- Family:
- Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart.
Strychnos L.

[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Shrubs or trees, sometimes climbing with curled tendrils, or with spines
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite or sometimes in threes, entire, mostly distinctly 3-nerved from the base, ± leathery, usually darker and more shiny above; stipules an often ciliate rim connecting the petiole-bases
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Flowers 4–5-merous, in few- to many-flowered inflorescences
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx ± deeply lobed, sometimes to the base
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla usually white to yellowish or greenish; lobes valvate in bud
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens exserted or included
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary (1–)2-celled, each cell with 2–many ovules
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a globose or subglobose berry with thin to ± hard wall; pulp fleshy and juicy
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds flattened to subglobose.
- Distribution
- Genus of some 200 species, pantropical.
[FTEA]
Loganiaceae, E. A. Bruce and J. Lewis. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1960
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs, sometimes scrambling or climbing with spines or hooked tendrils
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves decussate, entire, 3–7-nerved from near the base; stipules absent or represented by an interpetiolar ridge
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Cymes axillary or terminal, simple or panicled
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx 4- or 5-lobed, sometimes very deeply
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla campanulate or salver-shaped; lobes 4 or 5, valvate in the bud
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 4 or 5; filaments short but anthers usually exserted
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Ovary 2-locular; style moderately long, undivided; stigma usually capitate; ovules few to many
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a drupe or a berry with a hard rind
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds few to numerous, flattened or globose; endosperm copious and hard; embryo small.
[FZ]
Loganiaceae, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg. Flora Zambesiaca 7:1. 1983
- Morphology General Habit
- Erect or climbing shrubs, lianas, or trees. Trees: usually less than 10 m. high (savanna spp.), 10–35(40) m. (forest spp.); trunk 10–100 cm. in diam.; without tendrils, often with arching branches (iS. usambarensis, S. xantha). Lianas with curled tendrils, solitary or arranged in 1–3 pairs above each other on short branches, in the axils of small bracts or — only if solitary — sometimes in the axils of ordinary leaves.
- Morphology Stem
- Branches armed with axillary or sometimes terminal simple straight or slightly recurved spines, unarmed, often lenticellate, rarely corky; branchlets terete, quadrangular, sometimes sulcate, especially when dry. Wood mostly hard, usually with bark–islets; bark mostly thin, smooth or less often rough, in lianas often with large lenticels, sometimes thick and corky (S. cocculoides).
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules mostly reduced to an often ciliate and straight rim connecting the petiole–bases.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, sometimes decussate, or on the main axis sometimes ternate, those of a pair or whorl equal or subequal, petiolate or sometimes subsessile, mostly inserted on distinct leaf–cushions; blade variously shaped, orbicular to narrowly elliptic, mostly coriaceous, in the shade thinner, often larger, and more acute at the apex, entire; with 1–2(3) pairs of distinct secondary veins from or from above the base curved along the margin, usually not fully reaching the apex, anastomosing with the other veins or less often pinnately veined.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence terminal, axillary, or both, thyrsoid, 1–many–flowered, shorter or longer than the leaves, lax or congested, sometimes sessile.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers 4–5–merous, actinomorphic or with only sepals unequal.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx: sepals green or coloured approximately like the corolla, free or connate up to one–half of their length, equal, subequal, or sometimes unequal, imbricate, orbicular to linear, outside hairy or glabrous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla rotate to salver–shaped, white to yellowish, greenish, pale green, or rarely orange or ochraceous, thin at the base, always more or less thickened towards the lobes, on both sides variously hairy, papillose, or glabrous, but inside at the base always glabrous, sometimes with a corona at the mouth; lobes valvate in the bud, triangular to oblong, acute or subacute, entire, erect to recurved.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens exserted or included, inserted at the mouth of or in the corolla tube; filaments glabrous or sometimes hairy; anthers introrse, orbicular to narrowly oblong, cordate, deeply so, or less often sagittate at the base.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Pistil: ovary 2– or rarely 1–celled (S. mellodora, S. spinosa); stigma capitate, less often obscurely bilobed, or occasionally conical.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary Placenta
- In a one–celled ovary one basal placenta which is mostly globose, with few (S. mellodora) or many ovules (S. spinosa). In each cell of a 2–celled ovary one axial placenta with 2 to about 50 ovules, attached to the middle of the septum.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a berry, 1–2–celled, globose or nearly so, mostly yellow to red, less often green when mature, sometimes blue–black (S. potatorum), immature often glaucous, glabrous, subtended by the persisting calyx, 0·8–18 cm. in diameter, 1–45–seeded. Pulp juicy, fleshy, often edible (S. cocculoides, S. madagascariensis, S. pungens, S. spinosa, and also in some small–fruited species). Wall thin and soft in small fruits, thicker and brittle in (mature) larger (very hard in nearly mature!!).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Testa thick and osseous to very thin and membranaceous, rough and scabrid–pubescent (only when thick) or smooth and sericeous to glabrous. Seeds large, 0·5–3(5) cm. long, variably shaped, generally disc–shaped to subglobose. Endosperm horny, slightly diaphanous.
