Gentianaceae

Gentiana Tourn. ex L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 227 (1753)
This genus is accepted
The native range of this genus is Temp. Eurasia, Tropical Asian Mountains to SE. Australia, N. & Central America, W. & S. South America to NW. Venezuela, Falkland Islands.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Central European Russia, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hainan, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Louisiana, Magadan, Maine, Malaya, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Northwest Territories, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Accepted Species

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.

Flora of Iraq

  • Linnaeus, Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 285 (1754)
  • Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 227 (1753);

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 1, 2012 Rico, L.; Windsor-Shaw, T.; Malavasi, A.; Viscarra, J.; Remy, F. [1513] Bolivia K000295172 No
Jan 1, 1978 Drummond, J. [s.n.] United States K000872152 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1978 Gray, A.; Sullivan, S. [s.n.] United States K000872151 Isotype Yes
Jan 1, 1965 Wilson, E.H. [5108] China K000843932 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1935 Smith, H. [12537] China K000857099 Isotype Yes
Jan 1, 1931 Smith, H. [7345] China K000857109 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1928 Smith, H. [4569] China K000843931 Type Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [5426] Italy K005001624 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918074 Yes
s.coll. [112] K005002835 Yes
Thomas, E. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918160 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [29874] India K000872220 Holotype Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005001633 Yes
s.coll. [1561] K005001636 Yes
[Doville] [s.n.] France K004918203 Yes
Moorcroft, W. [Cat. no. 4390] India K001038885 Unknown Type Material Yes
Potanin, G.N. [s.n.] China K000857104 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hooker, J.D. [30] India K000843996 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918157 Yes
Schneider, C. [3592] China K000843527 Holotype Yes
Ft. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918185 Yes
Smith, D. [135] United States K005003461 Yes
s.coll. [870] Switzerland K004918072 Yes
Churchill, G.C. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918166 Yes
Ft. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918190 Yes
Delavay, M. [s.n.] China K000843526 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918187 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Indian Subcontinent K000195806 Unknown Type Material Yes
Masson, R. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918194 Yes
[GK] [s.n.] Switzerland K004918197 Yes
Drummond, J.R. [23019] India K005002830 Yes
Melville, R.; Melville, E.F. [5977] New Zealand K:SPC-36964.000 No
Wood, J.R.I.; Serrano, M. [14664] Bolivia K000014444 Yes
[J. Krättle] [s.n.] Switzerland K004918071 Yes
Bang, M. [1232] Bolivia K000438932 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K005003468 Yes
Schl [2799] Nepal K005002861 Yes
Clokey, C.E.; Bruderlin, K.; Clokey, I.W. [s.n.] United States K005003471 Yes
Grey-Wilson; et al. [4115] Nepal K005002852 Yes
Ward, F.K. [6130] China K000843541 Holotype Yes
Schiffner, V. [s.n.] Indonesia K000872088 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] India K000843947 Type Yes
Martins, C. [s.n.] France K005001618 Yes
Grace, M.; Bailey, E.; Bull, D.; Carr, S. [113] India K005002868 Yes
K:SPC-25436.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918078 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918200 Yes
Ball, J. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918152 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 4386] Nepal K000639577 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rostan, E. [s.n.] K000857134 Unknown Type Material Yes
Eyerdam, W.J. [5236] United States K005003501 Yes
