Poaceae
Cenchrus

Cenchrus echinatus L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 1050 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Central & S. U.S.A. to Tropical & Subtropical America. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, California, Cayman Is., Central American Pacific Is., Chile North, Chile South, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Desventurados Is., District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Maryland, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Mexico, Nicaragua, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Tennessee, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Virginia, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Aldabra, Azores, Bangladesh, Borneo, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Chagos Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, Cocos (Keeling) Is., Cook Is., Czechia-Slovakia, Easter Is., Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hainan, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Madagascar, Maine, Malaya, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Mexican Pacific Is., Mozambique Channel Is., Nansei-shoto, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Territory, Oman, Palestine, Philippines, Phoenix Is., Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Society Is., Solomon Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vermont, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Aké Assi, L. (2002). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II. Boissiera 58: 1-401.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Renvoize, S.A. (1980). The Flora of Aldabra and neighbouring islands: 1-358. Crown, London.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Levin, G.A. & Moran, R. (1989). The vascular flora of isla Socorro, Mexico: 1-71. Dept. of Botany, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego.
  • Menjívar Cruz, J.E., R.M. Baldini, G. Davidse & P.M. Peterson (2021). El Salvador grasses: An updated catalogue and nomenclator. Phytoneuron 2021-22: 1-131.
  • Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Parham, B.E.V. (1971). The Vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 576-609.
  • Patzelt, A., Harrison, T., Knees, S.G. & Hartley, L.A. (2014). Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXXI. New records from the Sultanate of Oman. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71: 161-180.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2019). Novitates Gabonenses 91: additons to the grass flora of Gabon. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152: 99-105.
  • St. John, H. (1988). Census of the Flora of the Gambier islands, Polynesia. Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Veldkamp, J.F. (2014). A revision of Cenchrus incl. Pennisetum (Gramineae) in Malesia with some general nomenclatural notes. Blumea 59: 59-75.
  • Verloove, F. (2013). New xenophytes from Gran Canaria (Canary islands, Spain), with emphasis on naturalised and (potentially) invasive species. Collectanea Botanica 32: 59-82.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. & Pensiero, J.F. (2014). Gramineae VI. Flora del Paraguay 45: 1-392. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1050 (1753).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • F.T.A. 9: 1082.
  • Sp. Pl. 1050 (1753)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Aké Assi, L. (2002). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II. Boissiera 58: 1-401.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1-1692. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2012). Med-Checklist Notulae, 31. Willdenowia 42: 287-295.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hubbard, C.E. & Vaughan, R.E. (1940). Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez: 1-128. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Levin, G.A. & Moran, R. (1989). The vascular flora of isla Socorro, Mexico: 1-71. Dept. of Botany, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego.
  • Masamune, G. (1942). Enumeratio phanerogamarum Bornearum: 1-739. Taihoku, Formosa.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Parham, B.E.V. (1971). The Vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 576-609.
  • Patzelt, A., Harrison, T., Knees, S.G. & Hartley, L.A. (2014). Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXXI. New records from the Sultanate of Oman. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71: 161-180.
  • Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2019). Novitates Gabonenses 91: additons to the grass flora of Gabon. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152: 99-105.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Veldkamp, J.F. (2014). A revision of Cenchrus incl. Pennisetum (Gramineae) in Malesia with some general nomenclatural notes. Blumea 59: 59-75.
  • Verloove, F. (2013). New xenophytes from Gran Canaria (Canary islands, Spain), with emphasis on naturalised and (potentially) invasive species. Collectanea Botanica 32: 59-82.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Cordemoy, E.J. (1895). Flore de l'ile de la Réunion: 1-574. Librairie des sciences naturelles Paul Klincksieck, Paris.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Clayton in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 464 (1972).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 1050 (1753).
