[FZ]
Rutaceae, F. A. Mendoça. Flora Zambesiaca 2:1. 1963
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs, rarely suffrutices or perennial herbs, with odoriferous oil-glands, sometimes armed with prickles or spines
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves simple or pinnate or (1) 3-foliolate; lamina dotted with pellucid glands all over the surface or on the margin only
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescences of panicles, racemes, cymose clusters or glomerules, terminal, axillary, or terminal and axillary, sometimes also on older leafless branches
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers (2–3) 4–5-merous, actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual by abortion and dioecious
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals free or united, usually imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals free, imbricate or rarely valvate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens as many as or twice as many as the petals, free or rarely numerous and in phalanges, inserted at the base of a disk; anthers 2-lobed at the base, sometimes with an apical gland; staminodes well-developed or vestigial or absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary vestigial in the male flowers, in the female flowers of a single carpel which is sessile, subsessile or stipitate, 1-locular and 2-ovulate, or of 2–5 (7) carpels united for their full length and sessile or on a short or long gynophore, or slightly united at the base and by the stigma (otherwise free), each carpel 1-locular and 2-ovulate, or rarely 1–? ovulate; style long or short or absent, terminal or lateral; stigma capitate or discoid, ± deeply lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit baccate or drupaceous, 1–4-locular (1–3 loculi abortive), with 1-seeded loculi, or a 5-locular capsule with 2-seeded loculi, or 2-locular with 5–6-seeded loculi, or rarely a 1-seeded follicle
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds oblong, reniform or rounded; endosperm present or absent
[NTK]
Groppo, M. (2010). Neotropical Rutaceae.
- Morphology
-
Description
Trees or shrubs (these many- to few-branched), rarely sub -shrubs or herbs (Apocaulon R. Cowan from Peru and Ertela Adans. from Brazil), usually evergreen , very rarely deciduous , some aculeate (Zanthoxylum L. spp.) or armed with thorns (Raulinoa R. Cowan, some Citrus L.), all organs with glandular dots containing ethereal aromatic oil; stipules lacking. Leaves alternate , opposite or whorled , 1-3-foliolate, pinnately (including 2- pinnate in Dictyoloma A. Juss.) or palmately compound , rarely simple ; lamina usually with the ethereal oil glands visible as pellucid dots. Inflorescences terminal or axially, very rarely cauliflorous , in racemes, cymes, thyrses (including diplo-thyrses), spikes, or other types. Flowers (4-)5- merous , actinomorphic or zygomorphic (mostly in Galipeinae), bisexual or rarely unisexual by abortion (plants dioecious or monoecius); sepals with free or connate lobes, aestivation imbricate or valvate ; petals free or connate (Gallipeinae), aestivation imbricate , rarely valvate (e.g. Hortia Vand.); stamens usually as many as petals in Neotropical groups and alternating with the corolla lobes, or reduced to only 2 (together with 3-5 staminodes) or 3 (with 2 staminodes) functional stamens in Galipeinae, the filaments usually free or rarely connate , sometimes adnate to the corolla , some with basal appendages, dehiscence longitudinal; intrastaminal disc usually present, rarely absent (e.g. Adiscanthus Ducke), entire or rarely reduced to a unilateral incomplete disc (Ertela); gynoecium composed of (1-2-)4-5 carpels in Neotropical groups, free to fully syncarpic to different degrees, locules as many as carpels; ovary (-ies) superior , placentation axial or parietal in the apocarpic ovaries, ovules per locule usually (1-)2 in Neotropical groups (4-5 in Dictyoloma), superposed or collateral. Fruits capsules or schizocarps with 1-5 dehiscent or indehiscent (Pitavia Molina) mericarps, or samaras (e.g. Balfourodendron Méllo ex Oliv., Spathelia L.), samaroids (Helietta Tul.), drupes or berries (Hortia, cultivated Citrus and allies), the capsules and dehiscent mericarps often with a detaching endocarp ejecting the seeds when mature. Seeds 1-2 to many per carpel ; endosperm present (copious or scarce) or absent; cotyledons straight or curved, fleshy or thin and leaf-like, these sometimes folded.