- Morphology General Colleters
- Sometimes some colleters above the bracts, on the base of the sepals, and near the base of the petioles.
Native to:
Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Santa Cruz Is., Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Western Australia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Florida, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles
- Strychnos aculeata Soler.
- Strychnos acuta Progel
- Strychnos aenea A.W.Hill
- Strychnos afzelii Gilg
- Strychnos alvimiana Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos amazonica Krukoff
- Strychnos andamanensis A.W.Hill
- Strychnos angolensis Gilg
- Strychnos angustiflora Benth.
- Strychnos araguaensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos asperula Sprague & Sandwith
- Strychnos asterantha Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos atlantica Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos axillaris Colebr.
- Strychnos bahiensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos barnhartiana Krukoff
- Strychnos barteri Soler.
- Strychnos benthamii C.B.Clarke
- Strychnos bicolor Progel
- Strychnos bifurcata Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos boonei De Wild.
- Strychnos borneensis Leenh.
- Strychnos brachiata Ruiz & Pav.
- Strychnos brachistantha Standl.
- Strychnos brasiliensis (Spreng.) Mart.
- Strychnos bredemeyeri (Schult.) Sprague & Sandwith
- Strychnos campicola Gilg ex Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos camptoneura Gilg & Busse
- Strychnos canthioides Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos castelnaeana Baill.
- Strychnos cathayensis Merr.
- Strychnos cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos cerradoensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos chlorantha Progel
- Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos chrysophylla Gilg
- Strychnos cocculoides Baker
- Strychnos cogens Benth.
- Strychnos colombiensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos congolana Gilg
- Strychnos coriacea Thwaites
- Strychnos croatii Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos cuminodora Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos cuniculina Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos curtisii King & Gamble
- Strychnos daclacensis C.K.Tran
- Strychnos dale De Wild.
- Strychnos dalzellii C.B.Clarke
- Strychnos dantaensis Manoel, Carrijo & E.F.Guim.
- Strychnos darienensis Seem.
- Strychnos davidsei Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gilg
- Strychnos densiflora Baill.
- Strychnos diaboli Sandwith
- Strychnos dinhensis Pierre ex Dop
- Strychnos dinklagei Gilg
- Strychnos diplotricha Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos divaricans Ducke
- Strychnos dolichothyrsa Gilg ex Onochie & Hepper
- Strychnos duckei Krukoff & Monach.
- Strychnos ecuadoriensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos elaeocarpa Gilg ex Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos erichsonii R.H.Schomb. ex Progel
- Strychnos eugeniifolia Monach.
- Strychnos fallax Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos fendleri Sprague & Sandwith
- Strychnos flavescens King & Gamble
- Strychnos floribunda Gilg
- Strychnos froesii Ducke
- Strychnos fulvotomentosa Gilg
- Strychnos gardneri A.DC.
- Strychnos gerrardii N.E.Br.
- Strychnos glabra Sagot ex Progel
- Strychnos gnetifolia Gilg ex Onochie & Hepper
- Strychnos goiasensis Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos gossweileri Exell
- Strychnos grayi Griseb.
