Family:
Malvaceae Juss.
Genus:
Triumfetta Plum. ex L.

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & Subtropical Old World. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for food.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 600 m.; Llanura del Caribe, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Morphology General Habit
Arbusto
Conservation
No Evaluada

[FTEA]

Tiliaceae, C. Whitehouse, M. Cheek, S. Andrews & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2001

Morphology General Habit
Annual herb to perennial woody subshrub, 15 cm to 2 m tall; stem erect, to 1 cm diameter at base, red-brown, pubescent, scurfy, scabrid or glabrous above.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf blade rhombic to broadly or narrowly elliptic or ovate, 3-lobed to 1/2–3/4-way to base, rarely entire, 2.5–11.5(–17) cm long, 2.5–8(–10.5) cm wide, apex acute, rarely shortly acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse, 1–2-serrate-dentate, the tips of the proximal teeth replaced with black crater-like glands, subglabrous or more often subscabrid to thinly pubescent above, often deeply pubescent beneath; petiole terete, 1–4.5(–7) cm long, thickly pubescent; stipules narrowly elliptic to linear, to 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, black, falling early.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence terminal, 1–4-branched, (5–)10–35 cm long, nodes with reduced leaves becoming more linear and smaller towards the top, internodes 1.5–4 cm, each with 1–6 leaf-subopposed cymes; peduncles 2–3 mm long, each bearing (1–)3(–5) flowers; bracts as stipules 1–3.5 mm long; pedicels 1–2 mm long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals narrowly elliptic to linear, 8–9 mm long, sparsely stellate-hairy outside, apical spine 0.25–0.5 mm long, conspicuously red in bud.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals spathulate, 5–7 mm long, 1.5–2 mm wide, basal 1 mm hairy.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens (14–)15.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary sparsely hairy.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruits 3–20 per node, indehiscent, globose, 5–7 mm diameter (fruit body 3–5 mm), densely covered in long white hairs, with ± 120 patent, glabrous or rarely subglabrous, dark brown spines, each with a translucent, forward directed recurved hair at the tip.
Figures
Fig. 13/1–5.
Habitat
Weed of cultivation, but also occurring in disturbed areas in the wild, particularly in bushland; 0–2750 m
Distribution
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 P T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 pantropical

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean. Elevation range: 600–600 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Magdalena.
Habit
Shrub.
Conservation
National Red List of Colombia (2021): Potential LC.

[FWTA]

Tiliaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:2. 1958

Morphology General Habit
A weedy undershrub, variable in habit and foliage
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers orange or yellow.

[FZ]

Tiliaceae, H. Wild. Flora Zambesiaca 2:1. 1963

Morphology General Habit
Very polymorphic species, usually annual but there seem to be perennial forms.
Morphology Stem
Stems almost glabrous to velvety or tomentose, up to c. 2 m. tall.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-lamina 2·5–15 × 2–10 cm., ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute at the apex, often 3-lobed, cordate or truncate at the base, 3–7-nerved from the base, irregularly serrate; petiole up to 5 cm. long; stipules c. 4 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, setose-pubescent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences leafy, with the inflorescence leaves smaller and narrower than the cauline ones; cymes crowded at the nodes; peduncles of cymes and pedicels short, 1·5–3 mm. long; bracts c. 3 mm. long, linear, pubescent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals 4–5 mm. long, linear, hooded towards the apex, stellate-pubescent outside or almost glabrous; subapical horn c. 0·5 mm. long, setulose-pubescent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals yellow, slightly shorter than the sepals, linear-oblanceolate, villous at the base.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androgynophore
Androgynophore 0·25 mm. tall with circular glands: annulus villous on its upper margin.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens c. 15.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
Ovary 2–3-locular, closely setulose or echinulate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit 4–5 mm. in diam. including the aculei, globose or ovoid-globose, its body densely tomentose; aculei uncinate at the apex, glabrous.

[UPFC]
Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.
Use Social
Social uses.

Native to:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, China South-Central, China Southeast, Congo, East Himalaya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Kazan-retto, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Alabama, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Caroline Is., Colombia, Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Marquesas, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Is., Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Society Is., St.Helena, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis-Futuna Is., Windward Is.