- Distribution
-
Distribution in the Neotropics
- About 160 genera and 1,900 species of Rutaceae were recognised by Groppo et al. (2008), of which 48 genera and 350 species occur in the Neotropics (Kallunki 2004), 44-50 of these species belong to the genus Conchocarpus (Galipeinae).
- Rutaceae is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical or less frequently in temperate regions of the world. In the Neotropics the family is more diverse in the understorey of moist forests, especially in Brazilian Atlantic rain forests (Galipeinae), but species of this group can also be found in drier areas (e.g. Casimiroa, Zanthoxylum, Balfourodendron and Helietta). Cneoridium, Thamnosma, and some Zanthoxylum, Ptelea and Choisya species occur in desertic or temperate areas in North America (Mexico); and the monospecific Pitavia occurs in temperate areas in Chile.Adiscanthus Ducke - native, 1 species, Amazon (Peru, Venezuela, Brasil).
- Almeidea A. St-Hil. - native, 5 species, Brazil and Bolivia.
- Amyris P. Browne - native, c. 40 species, USA (Texas, Florida), Mexico, Central America (including West Indies) to Peru and Brazil.
- Andreadoxa Kallunki - native, 1 species, Brazil (Bahia).
- Angostura Roem. & Schultes - native, 8 species, Central America (Nicaragua) and southwards to Venezuela, Southern Brazil and Bolivia.
- Apocaulon R. Cowan - native, 1 species, Venezuela (Guyanan Shield).
- Balfourodendron Méllo ex Oliv. - native, 2 species, Northeastern to Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Northeastern Argentina.
- Casimiroa Llave & Lex. - native, c. 10 species, North America (Texas-USA, Mexico) to Costa Rica.
- Choisya Kunth - native, 7 species, Mexico and Southern USA (Arizona).
- Citrus L., Murraya Koenig ex L.and other allies (subfamily Aurantioideae) - introduced from Asia, cultivated as ornamentals or because of their edible fruits (Citrus).
- Cneoridium Hook.f. - native, 1 species, USA (California).
- Conchocarpus Mikan - native, 46-50 species, Central America (Nicaragua) and southwards to Bolivia and Southeastern Brazil.
- Decagonocarpus Engl. - native, 2 species, Venezuela (Guyanan Shield), Northern Brazil, Colombia.
- Decatropsis Hook.f. - native, 2 species, Central America (Guatemala, Honduras), Mexico.
- Decazyx Pittier & S.F. Blake - native, 2 species, Central America (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras), Mexico.
- Desmotes Kallunki - native, 1 species, Central America (Panama, endemic to Coiba Island).
- Dictamnus L. - introduced from the Old World, cultivated.
- Dictyoloma A. Juss. - native, 1 species, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil.
- Ertela Adans. - native, 2 species, Mexico through Northern and Central South America (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia).
- Erythrochiton Nees & Mart. - native, 7 species, Central America (Costa Rica) across Northern South America and South to Bolivia and Brazil.
- Esenbeckia Kunth - native, 28 species, Mexico to Northeastern Argentina.
- Euxylophora Huber. - native, 1 species, Brazil (Pará).
- Galipea Aubl. - native, c. 17 species, Cuba and from Guatemala southwards through the Neotropics.
- Helietta Tul. - native, 8 species, Mexico and USA (Texas), Central America (Cuba), Northern South America, Peru, Paraguay, Brazil and Northern Argentina.
- Hortia Vand. - native, 10 species, Panama, Northern South America to São Paulo state (Brazil, Atlantic rain forest); one species in Brazilian and Bolivian savannahs).
- Leptothyrsa Hook.f. - native, 1 species, Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, Peru).
