- Family:
- Fabaceae Lindl.
- Genus:
- Arachis L.
Arachis hypogaea L.

[FTEA]
Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual erect or straggling herb ± 30 cm. long.
- Morphology Stem
- Stems at first pilose, later glabrescent.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves 4-foliolate; leaflets obovate or elliptic, 1–7 cm. long, 0.7–3.2 cm. wide, rounded or emarginate and mucronate at the apex, narrowly rounded to the base, glabrous, or sparsely pilose beneath, ciliate; free part of petiole 1.5–7 cm. long; petiolules 1–2 mm. long; stipules 1.5– 4 cm. long; free part linear-lanceolate, very acute, 0.6–3.2 cm. long, ciliate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers axillary, apparently solitary and stalked; primary bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm. long, 4–5 mm. wide, biapiculate; secondary bracts similar but bifid.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle 0.2–4 cm. long, pilose.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla yellow, mostly with red nerves, 0.7–1.3 cm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 8–9.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Pods 2–6 cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. wide, the gynophore becoming 1–20 cm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds irregularly ovoid, 1–2 cm. long and ± two-thirds the length in diameter.
- Figures
- Fig. 63, p. 441.
- Habitat
- Occasionally found as an escape
- Distribution
- T1 T3 T4 T7 T8 U1 U4 Z probably originally native to Brazil, but now very widely cultivated throughout the tropics and extensively in certain parts of East Africa, particularly the Lake Province of Tanganyika (Bukoba, etc.) and Tabora Districtthe attempts to cultivate the plant as a very major production undertaking at Kongwa (T5) and Nachingwea (T8) failed
[ILDIS]
International Legume Database and Information Service
- Conservation
- Cultigen not known in the wild
- Ecology
- Africa: Cultivated
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual, Not climbing, Herb
- Vernacular
- Alune Americane, Alune Depemynt, Amendoim, Arachide, Aracide, Arakhis Podzemnyi, Cacachuet, Cacahouete, Cacahuete, Cacahuetes, Earthnut, Erdnuss, Erfyndygy, Eryongok, Goober, Ground Nut, Groundnut, Jordnot, Khuasan, Kitaiski Boby, Kitaiskie Oreshki, Maapa
[UNAL]
Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
- Vernacular
- cacahuate, cacahuete, maní, maní blanco, maní blanco de picón, maní de picón, maní rojo, yacana
[FZ]
Leguminosae, B. Verdcourt. Flora Zambesiaca 3:6. 2000
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual, erect or straggling herb c. 30 cm long.
- Morphology Stem
- Stems at first pilose, later glabrescent.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves 4-foliolate; leaflets 1–7 × 0.7–3.2 cm, obovate or elliptic, rounded or emarginate and mucronate at the apex, narrowly rounded to the base, glabrous, or sparsely pilose beneath, ciliate; free part of petiole 1.5–7 cm long; petiolules 1–2 mm long; stipules 1.5–4 cm long, free part 0.6–3.2 cm long, linear-lanceolate, very acute, ciliate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers axillary, apparently solitary and stalked; primary bracts 10–14 × 4–5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, biapiculate; secondary bracts similar but 2-fid.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle 0.2–4 cm long, pilose.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla yellow, usually with red nerves, 7–13 mm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 8–9.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 2–6 × 1–1.5 cm, the gynophore becoming 1–20 cm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds 1–2 cm long and c. two-thirds the length in diameter, irregularly ovoid.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual, c. 30 cm long
- Morphology Leaves Leaflets
- Leaflets obovate or elliptic, 1–7 x 0.7–3.2 cm
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle 0.2–4 cm long, pilose
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla 0.7–1.3 cm long
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Pod 2–6 x 1–1.5 cm; gynophore becoming 1–20 cm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynophore
- Gynophore becoming 1–20 cm long.
- Distribution
- Sometimes grown at least in S2 and S3, and occasionally found as an escape.
- Vernacular
- Loos (Somali)
[CPLC]
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
- Distribution
- Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 280 - 1850 m.; Amazonia, Andes.
- Morphology General Habit
- Hierba, trepadora
[UPFC]
- Distribution
- Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean. Elevation range: 280–1850 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Antioquia, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Putumayo.
