Gentiana Tourn. ex L.
Distribution
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hainan, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Louisiana, Magadan, Maine, Malaya, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon
Synonyms
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Aloitis Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 21 (1837)
- Asterias Borkh. in Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 25 (1796)
- Bilamista Raf. in New Fl. 4: 92 (1838)
- Calathiana Delarbre in Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2, 1: 28 (1800)
- Chaelothilus Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 14 (1790), opus utique oppr.
- Chiophila Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 23 (1837)
- Chondrophylla A.Nelson in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 245 (1904)
- Ciminalis Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 504 (1763)
- Coilantha Borkh. in Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 25 (1796)
- Cruciata Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 36 (1782), opus utique oppr.
- Cuttera Raf. in Med. Repos. 2(5): 352 (1808)
- Dasistepha Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 19 (1837)
- Dasystephana Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 502 (1763)
- Dicardiotis Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 31 (1837)
- Diploma Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 19 (1837)
- Endotriche Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 298 (1821)
- Ericala Reneaulme ex Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 335 (1821 publ. 1822), orth. var.
- Ericoila Reneaulme ex Borkh. in Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 23 (1796), nom. superfl.
- Favargera Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 125: 256 (1972)
- Gaertneria Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 15 (1790), opus utique oppr.
- Gentianodes Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 125: 256 (1972)
- Gentianusa Pohl in Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 167 (1809)
- Hippion F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 2: 18 (1793 publ. 1794), nom. superfl.
- Holubia Á.Löve & D.Löve in Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 32: 266 (1977), nom. illeg.
- Holubogentia Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 131: 385 (1978)
- Kudoa Masam. in J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 29 (1930)
- Kuepferella M.Laínz in Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 22: 32 (1976)
- Kurramiana Omer & Qaiser in Pakistan J. Bot. 24: 101 (1992)
- Lexipyretum Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 449 (1867)
- Pneumonanthe Gled. in Syst. Pl. Stamin. Situ: 238 (1764)
- Psalina Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 25 (1837)
- Qaisera Omer in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 111: 206 (1989)
- Rassia Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 12 (1790), opus utique oppr.
- Ricoila Reneaulme ex Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 23 (1837)
- Sebeokia Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 13 (1790), opus utique oppr.
- Selatium D.Don ex G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 196 (1837)
- Spiragyne Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 14 (1790), opus utique oppr.
- Thylacitis Reneaulme ex Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 504 (1763)
- Thyrophora Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 13 (1790), opus utique oppr.
- Tretorhiza Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 503 (1763)
- Tretorrhiza Reneaulme ex Delarbre in Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 24 (1800)
- Varasia Phil. in Fl. Atacam.: 35 (1860)
- Xolemia Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 22 (1837)
Accepted Species
- Gentiana acaulis L.
- Gentiana affinis Griseb.
- Gentiana alba Muhl. ex J.McNab
- Gentiana albicalyx Burkill
- Gentiana albomarginata C.Marquand
- Gentiana algida Pall.
- Gentiana alii (Omer & Qaiser) T.N.Ho
- Gentiana alpina Vill.
- Gentiana alsinoides Franch.
- Gentiana altigena Harry Sm.
- Gentiana altorum Harry Sm. ex C.Marquand
- Gentiana × ambigua Hayek
- Gentiana amplicrater Burkill
- Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
- Gentiana angustifolia Vill.
- Gentiana anisostemon C.Marquand
- Gentiana aperta Maxim.
- Gentiana apiata N.E.Br.
- Gentiana aquatica L.
- Gentiana arenicola Kerr
- Gentiana arethusae Burkill
- Gentiana argentea (Royle ex D.Don) Royle ex D.Don
- Gentiana arisanensis Hayata
- Gentiana aristata Maxim.
- Gentiana arunii D.Maity, S.K.Dey, J.Ghosh & Midday
- Gentiana asclepiadea L.
- Gentiana asterocalyx Diels
- Gentiana atlantica Litard. & Maire
- Gentiana atuntsiensis W.W.Sm.
- Gentiana austromontana J.S.Pringle & Sharp
- Gentiana autumnalis L.
- Gentiana baeuerlenii L.G.Adams
- Gentiana bambuseti T.Y.Hsieh, T.C.Hsu, S.M.Ku & C.I Peng
- Gentiana bavarica L.
- Gentiana beamanii J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana bella Franch.
- Gentiana bicuspidata (G.Don) Briq.
- Gentiana × billingtonii Farw.
- Gentiana boissieri Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.
- Gentiana bokorensis Hul
- Gentiana bolavenensis Nagah., Tagane & Soulad.
- Gentiana borneensis Hook.f.
- Gentiana boryi Boiss.