- Lubaria Pittier - native, 1 species, Costa Rica, Venezuela.
- Megastigma Hook.f. - native, 1-2 species, Central America (Guatemala), Mexico.
- Metrodorea - native, 5 species, Surinam through Brazil to Bolivia.
- Naudinia Planch. & Linden - native, 1 species, Colombia.
- Neoraputia Emmerich - native, c. 8 species, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil (Amazon and Atlantic rain forests).
- Nycticalanthus Ducke - native, 1 species, Brazil (Central Amazon).
- Plethadenia Urb. - native, 2 species, Central America (Cuba and Hispaniola).
- Peltostigma Walp. - native, 3 species, Central America (West Indian Islands, Guatemala, Nicaragua), Mexico and Peru.
- Phellodendron Rupr. - Old World, cultivated.
- Pilocarpus Vahl. - native, 16 species, Mexico, Central America (including the Antilles) to Argentina.
- Pitavia Molina - native, 1 species, Southern Chile.
- Polyaster Hook.f. - native, 1 species, Mexico.
- Ptelea L. (include Taravalia Greene) - native, 1-6 species, North America (Mexico and USA).
- Raputia Aubl. - native, 10 species, Northern South America.
- Raputiarana Emmerich - native, 1 species, Brazil (Amazonia).
- Rauia Nees & Mart. - native, c. 7-8 species, Brazil (Atlantic Rain Forest).
- Raulinoa R. Cowan - native, 1 species, Brazil (restricted to Santa Catarina).
- Ravenia Vell. Conc. - native, c. 14 species, Central America (Greater Antilles, Trinidad), from Honduras to Brazil and Peru.
- Raveniopsis Gleason - native, 19 species, Venezuela (Guiana Shield), Northern Brazil.
- Ruta L. - Old world, cultivated.
- Rutaneblina Steyerm. & Luteyn. - native, 1 species, Venezuela (Guyanan Shield).
- Sigmatanthus Huber ex Emmerich - native, 1 species, Brazil (Northeast, Pará to Ceará).
- Spathelia L. - native, c. 15 species, Mexico, Central America (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica) Northern South America to Brazil (Rondonia and Mato Grosso states).
- Spiranthera A. St-Hil. - native, 5 species, Northern South America, Peru, Bolivia to Brazil (savannah and Atlantic forest).
- Stauranthus Liebm. - native, 1-2 species, Mexico to Panama.
- Thamnosma Torrey & Frémont - native, 8-9 species (3-4 in America), Northeastern Africa, Southern USA and Northern Mexico.
- Ticorea Aubl. - native, 5 species, throughout the Amazon in the Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Perua and Bolivia.
- Toxosiphon Baill - native, 4 species, Southern Mexico south to Panama, Ecuador, Northern Bolivia and Brazil.
- Zanthoxylum L. - native, c. 180-200 species, (sub) tropics worldwide, c. 72 in America, widespread.
- Diagnostic
-
Useful tips for generic identification
- In many Neotropical Rutaceae (all Galipeinae, Pilocarpus , Metrodorea , Raulinoa , Esenbeckia , Plethadenia , Peltostigma and Zanthoxylum ) the fruits are capsules or schizocarps with 1-5 dehiscent mericarps, many times with a detaching endocarp that ejects the seeds when mature, a mechanism analogous to that found in most Euphorbiaceae.
- Tribe Galipeinae, the most diverse group of the Neotropics with 28 genera and c. 130 species, includes species with mostly zygomorphic flowers, a more or less tubular corolla, the filaments adnate to the corolla tube, and 2 (rather than 5) stamens and 3 staminodes.
- Zanthoxylum consists of species with pinnate leaves, frequently with aculeate (spiney) bark and (sometimes) leaves. Flowers are unisexual (in dioecious species).
