Verbenaceae
Lantana

Lantana camara L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 627 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Mexico to Tropical America. It is a subshrub or shrub and grows primarily in the subtropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food, a poison, a medicine and invertebrate food and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil North, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Assam, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Caroline Is., Cook Is., DR Congo, Fiji, Galápagos, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Hawaii, India, Italy, Kenya, Malaya, Marianas, Marshall Is., Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, Phoenix Is., Queensland, Sri Lanka, Tonga, Tuamotu

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Beaman, J.H. & Anderson, C. (2004). The Plants of Mount Kinabalu 5: 1-609. Natural history publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.) in Steyermark, J., Berry, P.E., Holts, B.K. (eds). (2005). Rutaceae-Zygophyllaceae. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 9: 1-608. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2010). Flora Iberica 12: 1-650. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2004). Liste de la Flore vasculaire de l'île Robinson Crusoe archipel Juan Fernández, Chili. Journal de Botanique Société de Botanique de France 24: 67-78.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae). Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fernandes, R.B. (2006). Contribução para o conhecimento das Avicenniaceae e Verbenaceae da Flora de Angola. Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17(2): 5-68.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2008). Med-Checklist Notulae, 27. Willdenowia 38: 465-474.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Ramella, L. & Perret, P. (eds.) (2009). Notulae ad Floram Paraquaiensem, 101-104. Candollea 64: 295-308.
  • Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.
  • Sanders, R.W. (2006). Taxonomy of Lantana sect. Lantana (Verbenaceae): I. Correct application of Lantana camara and associated names. Sida 22: 381-421.
  • Sanders, R.W. (2012). Taxonomy of Lantana sect. Lantana (Verbenaceae): II. Taxonomic revision. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 6: 403-441.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Vikraman, R.R., Pandurangan, A.G. & Thulasidas, G. (2008). A study on the garden escaped exotics of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 765-781.
  • Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
  • Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Zappi, D.C. & al. (2003). Lista das plantas vasculares de Catoles. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 21(2): 345-398.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • L., Sp. Pl. 2: 627 (1753).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Chev. Bot. 502.
  • F.T.A. 5: 275
  • Sp. Pl. 2: 627 (1753)

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Bernal, R., Galeano, G., Rodríguez, A., Sarmiento, H. & Gutiérrez, M. (2017). Nombres comunes de las plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew’s Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/

Flora Zambesiaca

  • A. Chevalier, Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Fr. 1 : 502 (1920).
  • A. de Candolle, Prodr. 11 : 598 (1847).
  • A. de Candolle, Prodr. 11 : 600 (1847).
  • Adams, Fl. Pl. Jamaica: 629 (1972).
  • Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60 : 57 (1973).
  • Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60 : 58 (1973).
  • Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr., Fl. Java 2 : 597 (1965).
  • Blumea 5 : 69 (1942).
  • Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 61 : 131 (1989), in adnot.
  • Bothalia 10 , 3: 496 (1971).
  • Brenan, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 639 (1949).
  • Bull. Jard. Bot. État 7 : 38 (1920).
  • Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 , 3a: 151 (1897).
  • Estud. Ensaios Doc. Junta Invest. Ci. Ultramar [in Mendonça, Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Moçamb., II] 12 : 166 (1954).
  • F.C. 5 , 1: 191 (1901).
  • F.T.A. 5 : 275 (1900).
  • F.T.E.A., Verbenaceae: 39 (1992).
  • F.W.T.A., ed. 2, 2 : 435 (1963).
  • Fl. Cuba 4 : 287, fig. 123B (1957)*.
  • Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1 , 4: 827 (1900).
  • Hutchinson & Dalziel, F.W.T.A. 2 : 269 (1931).
  • J. Bot. 68 , Suppl. 2 (Gamopet.): 139 (1930).
  • J.H. Ross, Fl. Natal: 299 (1972).
  • Leon & Alain, Fl. Cuba 4 : 287 (1957).
  • Lilloa 4 : 288 (1939)
  • M. Coates Palgrave, ed. 3 of K. Coates Palgrave, Trees South. Africa: 976 (2002).
  • Martineau, Rhodesia Wild Fl.: 65 (1953).
  • Merxmüller, Prodr. Fl. SW. Afrika, fam. 122: 7 (1967).
  • Moldenke, Résumé Verbenaceae: 458 (Taxon. Index, 1959).
  • Myre, Algumas Plantas nocivas [Inst. Inv. Cient. Mocambique]: 9, fig. 1–3 (1964).
  • Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2 : 140 (1806).
  • Rev. Fl. Ceylon 4 : 229 (1983).
  • Résumé Verbenaceae: 458 (Taxon. Index, 1959)
  • T. & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol.: 434 (1909).
  • Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 4 : 60 (1845).
  • White, For. Fl. N. Rhod.: 368 (1962) excl. spec. White 1807 pro parte.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.
  • Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • Buragohain, S. & Sarma, G.C. (2009). The exotic weeds of Guwahati, Assam and their role in employment generation. Pleione 3(1): 45-49.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Stoddard, D.R. (1994). Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific. Atoll Research Bulletin 393: 1-60.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Gonçales Salimenas, F.R. & al. (2016). Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins 47: 1-157. Universidade Federal de Goiás.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1993). Flora of Japan IIIa: 1-482. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jaramillo Díaz, P. & Guézou, A. (2017). CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galápagos http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/vascular-plants/.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Sachet, M.-H. (1969). List of vascular flora of Rangiroa. Atoll Research Bulletin 125: 33-44.
  • Sanders, R.W. (2012). Taxonomy of Lantana sect. Lantana (Verbenaceae): II. Taxonomic revision. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 6: 403-441.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Stinca, A. & al. (2017). New alien vascular species for the flora of southern Italy. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 72: 295-301.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.

