[FWTA]
Scrophulariaceae, F.N. Hepper. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2. 1963
- Morphology General Habit
- Herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate; stipules absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers hermaphrodite, mostly zygomorphic
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx imbricate or valvate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla-lobes imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens often 4 or 2, rarely 5, inserted on the corolla and alternate with the lobes, sometimes the fifth stamen represented by a staminode; filaments free from each other; anthers 1-2-celled, opening lengthwise
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovules numerous on axile placentas Ovary superior, entire, usually 2-celled; style terminal
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a capsule or berry
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds numerous, with fleshy endosperm
[FZ]
Scrophulariaceae, D. Philcox. Flora Zambesiaca 8:2. 1990
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual or perennial, terrestrial, amphibious or aquatic herbs, or leafless parasitic herbs lacking chlorophyll, shrubs or undershrubs, rarely trees, glabrous, variously pubescent or glandular-viscid
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, alternate orverticillate, entire, toothed or variously lobed or dissected, or reduced to scales, estipulate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Pedicels ebracteolate or bibracteolate Flowers solitary axillary or in terminal spikes, racemes, heads or panicles, arranged in racemes or cymes
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers hermaphrodite, usually irregular, at times subregular
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx inferior, persistent, usually 5-lobed, occasionally 4-, or rarely 3-lobed, usually more or less united, campanulate, tubular, or shortly so almost lacking distinct tube, equal, unequal, valvate, variously overlapping or open in bud
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla tubular, campanulate, cylindric or ventricose or enlarged above; tube straight or variously curved to geniculate, at times basally produced into 1 or 2 spurs or sacs; limb usually 5- or 4-lobed, rarely 3–8-lobed, lobes subequal, more or less spreading, or clearly bilabiate with upper lip entire, emarginate or bilobed, erect, concave or galeate or at times flat or spreading, lower lip 3- (rarely 4-) lobed, spreading
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens 4, didynamous or equal, or 2 with occasionally 2 reduced to staminodes, or 5 with fifth subrudimentary, rarely perfect Filaments inserted in corolla tube or at throat, filiform or dilated, occasionally with lower variously appendaged at base Anthers 1- orbilocular, free or frequently coherent, cells similar or with one smaller and sterile, connective often produced into 2 branches, each bearing cell
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovules many to numerous in each cell Ovary superior, sessile, entire, 2-, or rarely 3-celled, placentation central; style simple, entire or shortly cleft at apex; stigma small, capitate or clavate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit usually capsular, septicidal or loculicidal, sometimes both, occasionally dehiscing by pores, rarely indehiscent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds small, numerous, variously shaped, pitted, ridged or ribbed, rarely smooth
[FTEA]
Scrophulariaceae, S.A. Ghazanfar, F.N. Hepper & D. Philcox. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2008
- Morphology General Habit
- Herbs, undershrubs, sometimes climbers or shrubs, rarely trees; many partial root parasites, a few wholly parasitic
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves exstipulate, simple, alternate or opposite (especially lower ones), rarely all basal or the upper-most whorled, often variously lobed or dissected, toothed or entire
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers hermaphrodite, zygomorphic (sometimes very slightly) usually in bracteate spikes or racemes, less often solitary in leaf-axils, or in cymes
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx persistent; calyx-tube campanulate, tubular or almost none; calyx-teeth usually 4 or 5, rarely 3, sometimes calyx 2-lipped, valvate, imbricate or open in bud
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla united; tube campanulate, cylindric or ventricose or enlarged above, straight or curved or bent, sometimes very short, sometimes with 1 or 2 spurs or sacs at the base, usually 4- or 5-lobed with the lobes more or less equal and all spreading, or distinctly 2-lipped, with the upper lip entire or 2-lobed, lower lip usually 3-lobed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 4, didynamous or 2, rarely 3, 5 or 6–8; staminodes sometimes present
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary superior, 2-locular, ovules numerous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit usually capsular, septicidal or loculicidal, rarely a berry and indehiscent, or fruit separating into 2 cocci.
- Alonsoa Ruiz & Pav.
- Ameroglossum Eb.Fisch., S.Vogel & A.V.Lopes
- Androya H.Perrier
- Antherothamnus N.E.Br.
- Anticharis Endl.
- Aptosimum Burch. ex Benth.
- Barthlottia E.Fisch.
- Bontia L.
- Buddleja Houst. ex L.
- Camptoloma Benth.
- Capraria L.
- Chaenostoma Benth.
- Chamaecrypta Schltr. & Diels
- Chenopodiopsis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Colpias E.Mey. ex Benth.
- Cromidon Compton
- Dermatobotrys Bolus
- Diascia Link & Otto
- Diclis Benth.
- Dischisma Choisy
- Dolichostemon Bonati
- Eremogeton Standl. & L.O.Williams
- Eremophila R.Br.
- Freylinia Colla
- Glekia Hilliard
- Globulariopsis Compton
- Glumicalyx Hiern
- Glycocystis Chinnock
- Gomphostigma Turcz.
- Gosela Choisy
- Hebenstretia L.
- Hemimeris L.f.
- Ixianthes Benth.
- Jamesbrittenia Kuntze
- Leucophyllum Bonpl.
- Lyperia Benth.
- Manulea L.
- Manuleopsis Thell.
- Melanospermum Hilliard
- Microdon Choisy
- Myoporum Banks & Sol. ex G.Forst.
- Nathaliella B.Fedtsch.
- Nemesia Vent.
- Oftia Adans.
- Peliostomum E.Mey. ex Benth.
- Phygelius E.Mey. ex Benth.
- Phyllopodium Benth.
- Polycarena Benth.
- Pseudoselago Hilliard
- Ranopisoa J.-F.Leroy
- Rhabdotosperma Hartl
- × Scrophulari-verbascum P.Fourn.
- Scrophularia Tourn. ex L.
- Selago L.
- Strobilopsis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Sutera Roth
- Teedia Rudolphi
- Tetraselago Junell
- Trieenea Hilliard
- Verbascum L.
- Zaluzianskya F.W.Schmidt
Scrophulariaceae Juss. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 117. 1789 [4 Aug 1789] (as "Scrophulariae") (1789)
Accepted by
- APG IV (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Plants and People Africa
Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
© Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/