Family:
Cyperaceae Juss.
Genus:
Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla

This species is accepted, and its native range is Temp. & Subtropical. It is used as a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 50 m.; Llanura del Caribe, Pacífico.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba, acuática
Conservation
No Evaluada

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Caribbean, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–0 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Sucre.
Habit
Herb, Aquatic.
Conservation
IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland.

[FTEA]

Cyperaceae, K Hoenselaar, B. Verdcourt & H. Beentje. Hypolytrum, D Simpson. Fuirena, M Muasya. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2010

Type
Types: Sweden, Roslagen, Linnaeus s.n. (UPS, Herb. Celsius 2: 212, lecto.); Sweden, E Roslagen, Borstill, 2 km W of Kalla near Husbacka, Nilsson 9515 (UPS, epitype; BR, H, MO, NU, NY, isoepitypes)
Morphology General Habit
Perennial 0.4–1.2 m tall with swollen stem bases and stiff spreading rhizomes.
Morphology Stem
Stems triangular, glabrous, 2–5(–10) mm thick, covered in the lower half by green leaf sheaths with brown slightly hairy throats; blades long and flat, the upper overtopping the stem, 25–40 mm long, 5–10 mm wide, scabrid on keel and margins
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts
Main bracts 8–15 cm long and overtopping the inflorescence
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence compound, open, with terminal cluster of several sessile spikelets and with small heads of 1–3 sessile spikelets, the heads on unequal branches 1–3 cm long, the total number of spikelets per inflorescence being 20–40(–50).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets golden brown to reddish brown, elongate, (5–)15–40 mm long, 3–5 mm wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes golden or pale to dark brown, 5–6 mm long, emarginate and with a mucro
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
Perianth segments 6, white or brown, linear with retrorse bristles
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens with long flattened filaments
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlets pale brown becoming dark brown, obovoid, 2–2.6(–3) mm long, 1.4–1.8(–2.3) mm wide, smooth, bluntly acuminate, convex on one side and flattened on the other
Figures
Fig. 4, p22
Ecology
Seasonal swamps, often on black cotton or saline soil, muddy river banks, lake flood plains, ricefields; 10–1350 m
Note
Dr Jane Browning informed the editor just before publication that she believes B. maritimus does not occur in tropical Africa, and that our taxon should be named B. glaucus (Lam.) S.G. Smith in Novon 5: 101 (1995); basionym Scirpus glaucus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 142 (1791). Type: Senegal, Rousillon s.n. (P-Lam., holo.). Browning, Gordon-Gray, Smith & van Staden published on this subject in Nordic. J. Bot. 1: 475–482 (1998).
Distribution
Range: Mauretania, Senegal, Mali, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique; widespread in temperate and tropical regions Flora districts: K1 K4 K7 T2 T3 T4 T5

[FSOM]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit
Perennial with long hardened stolons ending in tubers or stems; stems 40–120 cm long and 2–5 mm thick, sharply triangular, pith-filled or hollow
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-blades 25–40 cm long and 3–10 mm wide, flat; sheaths greenish
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence with clusters of spikelets on branches of very unequal length (usually 0.5–3 cm long); total number of spikelets usually 5–40; largest involucral bracts usually 8–15 cm long, erect or spreading, similar to the leaf-blades
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets 10–50 mm long and 3–5 mm wide, ovate to elongate and often somewhat curved, golden brown to reddish brown
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes 5–6 mm long, ovate with midrib excurrent; margin and surface with minute hairs
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
Perianth-bristles 6
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
Style with 3 branches
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlet 2–2.6 x 1.4–1.8 mm, 3-angular, dark brown and smooth as mature.
Distribution
S2, 3; pantropical as well as in temperate regions.
Ecology
Altitude: near sea-level to 100 m.

[UPFC]
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil South, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Cambodia, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central European Rus, Chad, Chile Central, China North-Central, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hawaii, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Laos, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Indiana

English
Sea Club Rush

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Bidgood, S. [6312], Tanzania K000468113 No
Hepper, F.N. [12078], Lebanon K000315880 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [12076], Lebanon K000315881 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [6265], Spain K000204967 No
Roxburgh, W. [419] K001057225 Yes
Korolkov, N.J. [s.n.] K001057226 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [21409], Thailand K000595015 No
Cope, T.A. [RBG 191], United Kingdom K000914492 Yes
Bidgood, S. [6139], Tanzania K000468286 No
Regel, E.A. von [s.n.], China K001057227 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [21409], Thailand K000595016 No
Batanouny, K.H. [2502], Qatar Scirpus maritimus K000315879 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [s.n.], Jordan Scirpus maritimus K000315884 No
Clarke, C.B. [s.n.] Scirpus maritimus K000315929 No
Nejdel-Stems [s.n.], Lebanon Scirpus maritimus K000315885 No
Clarke, C.B. [s.n.], Lebanon Scirpus maritimus K000315883 No

First published in W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3: 2532 (1905)

Accepted by

  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.
  • Hroudová, Z., Gregor, T. & Zákravsky, P. (2009). Die verbreitung von Bolboschoenus-Arten in Deutschland Kochia 4: 1-22.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jermy, C., Simpson, D., Foley, M. & Porter, M. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles. B.S.B.I. Handbook No. 1, ed. 3: 1-554. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
  • Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and ajacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
  • Rad, M.A., Hroudová, Z. & Marhold, K. (2010). The genus Bolboschoenus in Iran: taxonomy and distribution Nordic Journal of Botany 28: 588-602.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador https://www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist/.
  • Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 1: 1-366. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Rothrock, P.E. (2009). Sedges of Indiana and adjacent states: the non-Carex species: 1-271. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  • USDA, NRCS (2005- continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Koch, Syn. Deutsch. Schweiz. Fl. ed. 3, 3: 2531 (1904)
  • Strelitzia 2: 25, figs. 8, 9 (1995)
  • Taxon 48: 356 (1999)
  • Willdenowia 36: 105, fig. 1 (2006).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Flora of Somalia

    Flora of Somalia
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0