Flora of Somalia

  • Fernandes in Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 61: 125–214 (1989).
  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Castañeda, R.R. (1991). Frutas silvestres de Colombia. Instituto Colombiano de Cultura Hispánica.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Bak. in Flora of Tropical Africa 5: 275 (1900).
  • Blundell, Wild Fl. E. Afr.: 398, t. 704 (1987).
  • Blundell, Wild Fl. Kenya: 109, 31/197 (1982).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 586 (1961).
  • F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 368 (1962).
  • Fosberg & Renvoize, Fl. Aldabra: 223, fig. 35/5 (1980).
  • Ivens, E. Afr. Weeds: 65 (1967).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 639 (1949).
  • Jafri & Ghafour in Fl. W. Pakistan 77: 9 (1974).
  • Jex-Blake, Gard. E. Afr., ed. 4: 117, 239 (1957).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 627 (1753).
  • Meikle in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 435 (1963).
  • Moldenke in Rev. Fl. Ceylon 4: 220 (1983) (extensive bibliography, synonymy and uses).
  • Nash & Nee, Fl. Veracruz 41: 70 (1984) (extensive synonymy).
  • R. O. Williams, Useful and Ornamental Plants in Zanzibar and Pemba p. 326 (1949).
  • Sanders in Syst. Bot. 12(1): 44–60, fig. 9 (1987).
  • Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11: 598 (1847).
  • Sinha & Sharma in F. Fedde, Repertorium Speciorum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 95: 621–633 (1984) (extensive biological references).
  • Spies & Stirton in Bothalia 14: 101–111 (1982).
  • Spies in S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 3: 231–250 (1984) (cytotaxonomy).
  • Townsend, Fl. Iraq 4: 656 (1980).
  • Verdc. & Trump, Common Poisonous Pl. E. Afr.: 172 (1969).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2018 Henkel, T. ; James, R. [3882] Guyana K001639470 Yes
Jan 1, 2018 Redden, K.M. ; Williams, R. ; Perry, C. ; Rodriguez, A. [2173] Guyana K001639465 Yes
Jun 29, 2017 Parada, G.A.; Linneo, I.; Inturias, S.; Carreno, S.; Roth, C. [1234] Bolivia K000374309 Yes
Oct 27, 2009 Graham, J.G. [797] Peru K000248812 Yes
Oct 27, 2009 Vigo, J.S. [15246] Peru K000248811 Yes
Sep 30, 2009 Amith, J. [1194] Mexico K000248756 Yes
Sep 30, 2009 Amith, J. [1194] Mexico K000248757 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Fuentes, A. [10640] Bolivia K000248730 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Linneo, I. [862] Bolivia K000248729 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Hora, M. [77] Brazil K000248735 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Oliveira, F. [732] Brazil K000248746 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Mendonca, R. [3637] Brazil K000248709 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Lliully, A. [483] Bolivia K000248728 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Jimenez, J. [773] Bolivia K000248716 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Figueiredo, L. [568] Brazil K000248711 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Figueiredo, L. [560] Brazil K000248710 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Tscha, M. [75] Brazil K000248734 Yes
Sep 25, 2009 Gomes, A.P.S. [40] Brazil K000248733 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Friedberg, A. [M15] Madagascar K000248500 Yes
Mar 12, 2008 Harley, R.M. [54892] Brazil K000479804 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Candelario, M. [RL-00032] El Salvador K000509528 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Redden, K.M.; Perry, C.; Benjamin, P.; Singh, D.; Wilkie, C.; Hinchliff, C.E. [4473] Guyana K001577329 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Bavazzano, R. [60] Tanzania K000509595 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Montalvo, E.A. [6293] El Salvador K000509526 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Campos, A. [RT-00039] El Salvador K000509527 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Jinaun, J. [49] Borneo K000509575 Yes
Sep 1, 1999 de Carvalho, A.M.; Gasson, P.; Amorim, A.; Sant'Ana, S.C. [3683] Brazil K000014326 Yes
Sep 1, 1999 de Carvalho, A.M.; Brito, H.S.; dos Santos, E.B. [2663] Brazil K000014328 Yes