- Habit
- Herb, Climbing.
- Ecology
- Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
- Vernacular
- Cacahuate, Maní, Planta de maní, Tiga
[UPFC]
- Use Animal Food
- Used as animal food.
- Use Environmental
- Environmental uses.
- Use Fuel
- Used for fuels.
- Use Gene Sources
- Used as gene sources.
- Use Food
- Used for food.
- Use Invertebrate Food
- Used as invertebrate food.
- Use Materials
- Used as material.
- Use Medicines
- Medical uses.
- Use Poisons
- Poisons.
- Use Social
- Social uses.
Native to:
Bolivia
Introduced into:
Alabama, Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Central European Rus, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Comoros, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Illinois, India, Inner Mongolia, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Manchuria, Marianas, Mauritania, Mexico Southwest, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Santa Cruz Is., Senegal, Sierra Leone, Society Is., South European Russi, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatera, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
- Arachidna hypogaea (L.) Moench
- Arachis africana Lour.
- Arachis americana Ten.
- Arachis asiatica Lour.
- Arachis guaraniana Bertoni
- Arachis hypogaea var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W.C.Greg.
- Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata Waldron
- Arachis hypogaea subsp. nambyquarae (Hoehne) A.Chev.
- Arachis hypogaea var. nambyquarae (Hoehne) Burkart
- Arachis hypogaea f. nambyquarae (Hoehne) F.J.Herm.
- Arachis hypogaea var. peruviana Krapov. & W.C.Greg.
- Arachis hypogaea subsp. procumbens Waldron
- Arachis hypogaea f. typica Hoehne
- Arachis nambyquarae Hoehne
- Arachis oleifera A.Chev.
- Arachis rasteiro A.Chev.
Arachis hypogaea L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 1, 1995 | Guareco, I. [161], Bolivia | K000731401 | Yes | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 5810] | K001122217 | Yes | |||
Brandyge, J. [32429], Ecuador | K000731402 | No | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 5810] | K001122214 | Yes | |||
Mendoza, M. [1392], Bolivia | K000731400 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 5810], India | K001122216 | Yes | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 5810], Nepal | K001122218 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 5810] | K001122215 | Yes | |||
Schinini, A. [24221], Argentina | Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata | K000731431 | No |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 741 (1753)
Accepted by
- Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
- Atahuachi, M., Seijo, J.G., Simpson, C.E. & Montenegro Valls, J.F. (2021). Personal communication on Fabaceae, Arachis. 1.
- Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
- Balslav, H. & Chantaranothai, P. (2018). Flora of Thailand 4(3.1): 221-371. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
- Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
- Berhaut, J. (1976). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 5: 1-658. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
- Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
- Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
- Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
- Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau) Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
- Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
- Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Delipavlov, D. & Cheshmedzhiev, I. (eds.) (2011). Opredelitel na rasteniiata v Bulgariia: 1-590. Akad. Isd. Agrar. Univers. Plovdiv.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
- Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
- Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
- Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
- Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
- Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
- Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
- Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
- Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
- Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
- Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a checck-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-list: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
- Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
- Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Singh, A. (2012). Exotic flora of the Chandauli district Uttar Pradesh, India: an overview Indian Journal of Forestry 35: 79-84.
- Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
- Verdcourt, B. (2000). Flora Zambesiaca 3(6): 1-175. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
- Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
- Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 2: 158.
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
- Atahuachi, M., Seijo, J.G., Simpson, C.E. & Montenegro Valls, J.F. (2021). Personal communication on Fabaceae, Arachis. 1.
- Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
- Balslav, H. & Chantaranothai, P. (2018). Flora of Thailand 4(3.1): 221-371. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
- Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
- Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
- Berhaut, J. (1976). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 5: 1-658. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
- Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
- Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
- Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
- Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau) Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
- Delipavlov, D. & Cheshmedzhiev, I. (eds.) (2011). Opredelitel na rasteniiata v Bulgariia: 1-590. Akad. Isd. Agrar. Univers. Plovdiv.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
- Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
- Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
- Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
- Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
- Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
- Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
- Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
- Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
- Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a checck-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-list: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
- Verdcourt, B. (2000). Flora Zambesiaca 3(6): 1-175. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Wiggins, I.L. (1980). Flora of Baja California: 1-1025. Stanford university press, Stanford, California.
- Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
- Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
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- Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
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