Favrat, L. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918077 Yes
Thomas, E. [s.n.] France K004918207 Yes
s.coll. [47] France K004918209 Yes
Forrest, G. [25423] K000843507 Type Yes
Nuttall [s.n.] United States K005003465 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918076 Yes
Grey-Wilson; et al. [4508] Nepal K005002863 Yes
Grace, M.; Bailey, E.; Bull, D.; Carr, S. [42] India K005002870 Yes
s.coll. [[2382]] Italy K005001626 Yes
[Schleicher] [s.n.] Switzerland K004918156 Yes
Giulianetti, A. [s.n.] New Guinea K000872117 Type Yes
Fry, M. [s.n.] France K004918165 Yes
Littledale [s.n.] K005002859 Yes
Pin, C. [s.n.] France K005001613 Yes
Hutchinson, J.W. [537] United States K005003457 Yes
Soulié, J.-A. [675] China K000857076 Type Yes
Dhwog, L. [469] Nepal K000872008 Type Yes
Perrier, E. [s.n.] France K005001620 Yes
Halliwell, B. [4354] Japan K:SPC-46481.000 No
Lagger [s.n.] Switzerland K004918150 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [5379] Eswatini K004918082 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] K000872223 Unknown Type Material Yes
Anderson, J.P.; Brown, R.G. [s.n.] United States K005003452 Yes
Malfatti, J. [s.n.] Austria K005001631 Yes
Melville, R.; Melville, E.F. [6129] New Zealand K:SPC-36970.000 No
Grace, M.; Bailey, E.; Bull, D.; Carr, S. [112] India K005002867 Yes
A.H.B. [s.n.] Canada K005003472 Yes
Delavay [1241] China K000857075 Syntype Yes
s.coll. [619] Pakistan K000872213 Type Yes
Ching, R.C. [585] China K000857074 Type Yes
Purdom, W. [406] China K000843496 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K004918210 Yes
Rock, J.F. [13736] China K000857106 Unknown Type Material Yes
Drummond, J.R. [14246] India K005002832 Yes
Elwes, H.J. [s.n.] K000843949 Unknown Type Material Yes
Renitue, J. [475] India K000195808 Type Yes
Groves, H. [s.n.] Italy K000857133 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kindgon Ward, F. [1134] China K000843493 Type Yes
Small, H. [12979] China K000843504 Syntype Yes
Aedo, C.; Castroviejo, S.; Pedrol, J.; Rico, E. [15003] South Africa K001906816 No
Yooprasert, S.; Meeprom, N.; Nguyen, D. V.; Nguyen, K. S.; Pham, H. X. [VN 89-1 (285)] Vietnam K001768317 No
Beaman, J.H. [10860] Indonesia K001935307 No
s.coll. [2215] United States K005003467 Yes
Trotter, L.; Crosbie, O. [8] Korea, North K000843930 Unknown Type Material Yes
[R.L.] [s.n.] Switzerland K004918193 Yes
Handel-Mazzetti, H.F.von [9941] China K000843594 Isotype Yes
Handel-Mazzetti, H.F.von [9895] China K000843494 Isotype Yes
Hooker, J.D. [30] India K000843997 Type Yes
[Durando] [s.n.] Italy K005001627 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J., E. [11] K000196175 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] India K000843950 Type Yes
Schilling, A.D. [2129] Nepal K005002853 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918178 Yes
Osten-Sacken, F.P.von, der [s.n.] K000843926 Isosyntype Yes
Lagger [s.n.] Switzerland K004918155 Yes
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K004918151 Yes
Wright, L.S. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918199 Yes
Grace, M.; Bailey, E.; Bull, D.; Carr, S. [65] India K005002869 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] India K000843946 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hooker, J.D. [4388] India K000843969 Type Yes
Masson, R. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918176 Yes
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K004918148 Yes
Ward, F.K. [6000] China K000843542 Type Yes
Clarke, C.B. [28981A] K005002834 Yes
Hutchinson, J.W. [535] United States K005003456 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918181 Yes
Venning, F.E.W. [90] K005002858 Yes
Schl [2798] Nepal K005002860 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] K000872218 Unknown Type Material Yes
Moë. [s.n.] Norway K004918168 Yes
Drummond [s.n.] United States K005003463 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [24897] K005002827 Yes
[Chatelain] [s.n.] France K004918205 Yes
Cruttwell, N.E.G. [57] Papua New Guinea K000872118 Type Yes
Wyatt, J.W. [123] Austria K005001629 Yes