- Metrodorea , Esenbeckia , Helietta , Balfourodendron , Pilocarpus and Raulinoa are trees or shrubs with 1-3-foliolate (rarely simple or pinnate - some Pilocarpus ) leaves. They have small, actimorphic flowers, usually creamy white (some species with wine-red flowers in Pilocarpus and Metrodorea ). Raulinoa (endemic to Santa Catarina state, Brazil) are armed with thorns. Pilocarpus have racemose inflorescences, while the remaining genera have compound inflorescences (panicles or thyrses). Metrodorea and Esenbeckia have capsular fruits. Metrodorea have opposite leaves (like in some species of Esenbeckia ) with the sheaths of the opposite leaves joined at base with the upper part cucullate, protecting the apical branch bud. In Balfourodendron and Helietta the fruits are indehiscent and winged.
- Casimiroa (Mexico and some parts of Central America) and Hortia (South America and Panama, most species in the Amazon) have baccate fruits. Casimiroa have palmately compound leaves and small, creamy-white flowers. Hortia have simple, usually large leaves (30-120 cm long) and pink flowers in large inflorescences.
- Dictyoloma and Spathelia have small flowers with staminal filaments with hairy basal appendages as do some Simaroubaceae. Dictyoloma have 2-pinnate leaves and winged seeds. Spathelia are monopodial trees from the Amazon and Central America with large, 1-pinnate leaves crowded at the apex of the trunk as palms, and with samaroid fruits.
- Rutaceae can be confused with other families of Sapindales such as Meliaceae, Simaroubaceae or Sapindaceae because of the compound leaves, but they can be readily distinguished from these by the aromatic leaves with pellucid dots, which are scattered throughout the lamina or restricted to the margins.
- There are several species of few-branched (frequently monopodial) shrubs from understorey of forested areas in Brazil and other countries with simple, large and alternate leaves that can be confused with other groups such as Clavija (Theophrastaceae), Pouteria (Sapotaceae) and member of the Euphorbiaceae.
- Trees or shrubs, less often sub -shrubs or herbs.
- Flowers usually actinomorphic and small, usually white or cream.
- Intrastaminal disc usually present.
- Fruits capsules or schizocarps with 1-5 dehiscent mericarps, often with a detaching endocarp that ejects the seeds when mature, a mechanism analogous to most Euphorbiaceae.
- Leaf lamina aromatic, usually with ethereal oil glands visible as pellucid dots.
- Stipules absent.
- Superiorovary.
- General Description
-
General notes
- Rutaceae are best known by the exotic genus Citrus, because of its commercially consumed fruits. Other groups of the same subfamily of Citrus (Aurantioideae, see discussion above) are commonly cultivated as ornamentals in America, including species of Atalantia, Clausena, Murraya, and Swinglea.
- Other extra-American cultivated genera are Dictamnus, Phellodendron, and Ruta.
- Native species are used as commercial timbers, such as Euxylophoraparaensis Huber ("pau-amarelo"), Balfourodendronriedelianum (Engl.) Engl. ("pau-marfim"), both from Brazil, and Zanthoxylumflavum Vahl ("West Indian silkwood").
- Species of Pilocarpus (the "jaborandis") are sources of the alkaloid pilocarpine, used to treat glaucoma: one of the species, P. microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew. is commercially cultivated in Brazil. The bark of some species of Angostura, Galipea and Hortia are used to treat fevers. Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex. ("zapote blanco", "white-zapote") is cultivated for its edible fruits in Central America.
- The division of the family Rutaceae in seven subfamilies (Aurantioideae, Dictyolomatoideae, Flindersioideae, Rhabdendroideae, Rutoideae, Spathelioideae, and Toddalioideae) by Engler (1931) was based mainly on morphological characteristics such as degree of connation and number of carpels, fruit characteristics (e.g. dehiscent vs. indehiscent, fleshy or dry, winged or not) and histology of the glands with ethereal aromatic oil. Recent analyses using molecular, chromosomal, and phytochemical evidence have showed Aurantioideae as a monophyletic group, but not Rutoideae, Toddalioideae and Flindersioideae, and these groups must therefore be re-circumscribed.
