- Family:
- Rhamnaceae Juss.
Rhamnus L.

[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Shrubs or trees, sometimes with spine-tipped branches, sometimes dioecious
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate or opposite, penninerved; stipules small, usually soon falling
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Flowers in axillary cymes or clusters, or flowers solitary, bisexual or unisexual, 4–5-merous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk thin
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary superior, (2–)3(–4)-celled; style usually 3-lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a drupe with (2–)3(–4) free stones.
- Distribution
- Genus of some 140 species in tropical and temperate regions.
[FZ]
Rhamnaceae, R. B. Drummond. Flora Zambesiaca 2:2. 1966
- Morphology General Habit
- Small trees or shrubs.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate or opposite or fasciculate, petiolate; lamina penninerved, margin often toothed.
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules small, soon deciduous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence an axillary fascicle (in our area), less often flowers solitary.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers usually bisexual.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle urceolate or flat.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 4–5, valvate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals 4–5 or absent, cucullate or flat.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 4–5.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk thin, lining the receptacle.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Ovary superior, 2–4-locular; ovules 1 per loculus; style simple or 2–3(4)-fid.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit obovoid, drupaceous with a fleshy or somewhat woody endocarp.
[FTEA]
Rhamnaceae, Marshall C. Johnston (University of Texas Herbarium). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1972
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs (or scandent shrubs)
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate (or opposite but not in East Africa), petiolate
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules present, small, free, usually soon deciduous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers usually in axillary cymes or these reduced to fascicles or solitary flowers, or rarely in more elaborate bracteate or non-bracteate panicles or thyrses, 5- or 4-merous, usually perfect but in some species dioecious (? not in East Africa), perigynous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals present or absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk thin, lining the cup
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary 3-celled or reportedly rarely 4-celled (or 2-celled but not in East Africa)
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
- Style usually 3-partite about half the length
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a drupe with 3 (or 2 but not in East Africa) or rarely 4 free 1-seeded stones.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Andaman Is., Angola, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burundi, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Christmas I., Colorado, Comoros, Connecticut, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Free State, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Hainan, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, Nicobar Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Society Is., Somalia, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Argentina Northeast, Mauritius, New Zealand North
- Rhamnus alaternus L.
- Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér.
- Rhamnus alpina L.
- Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
- Rhamnus arnottiana Gardner ex Thwaites
- Rhamnus aurea Heppeler
- Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov
- Rhamnus × bermejoi P.Fraga & Rosselló
- Rhamnus biglandulosa Sessé & Moc.
- Rhamnus bodinieri H.Lév.
- Rhamnus brachypoda C.Y.Wu
- Rhamnus bungeana J.J.Vassil.
- Rhamnus calderoniae R.Fern.
- Rhamnus cathartica L.
- Rhamnus collettii Bhandari & Bhansali
- Rhamnus cordata Medw.
- Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz.
- Rhamnus cornifolia Boiss. & Hohen.
- Rhamnus costata Maxim.
- Rhamnus crenulata Aiton
- Rhamnus crocea Nutt.
- Rhamnus dalianensis S.Y.Li & Z.H.Ning
- Rhamnus daliensis G.S.Fan & L.L.Deng
- Rhamnus darii Govaerts
- Rhamnus davurica Pall.
- Rhamnus depressa Grubov
- Rhamnus diffusa Clos
- Rhamnus disperma Ehrenb. ex Boiss.
- Rhamnus dolichophylla Gontsch.
- Rhamnus dumetorum C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus erythroxyloides Hoffmanns.
- Rhamnus erythroxylum Pall.
- Rhamnus esquirolii H.Lév.
- Rhamnus fallax Boiss.
- Rhamnus flavescens Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou
- Rhamnus formosana Matsum.
- Rhamnus fulvotincta F.P.Metcalf
- Rhamnus × gayeri Kárpáti ex Soó
- Rhamnus gilgiana Heppeler
- Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton
- Rhamnus glaucophylla Sommier
- Rhamnus globosa Bunge
- Rhamnus grandiflora C.Y.Wu
- Rhamnus grubovii I.M.Turner
- Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun
- Rhamnus hemsleyana C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv.
- Rhamnus hirtella Boiss.
- Rhamnus hupehensis C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus imeretina J.R.Booth ex G.Kirchn.
- Rhamnus infectoria L.
- Rhamnus integrifolia DC.
- Rhamnus × intermedia Steud. & Hochst.
- Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudô
- Rhamnus iteinophylla C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
- Rhamnus javanica Miq.
- Rhamnus kanagusukii Makino
- Rhamnus kayacikii Yalt. & P.H.Davis
- Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen.
- Rhamnus kwangsiensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou
- Rhamnus lamprophylla C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh
- Rhamnus laoshanensis D.K.Zang
- Rhamnus ledermannii Lauterb.
- Rhamnus leptacantha C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus leptophylla C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus libanotica Boiss.
- Rhamnus liboensis Y.F.Deng
- Rhamnus liukiuensis (E.H.Wilson) Koidz.
- Rhamnus lojaconoi Raimondo
- Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat
- Rhamnus lycioides L.
- Rhamnus maximovicziana J.J.Vassil.
- Rhamnus microcarpa Boiss.
- Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl.
- Rhamnus minnanensis K.M.Li
- Rhamnus mollis Merr.
- Rhamnus mongolica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao
- Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk.
- Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata
- Rhamnus napalensis (Wall.) M.A.Lawson
- Rhamnus nigrescens Lauterb.
- Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz.
- Rhamnus ninglangensis Y.L.Chen
- Rhamnus nitida P.H.Davis
- Rhamnus oleoides L.
- Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
- Rhamnus papuana Lauterb.
- Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge
- Rhamnus pentapomica R.Parker
- Rhamnus persica Boiss.
- Rhamnus persicifolia Moris
- Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa
- Rhamnus philippinensis C.B.Rob.
- Rhamnus pichleri C.K.Schneid. & Bornm.
- Rhamnus pilushanensis Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang
- Rhamnus × pissjaukovae O.A.Popova
- Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér.
- Rhamnus procumbens Edgew.
- Rhamnus prunifolia Sm.
- Rhamnus pulogensis Merr.
- Rhamnus pumila Turra
- Rhamnus punctata Boiss.
- Rhamnus purandharensis Bhandari & Bhansali
- Rhamnus purpurea Edgew.
- Rhamnus pyrella O.Schwarz
- Rhamnus qianweiensis Z.Y.Zhu
- Rhamnus rhodopea Velen.
- Rhamnus rosei M.C.Johnst. & L.A.Johnst.
- Rhamnus rosthornii E.Pritz.
- Rhamnus rugulosa Hemsl.
- Rhamnus sargentiana C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq.
- Rhamnus schlechteri Lauterb.
- Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) Kamelin
- Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet
- Rhamnus serrata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
- Rhamnus sibthorpiana Schult.
- Rhamnus smithii Greene
- Rhamnus songorica Gontsch.
- Rhamnus spathulifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- Rhamnus staddo A.Rich.
- Rhamnus standleyana C.B.Wolf
- Rhamnus subapetala Merr.
- Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl.
- Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb.
- Rhamnus tangutica J.J.Vassil.
- Rhamnus taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) H.Lév.
- Rhamnus thymifolia Bornm.
- Rhamnus tonkinensis Pit.
- Rhamnus tortuosa Sommier & Levier
- Rhamnus triquetra (Wall.) Brandis
- Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou
- Rhamnus utilis Decne.
- Rhamnus velutina Boiss.
- Rhamnus virgata Roxb.
- Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn.
- Rhamnus wilsonii C.K.Schneid.
- Rhamnus × woloszczakii Kárpáti
- Rhamnus wumingensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou
- Rhamnus xizangensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou
- Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino
- Alaternus Mill.
- Ampeloplis Raf.
- Apetlorhamnus Nieuwl.
- Apetlothamnus Nieuwl. ex Lunell
- Aspidocarpus Neck.
- Atadinus Raf.
- Atulandra Raf.
- Cardiolepis Raf.
- Cervispina Ludw.
- Endotropis Raf.
- Forgerouxa Neck.
- Girtanneria Neck.
- Hettlingeria Neck.
- Lithoplis Raf.
- Oreoherzogia W.Vent
- Rhamnos St.-Lag.
- × Rhamzogia W.Vent
- Sciadophila Phil.
- Ventia Hauenschild
Rhamnus L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buchanan-Hamilton, F. [Cat. no. s.n.], India | K001132931 | Yes |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 193 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6 Scientific Data 8: 215.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Suessenguth in E. & P. Pflanzenfam. 20D: 59 (1953).
- —F.T.A. 1: 381
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 89 (1754).
- Sp. Pl. 1: 193 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 2, (1999) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 89 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 193 (1753)
-
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0