  • Stapf & C. E. Hubbard in Flora of Tropical Africa 9: 1082 (1934).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2015 Manjato, N.; Rakotonirina, N.; Razakamalala, R.; Ravalimanarivo, N. [745] Madagascar K001907462 No
Jan 1, 1973 Anderson, W.R.; Stieber, M.; Kirkbride Jr, J.H. [36950] Brazil K000004810 Yes
Jan 1, 1933 Curtis, A.H. [3619] United States K001056122 Unknown Type Material Yes
Evans, M. [3207] Australia K002928128 Yes
Clayton, D. [5650] Sri Lanka K002927892 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [396] Fiji K002928314 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [4509] Tanzania K002817007 Yes
Lechler, P. [1545] Peru K001044597 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tilden, J.E. [383] K002928355 Yes
Robertson, S.A. [3128] Seychelles K002817169 Yes
Elphinstone, G.D. [s.n.] Australia K002928160 Yes
Chaudhary, S. [8776] Saudi Arabia K002927460 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [12066] Mexico K000476300 Yes
Hill, F.L. [1016] Christmas Island K002927992 Yes
Mueller, F. [473] Brazil K001075829 Yes
Sledge, W.A. [1853] K002928353 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [4800] Mexico K000476298 Yes
Hartley, W. [11776] Australia K002928137 Yes
Wight, R. [1665] India K000245391 Type Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8654] K001131124 Unknown Type Material Yes
Johns, Y.J. [s.n.] Australia K002928154 Yes
Hage, J.L.; dos Santos, E.B. [1582] Brazil K000004812 Yes
Mori, S.A.; Mattos Silva, L.A.; dos Santos, T.S. [11368] Brazil K000004813 Yes
Heller, A.A. [1964] United States K002928394 Yes
Adaire, F. [215] Samoa K002928333 Yes
Dombrowski, L.T.D. [2419] Brazil K001075828 Yes
Oduro, G.A. [11] Ghana K002928603 Yes
Bryan Jr., E.H. [1052] Micronesia, Federated States of K002928372 Yes
[V. 'Ildenia] [73] Tonga K002928337 Yes
s.coll. [1664] India K002927888 Yes
Batty, M. [1011] Tanzania K002817010 Yes
Philcox, D.; Ramos, J.; Souza, R. [3172] Brazil K001075832 Yes
Fagerlund, G.O.; Mitchell, A.L. [722] United States K002928381 Yes
Garber, D.W. [63] United States K002928388 Yes
Boulos, L.; Mashali, I.; Awad, E.R. [s.n.] Egypt K002927462 Yes
Vakuru, L. [11773] Fiji K002928315 Yes
Grant, M.L. [4154] K002928365 Yes
Evans, M. [223] Micronesia, Federated States of K002928371 Yes
Vaupel, F. [54] Samoa K002928350 Yes
Phillips, E. [146] Bahrain K002927457 Yes
St. John, H. [14890] United States K002928390 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [159] Fiji K002928324 Yes
Grupo Pedra do Cavalo [62] Brazil K000004817 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [10691] Hong Kong K002927782 Yes
Procter, J. [3524] Tanzania K002817008 Yes
MacKee, H.S. [32928] New Caledonia K002928304 Yes
Robertson, S.A. [2309] Seychelles K002817168 Yes
Runikera, P. [BSIP9522] Solomon Islands K002928302 Yes
Everist, S.L. [s.n.] Australia K002928147 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K002927463 Yes
Flynn, T.; Lorence, D.H. [6073] Micronesia, Federated States of K002928385 Yes
Lorence, D.H.; Ragone, D.; Togia, T. [8570] American Samoa K002928330 Yes
Wingfield, R. [1104] Tanzania K002817009 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [159a] Fiji K002928321 Yes
Harger, E.B. [426] United States K001056123 Isolectotype Yes
MacKee, H.S. [41027] New Caledonia K002928305 Yes
Blake, S.T. [7768] Australia K002928151 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8654] K001131125 Unknown Type Material Yes
Baxter, P. [1082] Australia K002928143 Yes
Bogdan, A. [AB 3643] Kenya K002817001 Yes
Long, C.R. [1701] United States K002928379 Yes
Florence, J. [3111] French Polynesia K002928356 Yes
