Family:
Poaceae Barnhart
Genus:
Coix L.

Coix lacryma-jobi L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Indian Subcontinent to Taiwan and Peninsula Malaysia. It is used as animal food, a medicine and invertebrate food, has environmental uses and social uses and for food.

[FTEA]

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips & S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974

Morphology General Habit
Coarse annual; culms 1–3 m. high.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, 10–45 cm. long, 2–7 cm. wide, cordate at the base.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
Cupule 5–15 mm. long, typically globose-ovoid, bony, shining, white or bluish.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Male raceme 3–5 cm. long, the spikelets 7–8 mm. long.
sex Male
Male raceme 3–5 cm. long, the spikelets 7–8 mm. long.
Figures
Fig. 205.
Habitat
Stream sides and swampy places; occasionally cultivated as a source of beads; 0–2000 m.
Distribution
K4 K7 T2 T3 T6 T8 U2 U4 Z an Asiatic species, now distributed throughout the tropics

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Guiana Shield, Caribbean, Orinoquia, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–2000 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Guaviar
Habit
Herb.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, desert, artificial - terrestrial.
Vernacular
Cuenta de milagro, Lágrimas de san pedro, Sukumusha

[FWTA]

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton. Flora of West Tropical Africa 3:2. 1972

Note
“job’s Tears”
Ecology
Stream banks and moist places.

[GB]
Morphology General Habit
Annual. Culms 90-250 cm long. Leaves cauline. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blade base cordate. Leaf-blades linear, or lanceolate; 10-50 cm long; 25-50 mm wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Monoecious; with a male and a female inflorescence subtended by the same spatheole. Synflorescence compound; paniculate; prophyllate below lateral spikelets (female inflorescence). Inflorescence composed of racemes; axillary; deciduous as a whole; subtended by a spatheole; exserted (male), or enclosed (female). Spatheole ovate, or globose; 0.8-1.1 cm long; indurate. Peduncle nodding; widened at apex; disarticulating; disarticulating below uppermost sheaths. Racemes 1; single; bearing a triad of spikelets. Rhachis obsolete. Spikelets in threes. Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; 2 in the cluster. Male spikelets 2 in a cluster. Pedicels linear; 1 length of fertile spikelet. Male inflorescence unlike female; a single raceme (1.5-3 cm,exserted). Male spikelets distinct from female; 2 flowered; 8-10 mm long. Male spikelet glumes 2; wingless; muticous. Male spikelet lemma 3-5 -veined; muticous.
Sterile
Companion sterile spikelets represented by barren pedicels.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets ovate; dorsally compressed; 7-9 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Companion sterile spikelets represented by barren pedicels.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets ovate; dorsally compressed; 7-9 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes dissimilar; reaching apex of florets; similar to fertile lemma in texture. Lower glume orbicular; 7-9 mm long; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; firmer above; without keels. Lower glume apex cuspidate. Upper glume ovate; membranous; firmer above; with hyaline margins; 1-keeled; 11 -veined. Upper glume primary vein grooved on either side. Upper glume apex cuspidate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; firmer above; 7 -veined; cuspidate. Fertile florets female. Fertile lemma ovate; 6-7.6 mm long; membranous; firmer above; keeled; 3-5 -veined. Lemma surface with 2 longitudinal grooves. Lemma apex rostrate. Palea hyaline; 2 -veined; without keels.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules absent (female), or 2 (male); cuneate; fleshy. Anthers 3. Stigmas 2; terminally exserted; papillose. Styles connate below.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; orbicular. Embryo 1 length of caryopsis. Disseminule comprising a inflorescence.
sex Male
Male inflorescence unlike female; a single raceme (1.5-3 cm,exserted). Male spikelets distinct from female; 2 flowered; 8-10 mm long. Male spikelet glumes 2; wingless; muticous. Male spikelet lemma 3-5 -veined; muticous.
Distribution
Europe: southwestern and southeastern. Africa: north, Macaronesia, west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, south, middle Atlantic ocean, and western Indian ocean. Asia-temperate: Soviet Middle Asia, western Asia, China, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Papuasia. Australasia: Australia. Pacific: southwestern, south-central, northwestern, and north-central. North America: southeast USA and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, Caribbean, northern South America, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.
Reference
Andropogoneae. FTA.
Diagnostic
Male raceme erect; spatheole bladeless.