- The monogeneric Spathelioideae (Spathelia) and Dictyolomatoideae (Dictyoloma) are part of a larger clade containing African and European genera such as Bottegoa Chiov., Cedrelopsis Baill., Cneorum L., Harrisonia R. Br. ex A. Juss. and Ptaeroxylon Ecklon. & Zeyher. in a re-circumscribed and expanded Spathelioideae (see Chase et al. 1999 and Groppo et al. 2008 for a more detailed discussion).
- Some Neotropical genera such as Conchocarpus Mikan and Esenbeckia Kunth appear not to be monophyletic, and studies treating their circumscriptions are currently underway.
- Literature
-
Important literature
Chase, M.W., Morton, C.M. and Kallunki, J.A. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships of Rutaceae: a cladistic analysis of the subfamilies using evidence from rbcL and atpB sequence variations. American Journal of Botany 86: 1191-1199.
Emmerich, M. 1978. Contribuição ao conhecimento da tribo Cusparineae (Rutaceae). Nova Conceitual de Raputia e gêneros derivados. Rodriguésia 39(45): 224-307.
Engler, A. 1874. Rutaceae. In: C.F.P. Martius and A.G. Eichler (eds.), Flora brasiliensis., vol. 12, pt.2, 75-196. Typographia Regia, Munich.
Engler, A. 1931. Rutaceae. In: H.G.A. Engler and K. Prantl (eds.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, T. 19a, 187-359. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
Groppo, M. 2004. Filogenia de Rutaceae e revisão de Hortia Vand. PhD thesis. University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
Groppo, M., Pirani, J.R., Salatino, M.F.L., Blanco, S.R. and Kallunki, J.A. 2008. Phylogeny of Rutaceae based on two noncoding regions from cpDNA. American Journal of Botany 95(1): 985-1005.
Kaastra, R.C. 1982. Pilocarpinae (Rutaceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph. 13. The New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Kallunki, J.A. 1992. A revision of Erythrochiton sensu lato (Cuspariinae, Rutaceae). Brittonia 44(2): 107-139.
Kallunki, J.A. 1994. Revision of Raputia Aubl. (Cuspariinae, Rutaceae). Brittonia 46(4): 279-295.
Kallunki, J.A. 1998. Andreadoxa flava (Rutaceae, Cuspariinae): a new genus and species from Bahia, Brazil. Brittonia 50(1): 59-62.
Kallunki, J.A. 2004. Rutaceae In: N. Smith, S.A. Mori, A. Henderson, D.W. Stevenson & S.V. Heald (eds.) Flowering Plants of the Neotropics. pp. 333-335. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Kallunki, J.A. 2009. Validation of Neoraputia (Galipeae, Rutaceae) and description of two new species from Eastern Brazil. Brittonia 61(1): 28-34.
Kallunki, J. A., and J. R. Pirani. 1998. Synopses of Angostura Roem. and Schult. and Conchocarpus J. C. Mikan. Kew Bulletin 53: 257-334.
Pirani. J.R. 1998. A revision of Helietta and Balfourodendron (Rutaceae, Pteleinae). Brittonia 50: 348-380.
Pirani, J.R. 2002. Rutaceae. In: Wanderley, M.G.L., Shepherd, G.J., Giulietti, A.M. (eds.). Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo. vol. 2: 281-308. São Paulo, Fapesp/HUCITEC.
Reynel, C. 1995. Systematics of Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) with an account on the wood anatomy of the genus. PhD thesis. University of Missouri, Saint Louis.
Salvo, G., Bacchetta, G., Ghahremaninejad, F. & Conti, E. 2008. Phyllogenetic relationships of Ruteae (Rutaceae): new evidence from the chloroplast genome and comparisons with non-molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 736-748.