Perry, R.A. [1591] Australia K002928136 Yes
Ankrah, J.O. [14] Ghana K002928600 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [183] Nigeria K002928604 Yes
Lazarides, M. [5629] Australia K002928146 Yes
Santos, T.S. [3680] Brazil K000004811 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8654] K001131126 Unknown Type Material Yes
Spruce, R. [5818] Ecuador K000201726 Yes
Carpenter, T. [374] Maldives K002927895 Yes
Renvoize, S.A. [1212] K002817164 Yes
Tawada, S. [2206] Japan K002927773 Yes
Ryves, T.B. [s.n.] Hong Kong K002927783 Yes
Evans, M. [1467] Micronesia, Federated States of K002928370 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [142] Fiji K002928320 Yes
Spruce, R. [5818] Ecuador K000201728 Yes
Clarkson, J.R. [3895] Australia K002928139 Yes
Wood, D. [1477] K002817172 Yes
Stoddart, D.R.; Poore, M.E.D. [1341] K002817171 Yes
Bally [B 4704] Kenya K002817005 Yes
Sinclair, J.; Kadim, T. [10423] Brunei K002927990 Yes
But, P. [026] Hong Kong K002927779 Yes
Telford, I.R.H.; Howard, C. [9944] Australia K002928126 Yes
Angus [168] Brazil K001075826 Yes
Dony, J.G.; Dony, C.M. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002927201 Yes
Hu, S.Y.; Liu, S. [174] Hong Kong K002927784 Yes
Florence, J. [6950] French Polynesia K002928357 Yes
Baxter, P. [824] Australia K002928161 Yes
Forman, L.L.; Blewett, J.B.J. [858] Brunei K002927991 Yes
Bourgeau, M. [3140] Mexico K000643125 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tothill, J.D. [52] Fiji K002928319 Yes
Ambriansyah [W1060] Indonesia K002927988 Yes
Simon, B.K. [3864] Australia K002928125 Yes
Dayan- Smith, W. [s.n.] Australia K002928145 Yes
[illegible]; Stewart, K.J. [340] United States K002928392 Yes
Hitchcock, A.S. [s.n.] United States K002928395 Yes
Gould, F.W. [13612] Sri Lanka K002927893 Yes
Santamaría, D.; Rodríguez, A.; Solano, D. [4221] Costa Rica K001871485 Yes
Florence [10134] French Polynesia K002928358 Yes
Gardner [1190] Brazil K000004806 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [4008] Australia K002928158 Yes
Bristol, M.L. [2466] Samoa K002928343 Yes
Wallich [8654C] India K002927889 Yes
Stoddart, D.R.; Poore, M.E.D. [1453] K002817175 Yes
[S. F. L.] [915] Cook Islands K002928383 Yes
Burges, A. [K10] Nauru K002928382 Yes
Woods, D.V.G. [119] K002928366 Yes
Curtis, H.S. [L18] Australia K002928162 Yes
Black, T.; Black, R.A. [s.n.] Australia K002928135 No
[John Famweiler] [44] Angola K002817146 Yes
Tilden, J.E. [s.n.] K002928359 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K001075825 Yes
[illgible] [1474] Sri Lanka K002927894 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A.; Erskine, C.M.; Brighton, C.A.; Pinheiro, R. [17273] Brazil K000004814 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia K002928148 Yes
Krajina, V.J. [s.n.] United States K002928386 Yes
Hitchcock, A.S. [13801] Hawaii K001056124 Type Yes
Blake, S.T. [5983] Australia K002928152 Yes
Whistler, W.A. [W4578] Samoa K002928327 Yes
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [33418] United States K002928378 Yes
Soakai, E. [771] Tonga K002928336 Yes
Harris, W. [Lot2381] Samoa K002928344 Yes
Adaire, F. [32] Samoa K002928335 Yes
St. John, H.; Christophersen, E. [1360] United States K002928387 Yes
Magogo, F.; Glover, P. [1060] Kenya K002817002 Yes
Jones, W.B. [803] K002928360 Yes
Wood, K.R.; Perlman, S.P.; Meyer, J.Y.; Teatiu, L. [6412] K002928364 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [4436] Australia K002928155 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4892] Brazil K000004803 Yes
Starr, F.; Starr, K. [060406-29] United States K002928375 Yes
St. John, H.; Fosberg, F.R. [16268] K002928352 Yes
