- Family: Caprifoliaceae Juss.
Valerianella Mill.
[FTEA]
Valerianaceae, J. O. Kokwaro (East African Herbarium). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1968
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual (or biennial) herbs with dichasial branching, appearing dichotomous, but the terminal bud abortive in the lower branches, glabrous or pubescent
- Morphology Leaves
- Radical leaves sometimes forming a rosette, entire, petiolate to nearly sessile, undivided or dentate; cauline leaves often toothed, sometimes entire, connate, rarely incised-pinnatifid
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a terminal, usually dichasial cyme subtended by lanceolate to oblong connate bracts
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers sessile, solitary, hermaphrodite (or unisexual), in the axils of lanceolate to oblong connate bracteoles
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx-limb often short or obsolete during flowering state, becoming hardened or variously enlarged in fruit, erect, spreading or globose-inflated, regular or oblique, entire or 3–6-toothed, 3-horned or divided into recurved or hooked rigid awns, never plumose-setose
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla funnel-shaped, narrowly campanulate or tubular, attenuated at the base, regular or sometimes gibbous, never spurred; limb 5-fid, spreading
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 3, inserted towards the top of the corolla-tube, exserted; anthers 4-lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Style shortly or minutely 3-fid at the apex; stigma simple or shortly 3-lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit an achene, oblanceolate to spathulate, glabrous to pubescent, 1-seeded, 3-locular, the 2 abaxial locules empty and ordinarily with a distinct groove between them.
[FIQ]
Ghazanfar, S. A. & Edmondson, J. R (Eds). (2014) Flora of Iraq, Volume 5 Part 2: Lythraceae to Campanulaceae.
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual herbs, erect, glabrous or hairy, dichasially branched
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, basal entire or sinuate-dentate ± sessile, upper leaves with few distinct teeth at base
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers small, in head-like cymes, sometimes also solitary in forks of branches, white or pink
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx limb sometimes lacking or nearly so, often dentate or crown-like but never with feathery pappus
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla funnel-shaped, without spur, 5-lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 3
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit an achene, 3-locular, with one fertile and two sterile cells.
- Note
- For accurate identification, fruiting material is necessary. The most reliable characters (observed through lens) are the shape of the calyx limb and the transverse section of fruits. Valerianella (from Valeriana, q.v. and -ella, diminutive suffix).
- Distribution
- About 80 species, mainly in the Mediterranean region. Fifteen species in Iraq, distributed mainly in the northern part of the country.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Azores, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya
- Valerianella abyssinica Fresen.
- Valerianella adylovii M.N.Abdull.
- Valerianella aksaensis M.N.Abdull.
- Valerianella amblyotis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen.
- Valerianella anodon Lincz.
- Valerianella antilibanotica Rech.f.
- Valerianella balansae V.A.Matthews
- Valerianella chlorodonta Coss. & Durieu
- Valerianella chlorostephana Boiss. & Balansa
- Valerianella corniculata C.A.Mey.
- Valerianella cymbaecarpa C.A.Mey.
- Valerianella dactylophylla Boiss. & Hohen.
- Valerianella deserticola Hadac
- Valerianella falconida Shvedtsch.
- Valerianella glomerata Boiss. & Balansa
- Valerianella kulabensis Lipsky ex Lincz.
- Valerianella leiocarpa (K.Koch) Kuntze
- Valerianella leptocarpa Pomel
- Valerianella multidentata Loscos & J.Pardo
- Valerianella muricata (Steven ex M.Bieb.) W.H.Baxter
- Valerianella orientalis (Schltdl.) Boiss. & Balansa
- Valerianella ovczinnikovii Sharipova
- Valerianella petrovichii Asch.
- Valerianella platycarpa Trautv.
- Valerianella pomelii Batt.
- Valerianella stephanodon Coss. & Durieu
- Valerianella triceras Bornm.
- Valerianella turcica Dogru-Koca & G.Zare
- Valerianella turkestanica Regel & Schmalh.
- Valerianella varzobica Sharipova
- Valerianella vvedenskyi Lincz.
Valerianella Mill. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4: s.p. (1754)
Accepted by
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1976). Flora Europaea 4: 1-505. Cambridge University Press.
Literature
Flora of Iraq
- Mill, Gard. Dict., abr. ed. 4 (1754)
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Gard. Dict., Abridg. Ed. 4 [without pagination] (1754)
Flora of Iraq
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0