- Gentiana brachyphylla Vill.
- Gentiana bredboensis L.G.Adams
- Gentiana brentae Prosser & Bertolli
- Gentiana bryoides Burkill
- Gentiana burseri Lapeyr.
- Gentiana cachemirica Decne.
- Gentiana caelestis (C.Marquand) Harry Sm.
- Gentiana caeruleogrisea T.N.Ho
- Gentiana caliculata Lex.
- Gentiana calycosa Griseb.
- Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Gentiana carinata (D.Don ex G.Don) Griseb.
- Gentiana carinicostata Wernham
- Gentiana catesbaei Walter
- Gentiana cephalantha Franch.
- Gentiana cephalodes Edgew.
- Gentiana × charpentieri E.Thomas ex Hegetschw.
- Gentiana chinensis Kusn.
- Gentiana choanantha C.Marquand
- Gentiana chungtienensis C.Marquand
- Gentiana clarkei Kusn.
- Gentiana clausa Raf.
- Gentiana clusii Perr. & Songeon
- Gentiana confertifolia C.Marquand
- Gentiana coronata Royle
- Gentiana crassa Kurz
- Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burkill
- Gentiana crassula Harry Sm.
- Gentiana crassuloides Bureau & Franch.
- Gentiana cristata Harry Sm.
- Gentiana cruciata L.
- Gentiana cruttwellii Harry Sm.
- Gentiana cuneibarba Harry Sm.
- Gentiana × curtisii J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana dahurica Fisch.
- Gentiana davidii Franch.
- Gentiana decemfida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Gentiana decora Pollard
- Gentiana decumbens L.f.
- Gentiana delavayi Franch.
- Gentiana deltoidea Harry Sm.
- Gentiana dendrologi C.Marquand
- Gentiana densiflora T.N.Ho
- Gentiana depressa D.Don
- Gentiana × digenea Jakow.
- Gentiana divaricata T.N.Ho
- Gentiana diversifolia Merr.
- Gentiana douglasiana Bong.
- Gentiana dschungarica Regel
- Gentiana dshimilensis K.Koch
- Gentiana duclouxii Franch.
- Gentiana durangensis Villarreal
- Gentiana ecaudata C.Marquand
- Gentiana elmeriana Halda
- Gentiana elwesii C.B.Clarke
- Gentiana emodi C.Marquand ex Sealy
- Gentiana ettingshausenii F.Muell.
- Gentiana exigua Harry Sm.
- Gentiana faucipilosa Harry Sm.
- Gentiana fieldiana J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana filistyla Balf.f. & Forrest
- Gentiana flavomaculata Hayata
- Gentiana flexicaulis Harry Sm.
- Gentiana formosa Harry Sm.
- Gentiana forrestii C.Marquand
- Gentiana franchetiana Kusn.
- Gentiana fremontii Torr.
- Gentiana frigida Haenke
- Gentiana froelichii Jan ex Rchb.
- Gentiana futtereri Diels & Gilg
- Gentiana × gaudiniana E.Thomas ex W.D.J.Koch
- Gentiana gayi Griseb.
- Gentiana gelida M.Bieb.
- Gentiana georgei Diels
- Gentiana gilvostriata C.Marquand
- Gentiana glauca Pall.
- Gentiana grandiflora Laxm.
- Gentiana × grandilacustris J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana grata Harry Sm.
- Gentiana × grisebachiana Rouy
- Gentiana grumii Kusn.
- Gentiana gyirongensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana handeliana Harry Sm.
- Gentiana haraldi-smithii Halda
- Gentiana harrowiana Diels
- Gentiana haynaldii Kanitz
- Gentiana heleonastes Harry Sm.
- Gentiana helophila Balf.f. & Forrest
- Gentiana hesseliana Hosseus
- Gentiana hexaphylla Maxim. ex Kusn.
- Gentiana himalayensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana hirsuta Ma & E.W.Ma ex T.N.Ho
- Gentiana hohoxiliensis S.K.Wu & R.F.Huang
- Gentiana hooperi J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana hsinganica J.H.Yu
- Gentiana hugelii Griseb.
- Gentiana huxleyi Kusn.
- Gentiana × hybrida Schleich. ex DC.
- Gentiana intricata C.Marquand
- Gentiana jamesii Hemsl.
- Gentiana jarmilae Halda
- Gentiana jingdongensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana jouyana Hul
- Gentiana kaohsiungensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang
- Gentiana kauffmanniana Regel & Schmalh.
- Gentiana khammouanensis Hul
- Gentiana kirilowii Turcz.
- Gentiana kurroo Royle
- Gentiana kurumbae Anilkumar & Udayan
- Gentiana lacerulata Harry Sm.
