- Family:
- Rutaceae Juss.
Citrus L.
[FZ]
Rutaceae, F. A. Mendoça. Flora Zambesiaca 2:1. 1963
- Morphology General Habit
- Small trees or shrubs.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves 1-foliolate, with winged rhachis.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers bisexual, (4) 5-merous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens numerous, in phalanges.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary (4) 5-many-locular; loculi 4–8-ovulate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a large globose or ovoid or obovoid hesperidium, many-seeded and usually composed of numerous carpels.
- Note
- No indigenous species of Citrus are found in our area but some of the cultivated species (especially C. limon (L.) Burm. f. and C. aurantium L.) may become naturalized. Dr. G. R. Bates has kindly provided the appended note on the cultivation of Citrus in the Federation.
[FTEA]
Rutaceae, J.O. Kokwaro (University of Nairobi). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1982
- Morphology General Habit
- Small evergreen shrubs or trees up to 10 m. high
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves unifoliolate, with articulation between leaflet and petiole (except in C. medica); petiole normally winged
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers single or in small clusters in leaf-axils, bisexual; calyx cup-shaped, 3–5-lobed; petals 4–8, normally 5, white; stamens numerous (20–40), in groups
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary with 8–15 united carpels; locules 4–8-ovulate, with axile placentation
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a large globose, ovoid or obovoid berry known as a hesperidium, usually composed of many carpels, many-seeded.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Evergreen shrubs or trees; axillary spines usually present
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves 1-foliolate, usually with petiole winged and articulated at the tip, gland-dotted
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers usually bisexual, axillary, sometimes clustered, fragrant
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx 3–5-lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals (4–)5(–8), white
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 20–60, in bundles
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary of 8–18 united carpels, each cell with 4–8 axile ovules
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a leathery-skinned berry known as a “hesperidium”, segmented and filled with inflated hair-cells full of juice.
- Distribution
- Cultivated
- Note
- Some 16 species of Asian origin, most of which may be ancient apomictic hybrids. The taxonomy of the genus is complex and confusing and new hybrids are continuously being produced also involving species in other genera.
[FSOM]
- Use
- The citrus fruits are of great economic importance, but in Somalia only grapefruit, lemon and lime are grown to any larger extent.
Native to:
Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Japan, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., South Australia, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya
Introduced into:
Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arkansas, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Bulgaria, California, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central American Pac, Chad, Christmas I., Colombia, Comoros, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Galápagos, Gambia, Georgia, Gilbert Is., Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Honduras, Illinois, India, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Korea, Leeward Is., Libya, Line Is., Louisiana, Madeira, Marianas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Southeast, Mississippi, Missouri, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Niue, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oman, Pakistan, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Romania, Réunion, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Socotra, Somalia, South Carolina, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tadzhikistan, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tunisia, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Virginia, West Virginia, Windward Is.
- Citrus assamensis R.M.Dutta & Bhattacharya
- Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle
- Citrus × aurantium L.
- Citrus australasica F.Muell.
- Citrus australis (Mudie) Planch.
- Citrus cavaleriei H.Lév. ex Cavalerie
- Citrus deliciosa Ten.
- Citrus garrawayae F.M.Bailey
- Citrus glauca (Lindl.) Burkill
- Citrus gracilis Mabb.
- Citrus halimii B.C.Stone
- Citrus hystrix DC.
- Citrus indica Yu.Tanaka
- Citrus inodora F.M.Bailey
- Citrus japonica Thunb.
- Citrus khasya Markovitch
- Citrus latipes (Swingle) Yu.Tanaka
- Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck
- Citrus lucida (Scheff.) Mabb.
- Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
- Citrus medica L.
- Citrus neocaledonica Guillaumin
- Citrus oxanthera Beauvis.
- Citrus polyandra Yu.Tanaka
- Citrus × polytrifolia Govaerts
- Citrus swinglei Burkill ex Harms
- Citrus trifoliata L.
- Citrus undulata Guillaumin
- Citrus wakonai P.I.Forst. & M.W.Sm.
- Citrus warburgina F.M.Bailey
- Citrus wintersii Mabb.
- Aurantium Mill.
- Citreum Mill.
- × Citrofortunella J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore
- × Citroncirus J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore
- Citrophorum Neck.
- Eremocitrus Swingle
- Feroniella Swingle
- Fortunella Swingle
- Limon Mill.
- Microcitrus Swingle
- Oxanthera Montrouz.
- Papeda Hassk.
- Pleurocitrus Tanaka
- Poncirus Raf.
- Pseudaegle Miq.
- Sarcodactilis C.F.Gaertn.
Citrus L. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Sp. Pl.: 782 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
- Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Literature
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 341 (1754).
- Sp. Pl. 2: 782 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 2, (1999) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
- Swingle, The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives, in Webber & Batchelor, The Citrus Industry 1: 129–474 (1943)
- Tanaka, Species problems in Citrus, Revisio Aurantiacearum IX (1954)
- Townsend in Flora of Iraq 4(1): 465–473 (1980).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 341 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 782 (1753)
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Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0