- Family:
- Cyperaceae Juss.
- Genus:
- Cyperus L.
Cyperus esculentus L.

[FWTA]
Cyperaceae, Miss S. S. Hooper. Flora of West Tropical Africa 3:2. 1972
- Diagnostic
- Generally distinguished from the other slenderly rhizomatous, tuber-bearing species by its golden, rather blunt spikelets, 1–2 cm. long and nerved sides to the glumes
- Ecology
- Weed in cultivated and waste places.
[UPFC]
- Distribution
- Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean, Orinoquia. Elevation range: 230–1550 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico, Bogotá DC, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Tolima, Valle del Cauca.
- Habit
- Herb.
- Conservation
- IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC.
- Ecology
- Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, shrubland, artificial - terrestrial.
- Vernacular
- Chingo, Chufa, Coquito, Corocillo, Corocito
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Fairly robust stoloniferous perennial; stolons to c. 15 cm long and 0.5–1.5 mm thick, covered with brown to blackish scales and ending in a blackish tuber 3–8 mm in diam.
- Morphology Stem
- Stems 15–70 cm long and 1–5 mm thick, triangular, glabrous, with 3–many crowded leaves near the base
- Morphology Leaves
- Largest leaf-blades 10–30 cm long and 3–9 mm wide, flat, scabrid on margin and major ribs; leaf-sheaths green to reddish brown, rarely blackish
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Spikes 1–3 cm long and wide, with 4–12 spreading spikelets Inflorescence a 3–20 cm long and 3–15 cm wide anthela consisting of 1 sessile and 3–10 stalked spikes on 0.5–15 cm long peduncles, often with 1–5 secondary (usually stalked) spikes from the base of some primary spikes; primary inflorescence-bracts 3–9, leafy, erect or spreading, the largest 3–20 cm long and 2–9 mm wide
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets 5–20 x 1.5–2 mm, linear-lanceolate with obtuse tip, brown or rust-coloured, 6–22-flowered
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes 2.2–2.6 mm long, ovate-elliptic, reddish brown with an uncoloured marginal border and 3–4 distinct nerves on each side of the midrib; midrib ending in the obtuse apex or slightly excurrent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 3
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
- Style 3-branched
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Nutlet 1.3–1.5 x 0.6–0.7 mm, elliptic, triangular, grey and shiny; surface with minute isodiametric cells.
- Distribution
- S3 pantropical and subtropical.
- Ecology
- Altitude below 100 m.
[CPLC]
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
- Distribution
- Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 230 - 1550 m.; Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Valle del Magdalena.
- Morphology General Habit
- Hierba
- Conservation
- No Evaluada
[UNAL]
Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
- Vernacular
- coquito, corocito
[FTEA]
Cyperaceae, K Hoenselaar, B. Verdcourt & H. Beentje. Hypolytrum, D Simpson. Fuirena, M Muasya. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2010
- Type
- Type: “Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente”, lectotype: “Cyperus rotundus esculentus angustifolius” in Bauhin, Theatri Bot., 221, 222, 1658, chosen by Simpson in Jarvis & al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 41 (1993)
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial, stoloniferous, up to 1 m high.
- Vegetative Multiplication Stolons
- Stolons to ± 15 cm long, 0.5–1.5 cm thick, covered with brown scales and ending in a blackish tuber 3–8 mm in diameter.
- Morphology Culms
- Culms 18.5–74 cm long, 1.6–3.5 mm wide, trigonous to triquetrous, glabrous
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf sheath pale brownish-green to green, 2–9 cm long. Leaf blade linear, flat, 11.5–29 cm long, 2.3–8 mm wide, with 2 main veins next to primary vein, apex acuminate, glabrous to minutely scabrid on margins and veins Leaves up to 38 cm long, crowded near the base.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts
- Involucral bracts 2–6. Leaf-like, spreading, the lowermost 4–16.5 cm long, 2.1–8 mm wide
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence simple or compound, primary branches 5–10, 1–18 cm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets in loose clusters on elongated axis, sessile and at the end of primary and secondary branches, 9–20 per cluster, linear-lanceolate, 5.5–16 mm long, 1.2–2.5 mm wide, the apex of the spikelet obtuse.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, elliptic-ovate to obovate, with 3–4 distinct veins on each side of the keel, glabrous, 2.4–3.5 mm long, 1.4–2 mm wide, keel green to reddish-brown, apex obtuse
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 3.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Filaments
- Filaments 2.5–4 mm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Anthers
- Anthers 1–2 mm long
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Nutlet shiny grey, ellipsoid, trigonous, 1.3–1.5 mm long, 0.6–0.7 mm wide, surface with minute isodiametric cells
- Figures
- Fig. 35, p228
- Ecology
- Swamps and seasonally wet grasslands, weed of shambas and gardens; 0–2100 m
- Conservation
- Least Concern (LC) due to its wide distribution and common habitat.
- Distribution
- Range: Widespread in Africa; S Europe Flora districts: U2 U3 U4 K3 K4 K7 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T7 T8
[UPFC]
- Use Animal Food
- Used as animal food.
- Use Environmental
- Environmental uses.
- Use Fuel
- Used for fuels.
- Use Gene Sources
- Used as gene sources.
- Use Food
- Used for food.
- Use Invertebrate Food
- Used as invertebrate food.