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jul 26, 2018 Takeuchi, W. et al. [14091], Papua New Guinea K000223872 No
Jan 1, 2013 I Made Maduarta (Pung) [IMM 52], Lesser Sunda Is. K000734515 No
Jun 1, 2008 Decker [397], French Polynesia K000224969 No
Jun 1, 2008 Reynoso [PPI 27116], Philippines K000224962 No
May 1, 2002 Etuge, M. [4046], Cameroon K000026380 No
May 1, 2002 Cheek, M. [8880], Cameroon K000026381 No
May 1, 2002 Etuge, M. [2499], Cameroon K000026378 No
May 1, 2002 Etuge, M. [1796], Cameroon K000026377 No
May 1, 2002 Cheek, M. [9446], Cameroon K000026382 No
May 1, 2002 Sebsebe [5062], Cameroon K000026379 No
Dec 1, 2000 Etuge, M. [4591], Cameroon K000337689 No
Dec 1, 2000 Pollard, B.J. [77], Cameroon K000337690 No
Dec 1, 2000 Pollard, B.J. [374], Cameroon K000337688 No
Apr 1, 1997 Cheek, M. [8475], Cameroon K000337692 No
Apr 1, 1997 Munyenyembe, P. [809], Cameroon K000337691 No
Sep 1, 1995 Cheek, M. [7287], Cameroon K000093790 No
Sep 1, 1991 Cheek, M. [5652], Cameroon K000540301 No
Jun 1, 1980 Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [8576], Cameroon K000094551 No
Jan 1, 1958 Drege [s.n.], South Africa K000242101 Yes
Jan 1, 1958 Krauss [56], South Africa K000242102 Yes
Jan 1, 1958 Gerrard, W. T. [151], South Africa K000242103 Yes
Don, G [s.n.], Ghana K000232547 Yes
Don, G [[3]], Ghana K000232548 Yes
K000241989 Yes
Hendelot [66], Niger K000241990 Unknown type material Yes
Drege [s.n.], South Africa K000242104 Yes
Rehmann, A. [6318], South Africa K000242105 Unknown type material Yes
Don, G. [s.n.], West Tropical Africa K000232549 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [134], Cameroon K000094554 No
Glaziou, A.F.M. [13559], Brazil K001209594 Yes
Brunt, M.A. [542], Cameroon K000094559 No
Bidgood, S. [5804], Tanzania K000468621 No
Hepper, F.N. [1987], Cameroon K000094555 No
Maitland, T.D. [135], Cameroon K000094550 No
Robertson, S.A. [7629], Kenya K000823781 No
Morton, J.K. [6737], Cameroon K000094556 No
Miller, A.G. [496], Yemen K000686929 Yes
Meijer, W. [15375], Cameroon K000094553 No
Guyana K001486273 Yes
Guyana K001486275 Yes
Guyana K001486276 Yes
Guyana K001486277 Yes
french guiana (Cayene) K001486278 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075] Triumfetta angulata K001110948 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075] Triumfetta angulata K001110951 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075], India Triumfetta angulata K001110947 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075] Triumfetta angulata K001110945 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075], India Triumfetta angulata K001110946 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075] Triumfetta angulata K001110949 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1075], Myanmar Triumfetta angulata K001110952 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1075], India Triumfetta angulata K001110950 Yes
Jan 1, 2015 Du, N.V. et al. [HNK 2465], Vietnam Triumfetta bartramia K001045529 No
Jan 1, 2015 Lim [FRI 56519], Malaya Triumfetta bartramia K001045533 No
Martius [1263], Rio de Janeiro Triumfetta bartramia K000381759 Unknown type material Yes
Schomburgk [271], Bahia Triumfetta bartramia K000381761 isotype Yes
Nascimento, M.S.B. [224], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209583 Yes
Eiten, G. [2643], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209586 Yes
Swainson [s.n.], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209590 Yes
Braga, J.M.A. [7213], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209592 Yes
Nascimento, M.S.B. [224], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209568 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [8747], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209569 Yes
Lindeman, J.C. [731], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209584 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [8747], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209570 Yes
Maas, P.J.M. [421], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209567 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [17580], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209566 Yes
Saltzmann [s.n.], Bahia Triumfetta bartramia K000381760 Yes
Lima, A. [s.n.], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209587 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [21224], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209585 Yes
Gardner, G. [s.n.], Brazil Triumfetta bartramia K001209591 Yes