Skorupa, L. A. 1996. Revisão taxonômica de Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae). PhD thesis. University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
[FTEA]
Rutaceae, J.O. Kokwaro (University of Nairobi). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1982
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs, rarely suffrutices or perennial herbs, sometimes armed with spines or prickles
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves simple, trifoliolate, pinnately or palmately compound, spicy-aromatic when crushed; lamina dotted with pellucid glands (at least along the margin)
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence variable, but mostly of panicles, racemes or cymose clusters
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers bisexual or unisexual by abortion and dioecious, actinomorphic A pistillode sometimes present in ? flowers; staminodes sometimes absent in ? flowers
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals (2–)4–5, free or united towards the base, usually imbricate in bud
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals (0–)4(–8), free and usually imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens 3–10(–40), usually as many as or twice as many as the petals; filaments free or united into groups, inserted at the base of a disk; anthers 2-thecous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary superior; carpels 1–5(–15) or rarely more, free below or completely united; ovules 1–several in each locule; placentation usually axile; style usually 1; stigma 1, capitate and large
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a berry or drupe, 1–4–many-locular with 1–8-seeded locules, or a 5–8-locular capsule with 2–many-seeded locules, rarely 1-seeded follicle
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds oblong, reniform or rounded; endosperm often absent
[FWTA]
Rutaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:2. 1958
- Morphology General Habit
- Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves simple or compound, mostly gland-dotted; stipules absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, actinomorphic
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 4–5, imbricate, free or connate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals imbricate, rarely valvate, mostly free
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens the same or double the number of the petals, rarely numerous, free or rarely united; anthers 2-celled, introrse, opening lengthwise
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Nectaries
- Disk usually present within the stamens
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovules often 2, superposed Ovary superior, syncarpous and often 4–5-celled, or the carpels free (secondary apocarpy); styles free or connate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit baccate, drupaceous or coriaceous, rarely a capsule
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds with or without endosperm
[FZ]
Ptaeroxylaceae, F. White and B. T. Styles. Flora Zambesiaca 2:2. 1966
- Morphology General Habit
- Aromatic trees or shrubs with indistinct oil-cavities in the younger parts
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite or alternate, pari- or imparipinnate, without stipules
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers dioecious or polygamous, actinomorphic, 4–5-merous; sepals and petals dissimilar
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals small, 4–5, variously connate or almost free, the lobes imbricate or with open aestivation, not concealing the corolla in the bud
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals 4–5, free, valvate or imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens 4–5, free, alternating with the petals; filaments glabrous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Nectaries
- Disk well-developed, broadly annular, intrastaminal
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary superior, 2–5-locular, with axile placentation; ovules 1–2 per loculus, descending, with adaxial rhaphe
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a capsule, the carpels separating from a persistent central column and dehiscing along the adaxial suture and also near the apex of the abaxial suture
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds with a long terminal wing
- Acmadenia Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.
- Acradenia Kippist
- Acronychia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Adenandra Willd.
- Adiscanthus Ducke
- Aegle Corrêa
- Aeglopsis Swingle
- Afraegle Engl.
- Afraurantium A.Chev.
- Agathosma Willd.
- Amyris P.Browne
- Andreadoxa Kallunki
- Angostura Roem. & Schult.
- Apocaulon R.S.Cowan
- Asterolasia F.Muell.
- Atalantia Corrêa
- Balfourodendron Mello ex Oliv.
- Balsamocitrus Stapf
- Bergera J.Koenig ex L.
- Boenninghausenia Rchb. ex Meisn.
- Boronia Sm.
- Bosistoa F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Bottegoa Chiov.
- Bouchardatia Baill.
- Bouzetia Montrouz.
- Brombya F.Muell.
- Burkillanthus Swingle
- Calodendrum Thunb.
- Casimiroa La Llave
- Cedrelopsis Baill.
- Chloroxylon DC.
- Choisya Kunth
- Chorilaena Endl.
- Citropsis (Engl.) Swingle & M.Kellerm.
- Citrus L.