- Use Materials
- Used as material.
- Use Medicines
- Medical uses.
- Use Social
- Social uses.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Azores, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Central American Pac, Chad, Colombia, Colorado, Comoros, Congo, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, District of Columbia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Florida, France, Free State, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Honduras, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Maine, Malawi, Mali, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mozambique, Namibia, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, Northern Provinces, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Rwanda, Senegal, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Togo, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Austria, Belgium, Cambodia, China North-Central, Germany, Hawaii, Jawa, Mauritius, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, Poland, Réunion, St.Helena, Taiwan, Tristan da Cunha, Ukraine, Vietnam
- Chlorocyperus aureus (K.Richt.) Palla ex Kneuck.
- Chlorocyperus phymatodes (Muhl.) Palla
- Cyperus aureus Ten.
- Cyperus aureus subsp. esculentus (L.) Nyman
- Cyperus bahiensis Steud.
- Cyperus buchananii Boeckeler
- Cyperus bulamensis Steud.
- Cyperus chrysostachys Boeckeler
- Cyperus damiettensis A.Dietr.
- Cyperus esculentus var. angustispicatus Britton
- Cyperus esculentus f. angustispicatus (Britton) Fernald
- Cyperus esculentus subsp. aureus K.Richt.
- Cyperus esculentus f. evolutus C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus esculentus var. helodes (Schrad. ex Nees) C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus Boeckeler
- Cyperus esculentus var. lutescens (Torr. & Hook.) Kük. ex Osten
- Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus Boeckeler
- Cyperus esculentus f. macrostachyus (Boeckeler) Fernald
- Cyperus esculentus var. phymatodes (Muhl.) Kük.
- Cyperus esculentus f. princeps C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus esculentus var. sprucei C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus fulvescens Liebm.
- Cyperus gracilescens Schult.
- Cyperus gracilis Link
- Cyperus heermannii Buckley
- Cyperus helodes Schrad. ex Nees
- Cyperus hydra Kunth
- Cyperus lutescens Torr. & Hook.
- Cyperus melanorhizus Delile
- Cyperus nervosus Bertol.
- Cyperus officinalis T.Nees
- Cyperus pallidus Savi
- Cyperus phymatodes Muhl.
- Cyperus phymatodes var. heermannii (Buckley) S.Watson
- Cyperus repens Elliott
- Cyperus ruficomus Buckley
- Cyperus sieberianus Link
- Cyperus tenoreanus Schult. & Schult.f.
- Cyperus tenorei C.Presl
- Cyperus tuberosus Pursh
- Cyperus variabilis Salzm. ex Steud.
- Pterocyperus esculentus (L.) Opiz
- Pycreus esculentus (L.) Hayek
- English
- Earth almond, Ground almond, Nut grass, Tiger Nut, Water grass, Yellow nut sedge
Cyperus esculentus L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun 5, 1930 | South Africa | K000362732 | Yes | ||
Mar 1, 1892 | Rehmann, A. [4776], South Africa | K000362730 | syntype | Yes | |
Mar 1, 1892 | Kraup [97], South Africa | K000362728 | Yes | ||
Mar 1, 1892 | Baines, T. [s.n.], Botswana | K000362729 | Yes | ||
Mar 1, 1892 | Wood, J. M. [1581], South Africa | K000362731 | Yes | ||
Feb 1, 1892 | Buchanan, J. [23], Zambia | K000362653 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1892 | Gay, J. [s.n.], Italy | K000309422 | Yes | ||
Bidgood, S. [5127], Tanzania | K000190355 | No | |||
Bidgood, S. [5182], Tanzania | K000190410 | No | |||
Spruce, R. [6414], Ecuador | K000632122 | Yes | |||
Gay, J. [s.n.], Italy | K000309423 | Yes | |||
Wailly, M. de [5122], Mali | K000391870 | No | |||
Jaeger, P. [42], Mali | K000391873 | No | |||
Bidgood, S. [5277], Tanzania | K000190507 | No | |||
Chevalier, A. [950], Mali | K000391874 | No | |||
Jaeger, P. [32], Mali | K000391871 | No | |||
Jaeger, P. [38], Mali | K000391872 | No | |||
Waterlot [1203], Mali | K000391875 | No | |||
Oct 1, 1994 | Drummond, J. [452], USA | Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus | K000307937 | Unknown type material | Yes |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 45 (1753)
Accepted by
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- Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
- Cabezas, F., Aedo, C. & Velayos, M. (2004). Checklist of the Cyperaceae of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko, Río Muni). Belgian Journal of Botany 137: 3-26.
- Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
- Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Edwards, S., Demissew, S., & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1997). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 6: i-xxviii, 1-586. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
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- Lambion, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004). Nouvelle flore de la Belgique du G. D. de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5: 1-1167. Edition du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
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- Marais, W. & Araujo, A.C. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 202: 1-99. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
- Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
- Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
- Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and ajacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
- Rothrock, P.E. (2009). Sedges of Indiana and adjacent states: the non-Carex species: 1-271. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
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- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
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- de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.
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Literature
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
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Flora of West Tropical Africa
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Kew Backbone Distributions
- Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
- Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1993). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 2(2): 433-968. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
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-
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible
ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Living Collection Database
Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Science Photographs
Copyright applied to individual images
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Plants and People Africa
Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
© Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
ColPlantA database
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0