Smith (Dr) [s.n.] Switzerland K004918188 Yes
Grey-Wilson; et al. [4524] Nepal K005002850 Yes
Jaeschke, H. [61] India K000872219 Unknown Type Material Yes
Royle, J.F. [Cat. no. 4393] India K001038890 Unknown Type Material Yes
Edgeworth, M.P. [84] K000872222 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gamble, J.S. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918184 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [5379] Eswatini K004918083 Yes
Thomson, T. [6] K000872211 Type Yes
Kingdon Ward, F. [7586] China K000843506 Unknown Type Material Yes
Forrest, G. [15187] China K000843502 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918201 Yes
Beccari, O. [169] Indonesia K000872087 Unknown Type Material Yes
Selland, S.K. [s.n.] Norway K004918167 Yes
Przewalski, N.M. [s.n.] China K000843598 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918186 Yes
Lagger (Dr.) [s.n.] Austria K005001630 Yes
Schlersher [s.n.] K005001634 Yes
Hooker [s.n.] K005003460 Yes
Handel-Mazzetti, H.F.von [8431] China K000843505 Type Yes
Pratt, A.E. [463] China K000857077 Type Yes
Drummond, J.R. [22751] India K005002831 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918174 Yes
Grey-Wilson; et al. [4367] Nepal K005002851 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918159 Yes
Huguenin [s.n.] France K005001617 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J., E. [13] China K000195805 Syntype Yes
Hutchinson, J.W. [536] United States K005003458 Yes
Printz [s.n.] Norway K004918170 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Norway K004918171 Yes
Maire, E.E. [s.n.] China K000843492 Unknown Type Material Yes
Venning, D.R. [K133a] K005002833 Yes
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K004918149 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005002856 Yes
Torrey, J.; Gray, A. [s.n.] United States K000872153 Isotype Yes
Purdom, W. [406] China K000843495 Isotype Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K005001616 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005002855 Yes
Verdcourt, B. [4640] France K004918144 Yes
Wallich, N. [s.n.] India K000843995 Type Yes
Rock, J.F. [10033] China K000843520 Type Yes
Clarke, C.B. [48210] Switzerland K004918192 Yes
Levier, E. [s.n.] Italy K005001625 Yes
Schneider, C. [3592] China K000843528 Type Yes
Forrest, G. [20640] China K000843498 Type Yes
Moorcroft, W. [4390] India K000872217 Unknown Type Material Yes
Evers [s.n.] Austria K005001632 Yes
Favrat, L. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918162 Yes
Melville, R.; Melville, E.F.; Connor, H.E. [6480] New Zealand K:SPC-36983.000 No
s.coll. [939] France K004918202 Yes
Baden-Powell, B.H. [238] K005002826 Yes
Forrest, G. [24] China K000843497 Unknown Type Material Yes
A.H.B. [s.n.] Canada K005003473 Yes
Lagger [s.n.] Switzerland K004918163 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918081 Yes
Przawalski, N.M. [s.n.] China K000857073 Type Yes
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K004918177 Yes
Blinkworth, R. [Cat. no. 4389] India K001038884 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pin, C. [s.n.] France K005001621 Yes
Chenevard, P. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918195 Yes
Davidson, R., E. [s.n.] India K000195807 Type Yes
[Rohatsch] [s.n.] France K005001623 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918182 Yes
Wyatt, J.W. [199] France K004918141 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [197] France K005001619 Yes
s.coll. [619] Pakistan K000872214 Holotype Yes
Schleicher [s.n.] K004918075 Yes
Dhwog, L. [0469] Nepal K000872009 Type Yes
Ghiesbreght (Dr.) [718] K005003503 Yes
Lagger (Dr) [s.n.] Switzerland K004918189 Yes
Rossmore (Lord) [106] Greenland K005003502 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [48438] Switzerland K004918191 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K004918140 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918079 Yes
Osmaston, B.B. [188] K005002822 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K005001615 Yes
