- Family:
- Araceae Juss.
Homalomena Schott
[CATE]
CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011. araceae.e-monocot.org
- General Description
- HABIT : evergreen, usually aromatic (anise-scented) herbs, stem shortly aerial, more rarely arborescent or hypogeal. LEAVES : several, rarely distichous ( H. geniculata , H. disticha). PETIOLE : rarely aculeate or pubescent, rarely geniculate apically ( H. disticha), sheath usually less than half as long as petiole. BLADE : lanceolate or elliptic or oblong or subtriangular or cordate to sagittate, rarely peltate, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent on midrib and veins; primary lateral veins pinnate, running into marginal vein, secondary and tertiary lateral veins parallel-pinnate. INFLORESCENCE : 1-6 (or more) in each floral sympodium. PEDUNCLE : shorter than petiole. SPATHE : erect, often becoming green, more rarely white or yellow-green or red, persistent, usually not constricted, ellipsoid to boat-shaped, more rarely constricted between tube and blade and then tube convolute, blade gaping at anthesis and afterwards closing. SPADIX : shorter or subequal to spathe, stipitate or sessile, female zone cylindric, male zone usually entirely fertile, contiguous with and longer than female zone, rarely bearing staminodes basally, or very rarely separated by a ± naked interstice. FLOWERS : unisexual, perigone absent. MALE FLOWER : 2-4-androus, rarely 5-6-androus, very rarely 1-androus ( H. monandra), stamens free, truncate apically, filament absent or distinct, connective thick, thecae ovoid, ellipsoid or oblong, opening by longitudinal slit, rarely by transversal slit. POLLEN : extruded in strands, inaperturate, ellipsoid to oblong, small (mean 22 µm., range 12-31 µm.), exine perfectly psilate in most species, rarely obscurely fossulate. STERILE MALE FLOWERS : 2-4-androus, sometimes present at base of fertile male zone, staminodia subprismatic, somewhat rounded apically. FEMALE FLOWER : gynoecium ovoid or oblong or subglobose, usually with single, anterior staminode (rarely 2, very rarely 3), equalling or half as long as ovary, sometimes absent ( H. lindenii), ovary 2-4-(-5)-locular, ovules many, hemianatropous, funicle long, placenta axile to pseudoaxile, style shortly narrowed or absent, stigma discoid, subhemispheric, subcapitate or slightly 2-4-lobed. BERRY : obovoid or subglobose or cylindric, locules many-seeded, rarely few-seeded. SEED : ellipsoid or elongate ellipsoid, testa thick, distinctly or only slightly costate, embryo axile, elongate, endosperm copious.
- Distribution
- Trop. & Subtrop. Asia, SW. Pacific, C. & S. Trop. America.
- Habitat
- Tropical humid forest, swamp forest, rarely in open swamps; terrestrial in leaf litter on forest floor, along forest streams, on road banks, on well-drained slopes in moist forest, rarely rheophytes.
- Diagnostic
- Terrestrial, rarely rheophytic; usually aromatic (anise scented - Neotropics; variously of camphor, mango-skin; ginger, etc. - Asian tropics); petiole always pulvinate ca. 2/3 along length, rarely terminally at insertion of leaf blade - Asian tropics exc. Chamaecladon supergroup; leaf blade simple, lanceolate to sagittate, fine venation parallel-pinnate; flowers unisexual, perigone absent; stamens free. Differs from Furtadoa in male flowers consisting of 2-6 stamens without pistillodes, ovaries incompletely 2-5 locular and placentas parietal and axile. Differs from Philodendron mainly in shoot architecture, and in being always terrestrial, never climbing (but rhizome aften considerably elongated - 'geophilous climbers' - or epiphytic, endothecium with cell wall thickenings, presence (often) of staminodes in female zone and being mostly tropical Asian (except Homalomena sect. Curmeria ).
Native to:
Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
- Homalomena adiensis A.Hay
- Homalomena aeneifolia Alderw.
- Homalomena agens Kurniawan & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena ardua P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena argentea Ridl.
- Homalomena aromatica (Spreng.) Schott
- Homalomena asmae Baharuddin & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena asperifolia Alderw.
- Homalomena atroviridis Engl. & K.Krause
- Homalomena atrox P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.
- Homalomena baangongensis L.S.Tung & Y.C.Hoe
- Homalomena batoeensis Engl.
- Homalomena bellula Schott
- Homalomena benedikii S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena burkilliana Ridl.
- Homalomena caput-gorgonis S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena cataractae S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena clandestina P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.
- Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl.
- Homalomena confusa Furtado
- Homalomena consobrina (Schott) Engl.
- Homalomena cordata Schott
- Homalomena corneri Furtado
- Homalomena cowleyae P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena cristata Alderw.
- Homalomena curtisii Ridl.
- Homalomena curvata Engl.
- Homalomena davidiana A.Hay
- Homalomena debilicrista Y.C.Hoe
- Homalomena distans Ridl.
- Homalomena doctersii Alderw.
- Homalomena electra P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena elegans Engl.
- Homalomena elegantula A.Hay & Hersc.
- Homalomena expedita A.Hay & Hersc.
- Homalomena gadutensis M.Hotta
- Homalomena galbana Baharuddin & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena gastrofructa Y.C.Hoe, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena gaudichaudii Schott
- Homalomena gempal Kartini, P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena giamensis L.S.Tung, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena gillii Furtado
- Homalomena griffithii (Schott) Hook.f.
- Homalomena hainanensis H.Li
- Homalomena hanneae P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.
- Homalomena hasei P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena hastata M.Hotta
- Homalomena havilandii Ridl.
- Homalomena hendersonii Furtado
- Homalomena hooglandii A.Hay
- Homalomena humilis (Jack) Hook.f.
