botanical Garden.
• de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Kew Species Profiles

• Baskin, C., Hermy, M., Meulebrouck, K. & Verheyen, K. (2010). Will the sleeping beauties wake up? Seasonal dormancy cycles in seeds of the holoparasite Cuscuta epithymum. Seed Science Research 20: 23-30.
• Cheffings, C. & Farrell, L. (eds) (2005). The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
• Costea, M. & Tardia, F. J. (2006). The biology of Canadian weeds. 133. Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, C. gronovii Willd. ex Schult., C. umbrosa Beyr. ex Hook., C. epithymum (L.) L. and C. epilinum Weihe. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86: 293-316.
• Costea, M., Er, E. & Staples, G. (eds) (2011). Cuscuta epithymum.
• Feinbrun, N. (1970) A taxonomic review of European Cuscutae. Israel Journal of Botany 19: 16-29.
• Heide-Jørgensen, H. S. (2008). Parasitic Flowering Plants. Brill, Leiden.
• Klinkenberg, B. (ed.) (2010). Cuscuta epithymum. In: E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
• Kuijt, J. (1969). The Biology of Parasitic Flowering Plants. University of California Press, California.
• Medical Economics Company (2000). Cuscuta epithymum. In: PDR for herbal medicines. p.506. Medical Economics Company, Montvale, New Jersey.
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2002). A Field Manual for Seed Collectors (pdf) (accessed 20 March 2012).
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2011). Sowing the seeds of UK biodiversity - Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank launches UK Native Seed Hub.  (accessed 20 March 2012).
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2012). Identifying seeds and assessing quality. (accessed 20 March 2012).
• Whitman, K. (2011). Cuscuta epithymum Murray.
• Yuncker, T. G. (1932). The genus Cuscuta. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 18: 109-331.

Kew Backbone Distributions

• Austin, D. F. & M. Costea in Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, & M. J. Belgrano (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
• Butkov, A.Y. (1974). Cuscuta in Fl. USSR. Flora of the USSR 19: 30-57. Science Publishers, Inc.
• Charkevicz, S.S. (ed.) (1995). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 7: 1-394. Nauka, Leningrad.
• Cronquist, A. et al. in Cronquist, A., et al. (1984). Convolvulaceae. Intermountain Flora, vascular plants of the intermountain west, U.S.A. 4: 74-84. New York Botanical garden.
• Dobignard, A. & C. Chatelain in Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Convolvulaceae. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 331-351. Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de la ville de Genève.
• Fernald & Rollins in Fernald, M.L. with R. C. Rollins (1950). Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th edition: 1177-1185. Dioscorides Press.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 14: 1-505. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M., & Long, G. (1986). Med-checklist 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) 3: 1-395. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Ville de Genève.
• Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 88-93.
• Hitchcock, C.L. & A. Cronquist in Hitchcock, C.L. & A. Cronquist (1991). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: 363-366. Univ. Washington Press.
• Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
• Kitamura, S. in Kitamura, S. (1960). Fl. Afghanistan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Afghanistan 2: 309-313. Kyoto University.
• Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins in Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins (1981). Convolvulaceae. A flora of New Mexico 2: 1546-1569.
• Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
• Plitmann, U. in Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1978). Cuscutaceae. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 222-237. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
• Scoggan, H.J. in Scoggan, H.J. (1979). Convolvulaceae. The Flora of Canada 4: 1253-1257. National Museum of Natural Sciences.
• Turland, N.J. in Press, J.R. & Short, M.J. (eds.) (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Madeira: 266-271. HMSO.
• Valentine, D.H. et al. in Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1972). Convolvulaceae. Flora Europaea 3: 74-83. Cambridge University Press.
• Voss, E.G. in Voss, E.G. (1996). Convolvulaceae. Michigan Flora, part III, Dicots 3: 95-104. Cranbrook Institute of Science.
• Webb, C.J., W.R. Sykes, & P.J. Garnock-Jones (1988). Fl. New Zealand Convolvulaceae - naturalised. Flora of New Zealand 4: 547-560+1289. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
• Yuncker, T.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1964). Cuscutaceae for Flora Iranica. Flora Iranica 8: 1-16. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
• Yuncker, T.G. (1932). The genus Cuscuta. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 18: 113-331. New York Botanical Garden.