Myriophyllum Ponted. ex L.

[FIQ]

Ghazanfar, S. A. & Edmondson, J. R (Eds). (2014) Flora of Iraq, Volume 5 Part 2: Lythraceae to Campanulaceae.

Morphology General Habit: Perennial rhizomatous herbs, aquatic (or occasionally growing on wet mud), only inflorescence usually appearing above the water surface
Morphology Leaves: Leaves verticillate in whorls of 3–6, pinnately divided into simple, narrowly linear or capillary segments, rarely (not in Iraq) opposite or alternate; bracts sometimes simple, entire or toothed, more frequently similar to the leaves but smaller
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers: Flowers commonly sessile and solitary in axils of bracts, more rarely in few-flowered axillary clusters, polygamous or monoecious, rarely dioecious, upper flowers usually male and lower female, with intermediate flowers hermaphrodite
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth: Perianth biseriate, tetramerous, or rarely calyx obsolete
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx: Sepals small, minute in female flowers
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla: Petals of male flowers concave, caducous, those of female flowers minute or absent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens: Stamens in one or two series of 4; anemophilous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary: Ovary 4-locular; styles 4, short; stigmas capitate
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits: Fruit a schizocarp of 1-seeded nutlets.
Distribution: A cosmopolitan genus of about 45 species: 2 species in Iraq.

[FTEA]

Haloragaceae, R. Boutique (Jardin botanique national de Belgique) and B. Verdcourt (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1973

Morphology General Habit: Perennial, rarely annual, aquatic herbs, either free-floating or with rhizomes rooted in the bottom; foliage submerged, apart from the inflorescences (except in unusual terrestrial forms)
Morphology Leaves: Leaves in whorls of 3–6, or aerial ones whorled, opposite or alternate, without stipules or with 1(–3) filiform to subulate deciduous stipule-like outgrowths; submerged ones pinnately divided into unbranched capillary segments; aerial ones sometimes simple, toothed or entire
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers: Flowers in leafy or bracteate terminal spikes or only in the lower axils, ± sessile, polygamous or monoecious, rarely dioecious, the upper flowers commonly ♂, the lower ♀; bracteoles 2, often very inconspicuous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx: Calyx inconspicuous, of 4 small lobes in the ♂ flowers, minute in the ♀ flowers
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla: Corolla of 2–4 boat-shaped deciduous petals in the ♂ flowers, minute or absent in the ♀ flowers.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens: Stamens usually 8 or sometimes 1, 2, 4 or 6, absent in ♀ flowers
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil: Ovary 2–4-locular, 4-ovuled, ± 4-sulcate, reduced or absent in ♂ flowers; style very short or absent; stigmas 2 or 4, subsessile, oblong, recurved, persistent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits: Fruit separating into 1-seeded nutlets, usually 4 or sometimes fewer by abortion; pericarp often ± tuberculate
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds: Seeds pendulous, oblong-cylindric, with a membranous testa and copious endosperm.

[FZ]

Haloragaceae, E. J. Mendes. Flora Zambesiaca 4. 1978

Morphology General Habit: Glabrous, mostly perennial, usually aquatic herbs, sometimes growing on mud.
Morphology Stem: Stems free-floating or with rooted rhizomes, mostly branched.
Morphology Leaves: Submerged leaves in whorls of 3–6 and always pinnatisect into undivided segments; aerial leaves whorled, opposite or alternate, often dentate or entire or bract-like; stipules absent; leaf-bases often accompanied by 1–3 filiform to subulate, deciduous, stipule-like outgrowths.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers: Flowers mostly sessile, 1 or 2 in the axil of a leaf or bract in terminal, emergent spikes or solitary in the lower leaf-axils, bisexual or unisexual, monoecious or sometimes polygamous (the upper flowers commonly male, the lower female, sometimes with hermaphrodite ones in between), rarely dioecious; bracteoles 2, often inconspicuous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx: Calyx of 4 small lobes in male flowers, minute in female.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla: Petals in male flowers 2 or 4, cucullate, caducous, in female minute or absent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium: Stamens (2–7)8 or 1; staminodes absent in female flowers.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium: Gynoecium 2–4-locular, rudimentary or absent in male flowers; styles 2 or 4, very short or absent; stigmas 2 or 4, subsessile or sessile, persistent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits: Fruit separating into 4 (or fewer by abortion) 1-seeded nutlets.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds: Seeds pendulous; testa membranous; endosperm copious.

Doubtfully present in:

Angola, Guyana

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Amur, Antipodean Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, Free State, French Guiana, Føroyar, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hainan, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Macquarie Is., Madagascar, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nicaragua, North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Hawaii, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madeira