- Gentiana laciniata Kit. ex Kanitz
- Gentiana × laengstii Hausm.
- Gentiana laevigata M.Martens & Galeotti
- Gentiana lagodechiana (Kusn.) Grossh.
- Gentiana langbianensis A.Chev. ex S.Hul
- Gentiana laotica Soulad., Tagane & Yahara
- Gentiana lateriflora Hemsl.
- Gentiana latidens (House) J.S.Pringle & Weakley
- Gentiana lawrencei Burkill
- Gentiana laxiflora T.N.Ho
- Gentiana leroyana Hul
- Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim.
- Gentiana lhassica Burkill
- Gentiana liangshanensis Z.Y.Zhu
- Gentiana licentii Harry Sm.
- Gentiana ligustica R.Vilm. & Chopinet
- Gentiana linearis Froel.
- Gentiana lineolata Franch.
- Gentiana linoides Franch.
- Gentiana loerzingii Ridl.
- Gentiana longicollis G.L.Nesom
- Gentiana loureiroi (G.Don) Griseb.
- Gentiana lowryi Hul
- Gentiana lutea L.
- Gentiana lycopodioides Stapf
- Gentiana macgregoryi Hemsl.
- Gentiana macrophylla Pall.
- Gentiana maeulchanensis Franch.
- Gentiana mairei H.Lév.
- Gentiana makinoi Kusn.
- Gentiana manshurica Kitag.
- Gentiana × marcailhouana Rouy
- Gentiana × marceli-jouseaui Halda
- Gentiana × media Arv.-Touv.
- Gentiana meiantha (C.B.Clarke) Harry Sm.
- Gentiana melandriifolia Franch.
- Gentiana membranulifera T.N.Ho
- Gentiana micans C.B.Clarke
- Gentiana micantiformis Burkill
- Gentiana micrantha Aitch. ex Hemsl.
- Gentiana microdonta Franch.
- Gentiana microphyta Franch.
- Gentiana mirandae Paray
- Gentiana moniliformis C.Marquand
- Gentiana muscicola C.Marquand
- Gentiana myrioclada Franch.
- Gentiana namlaensis C.Marquand
- Gentiana nanobella C.Marquand
- Gentiana nerterifolia P.Royen
- Gentiana newberryi A.Gray
- Gentiana nipponica Maxim.
- Gentiana nivalis L.
- Gentiana nubigena Edgew.
- Gentiana nudicaulis Kurz
- Gentiana nyalamensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana obconica T.N.Ho
- Gentiana occidentalis Jakow.
- Gentiana officinalis Harry Sm.
- Gentiana olgae Regel & Schmalh.
- Gentiana oligophylla Harry Sm.
- Gentiana olivieri Griseb.
- Gentiana oreocharis Halda & Jurášek
- Gentiana oreodoxa Harry Sm.
- Gentiana ornata (G.Don) Wall. ex Griseb.
- Gentiana ovatiloba Kusn.
- Gentiana pachyphylla Merr.
- Gentiana × pallidocyanea J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana pannonica Scop.
- Gentiana panthaica Prain & Burkill
- Gentiana papillosa Franch.
- Gentiana paradoxa Albov
- Gentiana parryae C.Marquand
- Gentiana parryi Engelm.
- Gentiana parvula Harry Sm.
- Gentiana pedata Harry Sm.
- Gentiana pedicellata (D.Don) Griseb.
- Gentiana perpusilla Brandegee
- Gentiana phyllocalyx C.B.Clarke
- Gentiana piasezkii Maxim.
- Gentiana picta Franch.
- Gentiana platypetala Griseb.
- Gentiana plurisetosa C.T.Mason
- Gentiana pneumonanthe L.
- Gentiana praeclara C.Marquand
- Gentiana praticola Franch.
- Gentiana prattii Kusn.
- Gentiana pringlei M.Shabir, P.Agnihotri, J.K.Tiwari & T.Husain
- Gentiana producta T.N.Ho
- Gentiana prolata Balf.f.
- Gentiana prostrata Haenke
- Gentiana pseudosquarrosa Harry Sm.
- Gentiana puberulenta J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana pubigera C.Marquand
- Gentiana pulvinarum W.W.Sm.
- Gentiana pumila Jacq.
- Gentiana pumilio Standl. & Steyerm.
- Gentiana punctata L.
- Gentiana purpurea L.
- Gentiana pyrenaica L.
- Gentiana qiujiangensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana quadrifaria Blume
- Gentiana querceticola Halda & Jurášek
- Gentiana radiata C.Marquand
- Gentiana radicans Harry Sm.