Yuncker, T.G. [9485] Samoa K002928340 Yes
M.L. [2733] Australia K002928132 Yes
Starr, F.; Starr, K. [060405-02] United States K002928374 Yes
Lowe, J.L. [4371] Nigeria K002928605 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [2932] Madagascar K002817162 Yes
Davidse, G.; Ramamoorthy, T.P.; Vital, D.M. [11649] Brazil K000004815 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Soderstrom, T.R. [5653] Brazil K001075830 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [237] Fiji K002928309 Yes
Allen, J.A. [26] Kenya K002817000 Yes
Laegaard, S.; Norsangsri, M. [21791] Thailand K000688373 Yes
Fosberg, F.R.; Stoddart, D.R. [54732] Kiribati K002928329 Yes
Blake, S.T. [17317] Australia K002928130 Yes
Bolland, G. [1926] Brazil K000004804 Yes
Bancroft, T.L. [s.n.] Australia K002928149 Yes
M.L. [2730] Australia K002928134 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [10111] Hong Kong K002927780 Yes
Hartley, W. [11776] Australia K002928138 Yes
Reinecke [65] Samoa K002928349 Yes
Guile, D.P.M. [0783] Hong Kong K002927772 Yes
Adaire, F. [226] Kiribati K002928334 Yes
Hubbard, C.E.; Winders, C.W. [6882] Australia K002928144 Yes
Whistler, W.A.; Steele, O. [11263] Marshall Islands K002928373 Yes
Clemens, M.S. [s.n.] Australia K002928142 Yes
Gleeson, T. [s.n.] Australia K002928140 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001075831 Yes
Jowett, F.W.; Jowett, M. [2] Cocos (Keeling) Islands K002927993 Yes
Florence; Tahuaitu [11743] French Polynesia K002928354 Yes
St. John, H. [19414] Fiji K002928341 Yes
Tawada, S. [2206] Japan K002927774 Yes
But, P. [184] Hong Kong K002927778 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [55752] Samoa K002928346 Yes
de Koster [18] Solomon Islands K002928301 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [49704] K002817163 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [5366] Hong Kong K002927777 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [7012] Saudi Arabia K002927454 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K002927461 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [269] Fiji K002928310 Yes
Greenwood, W. [60] Fiji K002928326 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [183] Fiji K002928312 Yes
Spruce, R. [5818] Ecuador K000201727 Yes
F. A. [illegible] [528] China K002927776 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8654] India K001131127 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pillon, Y.; Gatimel, B.; Jourdan, H. [810] Samoa K002928342 Yes
[D. R. Frost] [9] Indonesia K002927989 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [55730] Samoa K002928347 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [367] Fiji K002928311 Yes
Hall, J.B. [3039] Ghana K002928602 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [8614] Hong Kong K002927781 Yes
Carvalho, A.M.; da Vinha, S.G.; Brito, E.S. [1342] Brazil K000004818 Yes
Gardner [1190] Brazil K000004805 No
MacKee, H.S. [12310] New Caledonia K002928307 Yes
Guile, D.P.M. [0782] Hong Kong K002927771 Yes
Moseley [0] Brazil K000004808 Yes
Jeffrey, C.; Zelia, M. [1202] Seychelles K002817167 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [12066] Mexico K000476299 Yes
Hosaka, E.Y. [2365] United States K002928389 Yes
Morton, J.K. [s.n.] Ghana K002928601 Yes
Spjut, R.W.; Ensor, P.D. [2630] Kenya K002817003 Yes
Siti Munirah, M.Y.; Imin, K.; Kueh, H.L. [FRI76648] Malaysia K002927971 Yes
[Sir H. G. Willim] [s.n.] India K002927891 Yes
Soakai, E. [344] Tonga K002928339 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [6954] Brazil K001075827 Yes
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [33426] United States K002928377 Yes