- Homalomena hypsiantha P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena ibanorum S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena imitator P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena impudica Hersc. & A.Hay
- Homalomena insignis N.E.Br.
- Homalomena jacobsiana A.Hay
- Homalomena josefii P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena kalkmanii A.Hay
- Homalomena kelungensis Hayata
- Homalomena kiahii Furtado
- Homalomena kionsomensis Kartini, P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena korthalsii Furtado
- Homalomena kualakohensis Zulhazman, P.C.Boyce & Mashhor
- Homalomena lambirensis S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena lancea Ridl.
- Homalomena lancifolia Hook.f.
- Homalomena latifrons Engl.
- Homalomena lauterbachii Engl.
- Homalomena limnogena P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena lindenii (Rodigas) Ridl.
- Homalomena longipes Merr.
- Homalomena magna A.Hay
- Homalomena major Griff.
- Homalomena marasmiella Kartini, P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena matangae Y.C.Hoe, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena megalophylla M.Hotta
- Homalomena melanesica A.Hay
- Homalomena metallica (N.E.Br.) Engl.
- Homalomena minor Griff.
- Homalomena minutissima M.Hotta
- Homalomena mobula P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena monandra M.Hotta
- Homalomena montana Furtado
- Homalomena mutans P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena niahensis P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena nigrescens (Schott) Engl.
- Homalomena nutans Hook.f.
- Homalomena obovata Ridl.
- Homalomena obscurifolia Alderw.
- Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott
- Homalomena ovalifolia (Schott) Ridl.
- Homalomena ovata Engl.
- Homalomena padangensis M.Hotta
- Homalomena palawanensis Engl.
- Homalomena passa S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena peekelii Engl.
- Homalomena pendula (Blume) Bakh.f.
- Homalomena philippinensis Engl.
- Homalomena pineodora Sulaiman & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena plicata P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena pontederifolia Griff. ex Hook.f.
- Homalomena producta A.Hay
- Homalomena prolixa S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena pseudogeniculata P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena pulleana Engl. & K.Krause
- Homalomena punctulata Engl.
- Homalomena pyrospatha Bogner
- Homalomena robusta Engl. & K.Krause
- Homalomena rostrata Griff.
- Homalomena rubescens (Roxb.) Kunth
- Homalomena rusdii M.Hotta
- Homalomena sarawakensis Ridl.
- Homalomena saxorum (Schott) Engl.
- Homalomena schlechteri Engl.
- Homalomena scortechinii Hook.f.
- Homalomena scutata S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena selaburensis P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena sengkenyang P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.
- Homalomena silvatica Alderw.
- Homalomena simunii Kartini, P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena singaporensis Regel
- Homalomena soniae A.Hay
- Homalomena squamis-draconis S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena steenisiana A.Hay
- Homalomena stella P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena stollei Engl. & K.Krause
- Homalomena stongensis Zulhazman, P.C.Boyce & Mashhor
- Homalomena striatieopetiolata P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
- Homalomena subcordata Engl.
- Homalomena succincta S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena symplocarpifolia P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.
- Homalomena tenuispadix Engl.
- Homalomena terajaensis S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena tirtae Asih, Kurniawan & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena treubii Engl.
- Homalomena truncata (Schott) Hook.f.
- Homalomena vagans P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena velutipedunculata Y.C.Hoe, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena vietnamensis Bogner & V.D.Nguyen
- Homalomena vittifolia Kurniawan & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena vivens P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.
- Homalomena wallichii Schott
- Homalomena wongii S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
- Homalomena zollingeri Schott
Homalomena Schott appears in other Kew resources:
| Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25263.000 | ||||
| 25271.000 | ||||
| 28648.000 | ||||
| Paterson, A. [346], Indonesia | 37080.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [242], Brunei | 49926.000 | |||
| Hay, A. [2049], Malaysia | 52037.000 | |||
| 58023.000 | ||||
| 58827.000 | ||||
| Boyce [794], Malaysia | 59052.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [747], Malaysia | 59092.000 | |||
| Johns, R. [7741], Indonesia | 59400.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [916], Thailand | 59591.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [933], Thailand | 59594.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [886], Thailand | 59595.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [792], Malaysia | 59856.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [777], Malaysia | 59857.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [917], Thailand | 60528.000 | |||
| Johns, R., Indonesia | 61380.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 61449.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 61450.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 61451.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 61452.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 61453.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [1062], Malaysia | 62775.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [1200], Vietnam | 63241.008 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 63712.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 63758.000 | |||
| Herscovitch, C., Australia | 63760.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [1354], Bangladesh | 63860.000 | |||
| Boyce, P.C. [1418], Malaysia | 63965.000 | |||
| Wiriadinata, H. [13335], Sulawesi | K000501410 |
First published in H.W.Schott & S.L.Endlicher, Melet. Bot.: 20 (1832)
Accepted by
- Boyce, P.C. & Wong, S.Y. (2009). Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo IV: Homalomena specimens in the herbarium Beccarianum-Malesia (FI-B) of the Museo di Storia Naturale - Sezione Botanica "F.Parlatore" dell'Università di Firenze Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 64: 169-173.
- Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
CATE Araceae
- Mayo, S.J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P.C. 1997. The genera of Araceae. 370 pp.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
-
CATE Araceae
Haigh, A., Clark, B., Reynolds, L., Mayo, S.J., Croat, T.B., Lay, L., Boyce, P.C., Mora, M., Bogner, J., Sellaro, M., Wong, S.Y., Kostelac, C., Grayum, M.H., Keating, R.C., Ruckert, G., Naylor, M.F. and Hay, A., CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/