[UNAL]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
camándula, cuentas de milagro, lágrimas de Job, lágrimas de San Pedro, milagro, moisés, ojo de Dios, sampedrito, sorgo, trigo, trigo amazónico, trigo brasilero, trigo peruano, yerba de milagro

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Naturalizada en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 2000 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífico, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba
Conservation
Preocupación Menor

[UPFC]
Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Invertebrate Food
Used as invertebrate food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Social
Social uses.

Native to:

Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya

Introduced into:

Algeria, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Austria, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, China North-Central, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Easter Is., Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Free State, French Guiana, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Inner Mongolia, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Mali, Maluku, Manchuria, Marianas, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Jersey, New York, New Zealand North, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Niue, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Ohio, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Spain, St.Helena, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Tanzania, Tennessee, Togo, Tonga, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Turkey-in-Europe, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Windward Is., Xinjiang, Zaïre

Coix lacryma-jobi L. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
Mar 24, 2009 Hosseus, C.C. [s.n.], Thailand K000648166
May 1, 2001 Cable, S. [2873], Cameroon K000107964
Calderon, C.E. [2218], Bahia K000004635
Hage, J.L. [620], Bahia K000004636
Gardner [1890], Brazil K000004632
Bolland, G. [41], Brazil K000004634
Bolland, G. [0], Brazil K000004633
Koorders, S.H. [40590b], Jawa K000290014 Unknown type material
Lakshnakara, M.C. [412], Thailand K000620698
Sorensen, Th. [1120], Thailand K000648052
Rambo, B. [47221], Brazil K001059445
Dombrowski, L.T.D [2537], Brazil K001059448
van Beusekom, C.F. [4693], Thailand K000648167
Burchell, W.J. [3628/3], Brazil K001059450
Grotta, A.S. [s.n.], Brazil K001059447
Kerr, A.F.G. [3932], Thailand K000620697
Riedel [s.n.], Brazil K001059446
Sorensen, Th. [6058], Thailand K000648053
van Beusekom, C.F. [4176], Thailand K000648051
Widgren, J.F. [s.n.], Brazil K001059451
Kerr, A.F.G. [2846], Thailand K000620696
Gwynne-Vaughan, D.T. [67], Brazil K001059449
Rogeon, J.-.F. [217], Mali K000212228

First published in Sp. Pl.: 972 (1753)

Accepted by

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Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
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  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Damanakis, M. & Scholz, H. (1990). Phytogeographical notes on the Poaceae of Greece Willdenowia 19: 413-423.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
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  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon) Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
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  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
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  • Masamune, G. (1942). Enumeratio phanerogamarum Bornearum: 1-739. Taihoku, Formosa.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
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  • de Cordemoy, E.J. (1895). Flore de l'ile de la Réunion: 1-574. Librairie des sciences naturelles Paul Klincksieck, Paris.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
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  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A.V. Bogdan, A Revised List of Kenya Grasses p. 63 (1958).
  • Clayton in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 511 (1972).
  • D.M. Napper, Grasses of Tanganyika: 114 (1965).
  • Eggeling, Ann. list grasses Ug.: 10 (1947).
  • K.W. Harker & D.M. Napper, An Illustrated Guide to the Grasses of Uganda p. 22 (1960).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 972 (1753).
  • Mimeur in Rév. Bot. Appliq. 31: 197 (1951).
  • Robyns, Fl. Agrost. Congo Belge 1: 44 (1929).
  • Stapf in Flora of Tropical Africa 9: 27 (1917).
  • Vallayes in Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 39: 247 (1948).

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