- Strychnos gubleri G.Planch.
- Strychnos guianensis (Aubl.) Mart.
- Strychnos henningsii Gilg
- Strychnos hirsuta Spruce ex Benth.
- Strychnos icaja Baill.
- Strychnos ignatii Bergius
- Strychnos innocua Delile
- Strychnos jacarepiensis Manoel & E.F.Guim.
- Strychnos javariensis Krukoff
- Strychnos jobertiana Baill.
- Strychnos johnsonii Hutch. & M.B.Moss
- Strychnos kasengaensis De Wild.
- Strychnos krukoffiana Ducke
- Strychnos lanata A.W.Hill
- Strychnos ledermannii Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Strychnos leenhoutsii Tirel
- Strychnos lobelioides Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos longicaudata Gilg
- Strychnos lucens Baker
- Strychnos lucida R.Br.
- Strychnos luzonensis Elmer
- Strychnos madagascariensis Poir.
- Strychnos maingayi C.B.Clarke
- Strychnos malacoclados C.H.Wright
- Strychnos malacosperma Ducke & Fróes
- Strychnos malchairii De Wild.
- Strychnos matopensis S.Moore
- Strychnos mattogrossensis S.Moore
- Strychnos medeola Sagot ex Progel
- Strychnos melanocarpa Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Strychnos melastomatoides Gilg
- Strychnos melinoniana Baill.
- Strychnos mellodora S.Moore
- Strychnos memecyloides S.Moore
- Strychnos millepunctata Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos mimfiensis Gilg ex Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos minor Dennst.
- Strychnos mitis S.Moore
- Strychnos mitscherlichii M.R.Schomb.
- Strychnos moandaensis De Wild.
- Strychnos mostueoides Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos myrioneura Gilg
- Strychnos myrtoides Gilg & Busse
- Strychnos nana E.S.Brandão
- Strychnos narcondamensis A.W.Hill
- Strychnos ndengensis Pellegr.
- Strychnos neglecta Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos ngouniensis Pellegr.
- Strychnos nicaraguensis Huft
- Strychnos nigricans Progel
- Strychnos nigritana Baker
- Strychnos nitida G.Don
- Strychnos nux-blanda A.W.Hill
- Strychnos nux-vomica L.
- Strychnos odorata A.Chev.
- Strychnos oiapocensis Fróes
- Strychnos oleifolia A.W.Hill
- Strychnos ovata A.W.Hill
- Strychnos pachycarpa Ducke
- Strychnos panamensis Seem.
- Strychnos panganensis Gilg
- Strychnos parviflora Spruce ex Benth.
- Strychnos parvifolia A.DC.
- Strychnos peckii B.L.Rob.
- Strychnos penninervis A.Chev.
- Strychnos pentantha Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos phaeotricha Gilg
- Strychnos poeppigii Progel
- Strychnos polyantha Pierre ex Dop
- Strychnos polytrichantha Gilg
- Strychnos potatorum L.f.
- Strychnos progeliana Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos pseudoquina A.St.-Hil.
- Strychnos psilosperma F.Muell.
- Strychnos puberula McPherson
- Strychnos pubescens C.B.Clarke
- Strychnos pubiflora Krukoff
- Strychnos pungens Soler.
- Strychnos ramentifera Ducke
- Strychnos recognita Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos retinervis Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos ridleyi King & Gamble
- Strychnos romeu-belenii Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce ex Benth.
- Strychnos rubiginosa A.DC.
- Strychnos rufa C.B.Clarke
- Strychnos rupicola Pierre ex Dop
- Strychnos samba P.A.Duvign.
- Strychnos sandwithiana Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos scheffleri Gilg
- Strychnos schultesiana Krukoff
- Strychnos schunkei Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos setosa Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos solerederi Gilg
- Strychnos solimoesana Krukoff
- Strychnos sonlaensis C.K.Tran
- Strychnos soubrensis Hutch. & Dalziel
- Strychnos spinosa Lam.
- Strychnos splendens Gilg
- Strychnos staudtii Gilg
- Strychnos subcordata Spruce ex Benth.