- Clausena Burm.f.
- Clymenia Swingle
- Cneoridium Hook.f.
- Cneorum L.
- Coleonema Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.
- Comptonella Baker f.
- Conchocarpus J.C.Mikan
- Correa Andrews
- Crossosperma T.G.Hartley
- Crowea Sm.
- Cyanothamnus Lindl.
- Decagonocarpus Engl.
- Decatropis Hook.f.
- Decazyx Pittier & S.F.Blake
- Desmotes Kallunki
- Dictamnus L.
- Dictyoloma A.Juss.
- Dinosperma T.G.Hartley
- Diosma L.
- Diplolaena R.Br.
- Drummondita Harv.
- Dutailliopsis T.G.Hartley
- Dutaillyea Baill.
- Empleurum Aiton
- Eriostemon Sm.
- Ertela Adans.
- Erythrochiton Nees & Mart.
- Esenbeckia Kunth
- Euchaetis Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.
- Euodia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Euxylophora Huber
- Fagaropsis Mildbr.
- Flindersia R.Br.
- Galipea Aubl.
- Geijera Schott
- Geleznowia Turcz.
- Glycosmis Corrêa
- Halfordia F.Muell.
- Haplophyllum A.Juss.
- Harrisonia R.Br. ex A.Juss.
- Helietta Tul.
- Hortia Vand.
- Ivodea Capuron
- Leionema (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson
- Leptothyrsa Hook.f.
- Limonia L.
- Lubaria Pittier
- Lunasia Blanco
- Luvunga Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn.
- Maclurodendron T.G.Hartley
- Macrostylis Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.
- Medicosma Hook.f.
- Megastigma Hook.f.
- Melicope J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Merope M.Roem.
- Metrodorea A.St.-Hil.
- Microcybe Turcz.
- Micromelum Blume
- Monanthocitrus Tanaka
- Muiriantha C.A.Gardner
- Murraya J.Koenig ex L.
- Myrtopsis Engl.
- Naringi Adans.
- Naudinia Planch. & Linden
- Nematolepis Turcz.
- Neobyrnesia J.A.Armstr.
- Neoraputia Emmerich ex Kallunki
- Neoschmidia T.G.Hartley
- Orixa Thunb.
- Pamburus Swingle
- Paramignya Wight
- Peltostigma Walp.
- Pentaceras Hook.f.
- Perryodendron T.G.Hartley
- Phebalium Vent.
- Phellodendron Rupr.
- Philotheca Rudge
- Phyllosma Bolus ex Schltr.
- Picrella Baill.
- Pilocarpus Vahl
- Pitavia Molina
- Pitaviaster T.G.Hartley
- Pleiospermium Swingle
- Plethadenia Urb.
- Polyaster Hook.f.
- Psilopeganum Hemsl.
- Ptaeroxylon Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Ptelea L.
- Raputia Aubl.
- Raputiarana Emmerich
- Rauia Nees & Mart.
- Raulinoa R.S.Cowan
- Ravenia Vell.
- Raveniopsis Gleason
- Rhadinothamnus Paul G.Wilson
- Ruta L.
- Rutaneblina Steyerm. & Luteyn
- Sarcomelicope Engl.
- Sheilanthera I.Williams
- Sigmatanthus Huber ex Emmerich
- Skimmia Thunb.
- Sohnreyia K.Krause
- Spathelia L.
- Spiranthera A.St.-Hil.
- Stauranthus Liebm.
- Swinglea Merr.
- Tetractomia Hook.f.
- Tetradium Lour.
- Thamnosma Torr. & Frém.
- Ticorea Aubl.
- Toxosiphon Baill.
- Triphasia Lour.
- Vepris Comm. ex A Juss.
- Wenzelia Merr.
- Zanthoxylum L.
- Zieria Sm.
Rutaceae Juss. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 296. 1789 [4 Aug 1789] (1789)
Accepted by
- APG IV (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
-
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Neotropikey
Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0