Family:
Lamiaceae Martinov

Clinopodium L.

This genus is accepted, and its native range is Temp. & Subtropical to Tropical Mountains.

[LKGF]

Harley, R.M. et al. (2004). Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Morphology General Habit
Perennial, rarely annual herbs and shrubs, aromatic, with simple or branched hairs
Morphology Leaves
Leaves petiolate to subsessile, simple, variously toothed or entire, margin sometimes revolute
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence of axillary cymes, these sometimes reduced to solitary flowers or merging to form a terminal, paniculiform to spiciform, verticillastrate, or subcapitate thyrse
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx actinomorphic to 2-lipped, not accrescent, usually cylindrical to tubular-campanulate, straight to sigmoid, sometimes gibbous, usually 13-(11-, 15-) nerved, 5-lobed, lobes often upcurved, posterior 3 often partially fused to form a lip, anterior 2 u
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla white to blue, lavender, red, or orange (rarely yellow), 2-lipped (2/3), posterior lip usually notched, tube straight or curved
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens usually 4 (rarely the posterior pair reduced to staminodes), didynamous, included or exserted, filaments usually glabrous, thecae parallel to divaricate, separate at dehiscence
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
Stigma lobes equal or unequal
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
Disc usually symmetrical
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlets ellipsoid to ovoid, obloid, obovoid, or subglobose, often somewhat trigonal, smooth or minutely sculptured, glabrous or puberulent.
Note
2n = 10-72 (most frequently 18 or 20).  About 100 species As delimited here, Clinopodium includes most of the native New World species of Satureja sensu Epling and Játiva (1964, 1966), see Cantino and Wagstaff (1998).
Distribution
Mostly in the New World (both temperate and tropical) and temperate Eurasia, but a few in Africa, tropical Asia and Indomalaysia.

[FTEA]

Lamiaceae (Labiatae), A.J. Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R.M. Polhill, Y.B. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P.B. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C.W. Lukhoba, D.F. Otieno, & R.M. Harley. Clinopodium, O Ryding. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2009

Morphology General Habit
Perennial, aromatic herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs
Morphology Leaves
Leaves opposite, toothed or sometimes entire, not thickened
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence thyrsoid or sometimes with the cymes reduced to single flowers; bracts ± similar to the ordinary leaves but gradually smaller upwards in the inflorescences; bracteoles present
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx 5-lobed, hardly accrescent, slightly zygomorphic to strongly 2-lipped; tube (11–)13(–15)-veined, mostly hairy inside near the mouth; posterior lip 3-lobed; anterior lip 2-lobed, divided to the base, with narrower lobes
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla 2-lipped; posterior lip emarginate, entire or sometimes 4-toothed; anterior lip almost flat, 3-lobed
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 4, or upper pair reduced to staminodes, sometimes sterile in female flowers, ascending under the posterior corolla lip; thecae divaricate to parallel, often separated by a short connective
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary deeply 4-lobed, style gynobasic, branches subequal or lower branch much longer
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlets ± trigonal, matt, usually with a ± distinct areole at the scar, apex rounded to acuminate.
Note
In most other Floras and systematic works, the tropical African species of Clinopodium are included in the genus Satureja. With new generic concepts, Satureja sensu stricto is not known from tropical Africa.

[FSOM]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit
Small shrubs, subshrubs or herbs
Morphology Leaves
Leaves dentate or sometimes entire, margin flat or revolute but not thickened
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences thyrse-like (in Somali species), rather lax; bracts similar to the leaves; cymes (1–)several-flowered; bracteoles small
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx 5-lobed with subequal lobes (in Somalia) or distinctly 2-lipped with a 3-lobed upper lip and a 2-lobed lower lip, (11–)13(–15)-ribbed
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla 2-lipped; tube straight; upper lip almost flat, emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Anthers
Anthers parallel (in Somali species) or usually divaricate
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
Style-branches almost equally long (in Somalia) or lower branch mostly distinctly longer
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlets narrowly ellipsoid, with a ± distinct areole at the scar.
Distribution
A subcosmopolitan genus with about 150 species.

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Bahamas, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil South, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burundi, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Netherlands, New Guinea, New Mexico, New York, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Somalia, South Carolina, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Arizona, Bermuda, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Iowa, Magadan, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode I., Trinidad-Tobago, Utah, Vermont, Washington

Clinopodium L. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Tweedie, E.M. [811], Kenya Calamintha 2733.000 No
Jones [4467], Ethiopia Calamintha 60203.000 No

First published in Sp. Pl.: 587 (1753)

Accepted by

  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Ryding, O. (2006). Revision of Clinopodium simense group (Labiatae) Kew Bulletin 61: 419-432.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (2011). Clinopodium L. (Lamiaceae) in Bolivia Kew Bulletin 66: 199-226.

Literature

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by O. Ryding [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Gen. Pl., ed. 5.: 256 (1754)
  • J.L.S. 150: 391–408 (2006)
  • K.B. 61: 419–432 (2006)
  • Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 7: 241 (2004)
  • Sp. Pl.: 587 (1753)

Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets

  • Cantino & Wagstaff, Brittonia 50: 63-70 (1998)
  • Clinopodium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 587 (1753)
  • Harley & Granda Paucar, Kew Bull. 55: 917-927 (2000).
  • Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev AL, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, de Kok RPJ, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton AJ, Ryding O, and Upson T. 2004. Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Sp
  • L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 256 (1754)

  • Flora of Somalia

    Flora of Somalia
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets

    Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley and Don Kirkup, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0