First published in Enum. Syst. Pl.: 22 (1760)

Accepted by

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Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Chev. Bot. 89.
  • Sprague & Hutch. in J. Linn. Soc. 39: 266
  • —F.T.A. 1: 257, partly

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
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  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1987). Flore des Mascareignes 51-62: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
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  • Boulos, L. (2000). Flora of Egypt 2: 1-352. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Browicz, K. (1981). Flora Iranica 148: 1-15. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
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  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Christopherson, E. (1935). Flowering Plants of Samoa Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 128: 1-221.
  • Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1991). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 7: 1-439. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Exell, A.W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1963). Flora Zambesiaca 2(1): 1-351. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2015). Flora of North America North of Mexico 6: 1-468. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Florence, J. (2004). Flore de la Polynésie Française 2: 1-503. IRD editions, Paris.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Compendium de la Flore Phanérogamique des Nouvelles Hébrides Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Geologique de Marseille, VI, 5-6: 1-56.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition Sommerfeltia 17: 1-295.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of Japan IIc: 1-328. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Lambdon, P. (2012). Flowering plants & ferns of St Helena: 1-624. Pisces publications for St Helena nature conservation group.
  • Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoly, J. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Flore de la Tshopo (RD Congo): Familles des Malvaceae, Orchidaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae Taxonomania 29: 1-41.
  • Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh l?c các loài th?c v?t Vi?t Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà N?i : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p.
  • Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.
  • Masharabu, T., Bigendako, M.J., Lejoly, J., Nkengurutse, J., Noret, N., Bizuru, E. & Bogaert, J. (2010). Etude analytique de la flore et de la végétation du Parc National de la Ruvubu, Burundi International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 4: 834-856.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Morat, P. (ed.) (1996). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 20: 1-145. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1 Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (1993). Flora of Thailand 6(1): 1-80. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Whitehouse, C., Cheek, M., Andrews, S. & Verdcourt, B. (2001). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae: 1-120.
  • Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A. Engler & O. Drude, Die Vegetation Der Erde, IX, Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3(2): 367 (1921).
  • A.J. Jex-Blake, Some Wild Flowers of Kenya p. 33 (1948).
  • Agnew, A.D.Q. & Agnew, S., Upland Kenya Wild Flowers, ed. 2: 96, t. 25 (1994).
  • Beentje, Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas p. 160 (1994).
  • Blundell, Wild Flow. E. Afr.: 70, t. 503 (1987).
  • Burret in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907-1908, 2 (Botanik) p. 499 (1912).
  • Cufod., Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Supplement in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.) p. 529 (1958).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 572 (1961).
  • E. Lind & A. Tallantire, Some Common Flowering Plants of Uganda, ed. 2: 60, fig. 16 (1971).
  • Excell & Mendonça in Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 234 (1951).
  • F. W. Andr., The Flowering Plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1: 227 (1950).
  • F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 240 (1962).
  • Hanid in A.D.Q. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers p. 188, fig. on 189 (1974).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 623 (1949).
  • Jacq., Select. Stirp. Am. Hist: 147, t. 90 (1763).
  • K. Schum. in Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete, Theile C: 265 (1895).
  • Keay in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 309 (1958).
  • Mast. in Flora of Tropical Africa 1: 257 (1868).
  • R. Wilczek in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 10: 49, fig. 1a, 2a, 3a (1963).
  • Robyns, Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert 1: 571 (1948).
  • Sprague & Hutch. in Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 39: 266 (1909).
  • T.V. Jacobs in Phyton 61: 92, fig. 2/n (1997).
  • Troupin, Fl. Pl. Lign. Rwanda: 682, fig. 236/2 (1982)
  • Troupin, Fl. Rwanda 2: 376, fig. 120/2 (1983).
  • Vollesen in Fl. Eth. 2(2): 162, fig. 79.7/1–2 & 4 (1995).
  • Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 34 (1980).
  • Wild & Gonç. in Fl. Moçamb. 28: 47 (1969).
  • Wild in Flora Zambesiaca 2: 73 (1963).
  • Wild in Flora of Southern Africa 21(1): 24, fig. 2/3 (1984).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

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  • Plants and People Africa

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