Melville, R.; Melville, E.F.; Talbot, H. [5986] New Zealand K:SPC-36966.000 No
Forrest, G. [408] China K000843500 Type Yes
Wilson, E.H. [4138] China K000843523 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dutoit, D. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918158 Yes
Patterson, H.N. [95] United States K005003469 Yes
Hay [s.n.] Nepal K000872221 Type Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 4388] Nepal K001038883 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918080 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K004918206 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [2483] France K004918145 Yes
Halliwell, B. [s.n.] Nepal K005002866 Yes
Ching, R.C. [870] China K000857105 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918164 Yes
Ewan, J. [18590] United States K005003499 Yes
s.coll. [90] K005002849 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [5346] France K004918138 Yes
Borel [s.n.] Switzerland K004918161 Yes
Chenevard, P. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918180 Yes
Schleicher [s.n.] K005001635 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918179 Yes
Bor, N.L. [9715] K005002824 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918154 Yes
Pin, C. [s.n.] France K005001622 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [39] India K000843948 Type Yes
Angas (Mrs) [s.n.] Germany K004918173 Yes
Looff, E.H.; Looff, H.B. [533] United States K005003454 Yes
Townsend, C.; Ramamoorthy, T.P. [110] K005002865 Yes
Grey-Wilson; et al. [4508] Nepal K005002862 Yes
[Huguenin] [[158]] France K004918208 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K004918143 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918183 Yes
[Conrad] [s.n.] Germany K004918172 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [2483] France K004918146 Yes
Przewalski, N.M. [s.n.] China K000843516 Type Yes
Timothée, M. [s.n.] France K005001614 Yes
Timothée, J. [s.n.] France K004918204 Yes
Fuller, G.L. [2] K005002820 Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] Russia K005003459 Yes
Soulie, J.A. [203] China K000843529 Type Yes
Stewart, R.R. [2597] K005002821 Yes
Potanin, G.N. [s.n.] China K000843599 Isotype Yes
[Chavin] [s.n.] Switzerland K004918196 Yes
Went, F.W. [316] United States K005003470 Yes
J.R.D. [1190] India K005002828 Yes
Smith, H. [12529] China K000843503 Syntype Yes
s.coll. [47] Nepal K005002864 Yes
Maire, E.E. [s.n.] China K000843575 Type Yes
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K004918073 Yes
Drummond [s.n.] United States K005003464 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [5346] France K004918139 Yes
Drummond, J.R. [22750] India K005002829 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [2483] France K004918147 Yes
Hutchinson, J.W. [534] United States K005003455 Yes
Drummond, J.R. [13918] India K005002819 Yes
Ludlow, F.; Sherriff, G.; Taylor, G. [6073] China K000843933 Type Yes
Darwin, E. [s.n.] Canada K005003462 Yes
[Lohbrunner Bros] [196] United States K005003453 Yes
Kermode, C.W.D. [16690] Burma K005002802 Yes
Forrest, G. [20640] China K000843499 Type Yes
Marquand, C.V.B. [8686] France K004918142 Yes
Lace, J.H. [5755] Burma K005002801 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005002857 Yes
K000196173 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K005003466 Yes
Kincaid, T. [s.n.] United States K005003500 Yes
Rico, L.; Avendaño R., R. [2041] Mexico K000266018 No
Smith, H. [7209] China K000857107 Type Yes
Ebner [s.n.] Austria K005001628 Yes
Strachey, R. [14] India K000872212 Type Yes
W.I.N. [s.n.] Norway K004918169 Yes
Thomas [s.n.] K004918153 Yes
s.coll. [6728] K000843501 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bamburg [s.n.] Switzerland K004918198 Yes
Smith, H. [12440] China K000857100 Type Yes
Joad, G.C. [s.n.] Switzerland K004918175 Yes
Maroof Shah [387] Pakistan Gentianodes K001567513 No

Sources

  • Flora of Iraq

    • Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. (Eds). (2013-2019). Flora of Iraq, Volumes 5.1, 5.2 and 6.0. Kew Publishing
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images