- Gentiana recurvata C.B.Clarke
- Gentiana riparia Kar. & Kir.
- Gentiana robusta King ex Hook.f.
- Gentiana rostanii Reut. ex Verlot
- Gentiana rubicunda Franch.
- Gentiana rubricaulis Schwein.
- Gentiana sagarmathae Miyam. & H.Ohba
- Gentiana saginifolia Wernham
- Gentiana saginoides Burkill
- Gentiana saltuum C.Marquand
- Gentiana saponaria L.
- Gentiana sasidharanii K.M.P.Kumar & Sunil
- Gentiana satsunanensis T.Yamaz.
- Gentiana scabra Bunge
- Gentiana scabrida Hayata
- Gentiana sceptrum Griseb.
- Gentiana sedifolia Kunth
- Gentiana septemfida Pall.
- Gentiana setigera A.Gray
- Gentiana shaanxiensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana sierrae Briq.
- Gentiana sikkimensis C.B.Clarke
- Gentiana sikokiana Maxim.
- Gentiana simulatrix C.Marquand
- Gentiana sino-ornata Balf.f.
- Gentiana siphonantha Maxim. ex Kusn.
- Gentiana sirensis J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana spathacea Kunth
- Gentiana spathulifolia Kusn.
- Gentiana spathulisepala T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
- Gentiana springateana D.Maity
- Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb.
- Gentiana stellata Turrill
- Gentiana stellulata Harry Sm.
- Gentiana stipitata Edgew.
- Gentiana stragulata Balf.f. & Forrest
- Gentiana straminea Maxim.
- Gentiana suborbisepala C.Marquand
- Gentiana subpolytrichoides Grubov
- Gentiana subuliformis S.W.Liu
- Gentiana sumatrana Ridl.
- Gentiana susamyrensis Pachom.
- Gentiana sutchuenensis Franch.
- Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz
- Gentiana taiwanialbiflora S.S.Ying
- Gentiana taiwanica T.N.Ho
- Gentiana takushii T.Yamaz.
- Gentiana taliensis Balf.f. & Forrest
- Gentiana tarokoensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang
- Gentiana tatsienensis Franch.
- Gentiana terglouensis Hacq.
- Gentiana ternifolia Franch.
- Gentiana tetraphylla Maxim. ex Kusn.
- Gentiana tetrasepala Biswas
- Gentiana tetrasticha C.Marquand
- Gentiana thunbergii (G.Don) Griseb.
- Gentiana tibetica King ex Hook.f.
- Gentiana timida Kerr
- Gentiana tongolensis Franch.
- Gentiana tonkinensis Hul
- Gentiana tornezyana Litard. & Maire
- Gentiana trichotoma Kusn.
- Gentiana tricolor Diels & Gilg
- Gentiana triflora Pall.
- Gentiana tubiflora (G.Don) Griseb.
- Gentiana ulmeri Merr.
- Gentiana uniflora Georgi
- Gentiana urnula Harry Sm.
- Gentiana utriculosa L.
- Gentiana vandellioides Hemsl.
- Gentiana vandewateri Wernham
- Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl.
- Gentiana venusta (G.Don) Wall. ex Griseb.
- Gentiana verna L.
- Gentiana vernayi C.Marquand
- Gentiana viatrix Harry Sm. ex C.Marquand
- Gentiana villosa L.
- Gentiana waltonii Burkill
- Gentiana walujewii Regel & Schmalh.
- Gentiana wangchukii E.Aitken & D.G.Long
- Gentiana wardii W.W.Sm.
- Gentiana wasenensis C.Marquand
- Gentiana wilsonii C.Marquand
- Gentiana winchuanensis T.N.Ho
- Gentiana wingecarribiensis L.G.Adams
- Gentiana woodii J.S.Pringle
- Gentiana xanthonannos Harry Sm.
- Gentiana yakushimensis Makino
- Gentiana yokusai Burkill
- Gentiana yunnanensis Franch.
- Gentiana zekuensis T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
- Gentiana zhenxiongensis L.H.Wu & Z.T.Wang
- Gentiana zollingeri Fawc.
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.
Flora of Iraq
- Linnaeus, Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 285 (1754)
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 227 (1753);
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Melville, R. [5977], New Zealand | 36964.000 | No | |||
Melville, R. [6129], New Zealand | 36970.000 | No | |||
Melville, R. [6480], New Zealand | 36983.000 | No | |||
Wood, J.R.I. [14664], Bolivia | K000014444 | Yes | |||
Rico, L. [2041], Mexico | K000266018 | No |
Sources
-
Flora of Iraq
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
- Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images