Chaudhary, S. [6069] Saudi Arabia K002927456 Yes
Evans, M. [1952] Micronesia, Federated States of K002928369 Yes
Simon, B.K.; Andrews, S.B. [2560] Australia K002928157 Yes
Tanner, P. [s.n.] Australia K002928127 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [65176] Marshall Islands K002928368 Yes
Humbert, H.; Swingle, C.F. [5362] Madagascar K002817160 Yes
Tothill, J.D.; Tothill, B.H. [159] Fiji K002928325 Yes
Haines, H.H. [153] Australia K002928150 Yes
Fayed, A. [1545] Saudi Arabia K002927455 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [64649] French Polynesia K002928362 Yes
Perlman, S.P.; Wood, K.; Meyer, J. [15860] K002928363 Yes
Clemens, M.S. [s.n.] Australia K002928141 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [282] Fiji K002928313 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [159a] Fiji K002928322 Yes
Mashaly, I.; Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K002927459 Yes
Smith, A.C. [9454] Fiji K002928316 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [4221] Australia K002928156 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [813] Tanzania K002817011 Yes
Sledge, W.A. [1601] Samoa K002928345 Yes
Brass, L.J. [1925] Australia K002928153 Yes
Boulos, L.; El-Ghareeb, R.E. [s.n.] Egypt K002927464 Yes
Gwynne; Wood [1201] K002817170 Yes
Whistler, W.A. [w2237] Samoa K002928331 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] Fiji K002928318 Yes
Wallich [8654] India K002927887 Yes
Mattos Silva, L.A.; Sant'Ana, S.C.; Jardim, J.G.; dos Santos, E.B. [3040] Brazil K000004809 Yes
Sigee, D. [82] India K002927890 Yes
Yasuda, K. [1799] Japan K002927775 Yes
Fuentes, F. [24] K002928367 Yes
Lazarides, M.; Palmer, J. [072] Australia K002928129 Yes
Bommer, D. [44] Brazil K000004807 Yes
Durrington, L. [00158] Australia K002928159 Yes
MacKee, H.S. [27258] New Caledonia K002928303 Yes
Long, C.R. [1701] United States K002928380 Yes
Gwynne; Wood [872] K002817174 Yes
Stoddart, D.R.; Poore, M.E.D. [1279] K002817166 Yes
Tothill, J.D. [208] Fiji K002928323 Yes
Whistler, W.A. [9925] Samoa K002928328 Yes
Fosberg, F.R.; Stoddart, D.R. [54855] K002928332 Yes
Specht, R.L. [149] Australia K002928133 Yes
Stoddart, D.R.; Poore, M.E.D. [1286] K002817165 Yes
Chandhary, G. [6069] Saudi Arabia K002927453 Yes
Edwards, P.J. [124] Fiji K002928317 Yes
Nelson, D.J. [1006] Australia K002928131 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [7157] K002817173 Yes
Bor, N.L. [H65] United States K002928393 Yes
Christophersen, E.; Hume, E.P. [s.n.] Samoa K002928348 Yes
Hage, J.L.; dos Santos, T.S.; Barreto, L.A.S. [1734] Brazil K000004819 Yes
McKee, H.S. [41556] New Caledonia K002928306 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K002927458 Yes
Guile, D.P.M. [5140] Hong Kong K002927770 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1160] Mexico K000476301 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A.; Erskine, C.M.; Brighton, C.A.; Pinheiro, R. [16243] Brazil K000004816 Yes
Hosaka, E.Y. [2365] United States K002928391 Yes
MacKee, M. [196] New Caledonia K002928308 Yes
Hubbard, C.E.; Winders, C.W. [6587] Australia K002928163 Yes
Forbes, C.N. [393H] United States K002928384 Yes
Fosberg, F.R.; Sachet, M.H. [54630] K002928361 Yes
Cheek, M.R.; Rakotozafy, A.; {Za} [B1495] Madagascar K002817161 Yes
Sledge, W.A. [1886] Christmas Island K002928351 Yes
Wright, J.M. [12] Kenya K002817004 Yes
Soakai, E. [285] Tonga K002928338 Yes
Killip, E.P.; Smith, A. [14096] Colombia Cenchrus insularis K002817846 Yes
Smith, H.H. [159] Colombia Cenchrus insularis K002817848 Yes
Dawe, M.T. [534] Colombia Cenchrus insularis K002817847 Yes

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