- Strychnos tabascana Sprague & Sandwith
- Strychnos talbotiae S.Moore
- Strychnos tarapotensis Sprague & Sandwith
- Strychnos tchibangensis Pellegr.
- Strychnos ternata Gilg ex Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos tetragona A.W.Hill
- Strychnos thorelii Pierre ex Dop
- Strychnos tomentosa Benth.
- Strychnos torresiana Krukoff & Monach.
- Strychnos toxifera R.H.Schomb. ex Lindl.
- Strychnos tricalysioides Hutch. & M.B.Moss
- Strychnos trichocalyx A.W.Hill
- Strychnos trichoneura Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart.
- Strychnos tseasnum Krukoff & Barneby
- Strychnos umbellata (Lour.) Merr.
- Strychnos urceolata Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos usambarensis Gilg ex Engl.
- Strychnos vanprukii Craib
- Strychnos variabilis De Wild.
- Strychnos villosa A.W.Hill
- Strychnos vitiensis A.W.Hill
- Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex A.DC.
- Strychnos xantha Leeuwenb.
- Strychnos xylophylla Gilg
- Strychnos zenkeri Gilg ex Baker
Strychnos L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apr 4, 2017 | Lobão, A.Q. [128], Brazil | K001062987 | Yes | ||
Apr 4, 2017 | Forzza, R.C. [4821], Brazil | K001062990 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 2008 | Luke, W.R.Q. [9571], Kenya | K000438761 | No | ||
Jan 1, 2008 | Luke, W.R.Q. [10485], Tanzania | K000438762 | No | ||
Greenway, P.J. [8010], Congo, DRC | 11157.000 | No | |||
Harris, D.J. [2331], Central African Republic | 60054.000 | No | |||
Harris, D.J. [2571], Cameroon | 63050.000 | No | |||
Harris, D.J. [1184], Central African Republic | 63391.000 | No | |||
Harris, D.J. [2618], Central African Republic | 63734.000 | No | |||
Gartlan, J.S. [26], Cameroon | 7383.000 | No | |||
Timberlake, J. [4914], Mozambique | K000545264 | No | |||
Botelho, R.M. [72], Brazil | K001062985 | Yes | |||
Heringer, E.P. [5775], Brazil | K001062995 | Yes | |||
Nee, M. [42550], Brazil | K001062988 | Yes | |||
Menezes, B.H. [23], Brazil | K001062986 | Yes | |||
Mori, S.A. [18609], French Guiana | K001062992 | Yes | |||
Lima, H.C. de [2910], Brazil | K001062993 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 7500] | K001127412 | Yes | |||
Letouzey, R. [13550], Cameroon | K000028408 | No | |||
Atkins, S. [PCD4665], Brazil | K001062982 | Yes | |||
Prance, G.T. [18828], Brazil | K001062996 | Yes | |||
Gartlan, J.S. [26], Cameroon | K000028409 | No | |||
Souza, J.P. [9184], Brazil | K001062991 | Yes | |||
Lima, H.C. de [2902], Brazil | K001062994 | Yes | |||
Pollard, B.J. [546], Cameroon | 76133.000 | No | |||
Farney, C. [3283], Brazil | K001062984 | Yes | |||
Lima, H.C. de [2841], Brazil | K001062983 | Yes | |||
Araujo, M.H.T. [317], Brazil | K001062989 | Yes |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 189 (1753)
Accepted by
- Aké Assi, L. (2001). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. I Boissiera 57: 1-396.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Duvigneaud in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 85: 9 (1952)
- E. A. Bruce in Kew Bull. 10: 35, 127 (1955), 627 (1956), 11: 153, 267 (1956)
- —F.T.A. 4, 1: 517
Flora Zambesiaca
- Sp. Pl. 1: 189 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 3, (2006) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
- Leeuwenberg in Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 69(1): 1–316 (1969).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Duvign. in B.S.B.B. 85: 9 (1952)
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 86 (1754)
- Solered. in E. & P. Pf. 4 (2): 37 (1892)
- Sp. Pl.: 179 (1753)
-
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
Copyright applied to individual images