Ipomoea violacea L.

Native to:

Aldabra, Andaman Is., Aruba, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Cambodia, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Leeward Is., Line Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Niue, Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Panamá, Philippines, Phoenix Is., Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rodrigues, Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Society Is., Solomon Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is., Western Australia, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Hawaii

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
• Austin, D.F. in Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana): 87-88. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
• Austin, D.F. in Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1161-1190. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
• Austin, D.F. in Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, & S.H. Sohmer (1999). Man. Fl. Plts. Hawai'I Convolvulaceae. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'I 1: 548-564. University of Hawaii Press.
• Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. in Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: i-x, 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
• Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
• Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
• Doty, M.S. (1954). Floristics and plant ecology of Raroia Atoll, Tuamotus. Atoll Research Bulletin 33: 1.
• Eggers, H.F.A. in Eggers, H.F.A. (1879). Convolvulaceae. The flora of St Croix and the Virgin Islands: 70-73. US Government Printing Office.
• Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 14: 1-505. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• Gonçalves, M.L. (1987). Convolvulaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(1): 9-129. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
• Jarvis, C.E. in Jarvis, C.E. (2007). Convolvulaceae. Order out of Chaos Linnean Soc. London & Nat. Hist. Museum.
• Kartesz, J.T. in Kartesz, J.T. (1994). Convolvulaceae. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland: 217-221. Timber Press.
• Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
• Liogier, A.H. in Liogier, A. H. (1994). Convolvulaceae. La flora de la Española 6: 49-114. Universidad Central del Este.
• Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell in Liogier, H.A. & Martorell, L.F. (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
• Meisner, C.F. in Martius, C.F.P.von & auct. suc. (eds.) (1869). Convolvulaceae. Flora Brasiliensis 7: 199-370.
• Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
• Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
• Staples, G. (with P. Traiperm) (2010). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Thailand 10: 330-468. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
• Verdcourt, B. (1978). Corrections and additions to the 'Flora of Tropical East Africa: Convolvulaceae': IV. Kew Bulletin 33: 159-168.
• Wagner, W.L. & D.H. Lorence in Wagner, W. L. & D. H. Lorence. (2002-ongoing). Fl. Marquesas CNV - April 2012. 2002-. Flora of the Marquesas Islands website. Smithsonian Institution & National Tropical Bot. Garden.
• Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
• Wood, J.R.I., Muñoz-Rodríguez P., Williams, B.R.M., Scotland, R.W. (2020). A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1-823.
• Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

• Austin, D.F. (1975). Convolvulaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 157-224. [Cited as Ipomoea macrantha.]
• Austin, D.F. in Lasser, T. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Venezuela 8(3): 15-226. Fundación Educación Ambiental. [Cited as Ipomoea macrantha Roem. & Schultes.]
• Shinners, L. in Correll, D.S. & M.C Johnston (1970). Convolvulaceae. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas: 1241-1261. Texas Research Foundation. [Cited as Ipomoea tuba.]

Flora of the Cayman Islands

• L. Sp. Pl. 1: 161 (1753).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

• Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
• Adams, C.D. in Adams, C.D. (1972). Flowering Plants of Jamaica: 601-614. University of the West Indies, Mona.
• Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
• Austin, D.F. in Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1161-1190. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
• Austin, D.F. in Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon Convolvulaceae. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 288-363. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
• Austin, D.F. in Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, & S.H. Sohmer (1999). Man. Fl. Plts. Hawai'I Convolvulaceae. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'I 1: 548-564. University of Hawaii Press.
• Baker, J.G. & A.B. Rendle in Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. et al. (eds.) (1905). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Tropical Africa 4(2): 62-206. Secretary of State for the Colonies.
• Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. in Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: i-x, 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
• Barker, R.M. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993). Fl. Australia Oceanic Islds. Convolvs. Flora of Australia 50: 342-353. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
• Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
• Brown, F.B.H. (1935). Fl. SE Polynesia Convolvulaceae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130: 237-242.
• Clarke, C.B. in Hooker, J.D. (1883). Fl. Br. India Convolvulaceae. Flora of British India 4: 179-228 + 734.
• Clarke, C.B. in Kanjilal, U.N., A. Das, P.C. Kanjilal, & R.E. De (eds.) (1939). Fl. Assam Convolvulaceae. Flora of Assam 3: 338-362+538. Govt. of Assam.
• Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
• Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
• Florence, J., S. Wadren, & A.J. Chepstow-Lusty (1995). The flora of the Pitcairn Islands: a review. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 79-119. The Linnean Society of London.
• Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet. M.-H. (1977). Flora of Micronesia 3: Convolvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 36: 1-34.
• Fosberg, F.R. & Stoddard, D.R. (1994). Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific. Atoll Research Bulletin 393: 1-60.
• Fosberg, F.R. in Stoddart, D.R. & P.E. Gibbs (1975). Convolvulaceae. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 81.
• Friedmann, F. (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 491-503. ORSTOM éditions.
• Gonçalves, M.L. (1987). Convolvulaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(1): 9-129. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Hancock, I.R. & C.P. Henderson (1988). Convolvulaceae. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 131-132.
• Heine, H. (1984). Fl. Nouv. Caléd. & Dépend. Convolvulaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 13: 1-91. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
• Hill, A.W. & Sandwith, N. in Williams, R.O. (1953). Fl. Trinidad & Tobago Convolvs.. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(4): 210-240. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
• Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
• Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
• Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
• Khan, M.S. (1985). Fl. Bangladesh Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 30: 1-59. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
• Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
• Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell in Liogier, H.A. & Martorell, L.F. (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
• Long, R. W. & O. Lakela in Long, R. W. & O. Lakela (1976). Convolvulaceae. A flora of tropical Florida: 711-724. Banyan Books.
• Morat, P. & J.-M. Veillon (1985). Contribution a la connaissance de la vegetation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IV Series, section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.
• Ooststroom, S.J. van & R.D. Hoogland (1953). Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana 4: 388-512. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
• Parham, B.E.V. (1971). The Vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 576-609.
• Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
• Powell, Dulcie A. (1979). The Convolvulaceae of the Lesser Antilles. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 219-271.
• Shinners, L. in Correll, D.S. & M.C Johnston (1970). Convolvulaceae. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas: 1241-1261. Texas Research Foundation.
• Smith, A.C. in Smith, A.C. (1991). Fl. Vitiensis Nova Convolvulaceae. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 41-69. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
• Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
• Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
• Verdcourt, B. (1958). Notes on African Convolvulaceae (part 3). Kew Bulletin 13: 199-217.
• Wagner, W.L. & D.H. Lorence in Wagner, W. L. & D. H. Lorence. (2002-ongoing). Fl. Marquesas CNV - April 2012. 2002-. Flora of the Marquesas Islands website. Smithsonian Institution & National Tropical Bot. Garden.
• Welsh, S.L. in Welsh, S.L. (1998). Fl. Societensis Convolvulaceae. Flora Societensis: 83-88. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
• Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
• Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
• Wood, J.R.I., Muñoz-Rodríguez P., Williams, B.R.M., Scotland, R.W. (2020). A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1-823.
• Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
• Yuncker, T.G. (1943). The Flora of Niue Island: Convolvulaceae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 178: 98-99.
• Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

• Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
• Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
• Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
• Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
• FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
• GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
• GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
• Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
• Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.