Jun 1, 1999 Hatschbach, G.; Hatschbach, M.; Barbosa, E. [67577] Brazil K000012225 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Campelo, M.J.; Andrade, K.; Freire, E.; Nunes, R. [61] Brazil K000012177 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Figueiredo, L.S.; Andrade, K.; Laurenio, A.; Rodal, M.J.N.; Gomes, A.P.S. [38] Brazil K000012180 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Andrade, K.; Figuereido, L.; Gomes, C. [74] Brazil K000012171 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Gouveia, E.P. [6583] Brazil K000013457 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Sellow [371] Brazil K000013516 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Hind, D.J.N.; Nic Lughadha, E.; Souza, V.C.; Sakuragui, C.M. [H50278] Brazil K000012011 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Burchell [s.n.] Brazil K000837885 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Gardner [1384] Brazil K000013458 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Salzmann [0] Brazil K000013456 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 s.coll. [182] Brazil K000837884 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Burchell [786] Brazil K000837886 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Gardner [1384] Brazil K000837889 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Burchell [1732] Brazil K000837887 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Sellow [637] Brazil K000013518 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Ganev, W. [403] Brazil K000013998 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Sellow [0] Brazil K000013517 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Gardner [2287] Brazil K000013459 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Gardner [2287] Brazil K000013438 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Hatschbach, G.; Silva, J.M. [50848] Brazil K000013455 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Sellow [0] Brazil K000013515 No
Jan 1, 1998 Gardner [1384] Brazil K000013441 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Irwin, H.S.; Grear, J.W., Jr.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R. [14949] Brazil K000837890 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Fritz Muller [144] Brazil K000837891 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Rodrigues, E.H.; Lira, S.S.; Menezes, E.; Marcon, A.B. [9] Brazil K000013444 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Mattos Silva, L.A.; Brito, H.S. [938] Brazil K000013448 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Preston, T.A. [1872] Brazil K000013440 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Ferraz, E.; Silva, D.C. [264] Brazil K000013452 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Silva, D.C.; Cruz, N.; Carvalho, M.; Teixeira, V. [82] Brazil K000013451 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Pickersgill, B.; de Andrade-Lima, D.; Barrett, S.C.H.; Hill, R.A. [RU72461] Brazil K000013443 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Salimena-Pires, F.R.; Conceicao, A.A.; Nobre, P.; Atkinson, R.; Woodgyer, E.; Giulietti, A.M.; Lima, R.; Roque, N.; Stannard, B. [PCD2303] Brazil K000013962 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Moura, O.T. [17608] Brazil K000013449 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Agra, M.F. [1184] Brazil K000013446 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Tscha, M.; Naurias, S.; Freitas, F.; Silva, L. [185] Brazil K000013445 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Fevereiro, V.P.B.; Mayo, S.J.; da Silva, M.B.; de Oliveira, A.G.de, P.; Flor, J. [M491] Brazil K000013450 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [10551] Brazil K000837883 Yes
Dec 1, 1996 Yoshida Arns, K.N.; Oliveira, M.; Lucena, M.F.A.; Souza, E.B. [100] Brazil K000013434 Yes
Jan 1, 1996 Souza, V.C.; Sano, P.T.; Roque, N.; Harley, R.; Sakuragui, C.M. [5397] Brazil K000013433 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Henrique, V.V.; Villarouco, F.; Lira, S.S.; Menezes, E.; Rodrigues, E.; Costa, M.B.; Silva [8] Brazil K000013430 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Tscha, M.; Silva, L.; Henrique, V.V. [75] Brazil K000013431 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Fevereiro, V.P.B.; Mayo, S.J.; da Silva, M.B.; de Oliveria, A.G.de, P.; Flor, J. [M491] Brazil K000013442 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Andrade, K.; Gopmes, A.P.S.; Inacio, E.; Freire, E. [344] Brazil K000013432 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Harley, R.M.; Stannard, B.; Hind, D.J.N.; Arrais, M.G.M.; Prado, J. [27371] Brazil K000013435 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Santos, E.B.; Alves, M.C. [97] Brazil K000013439 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Noblick, L.R.; Lobo, G.C. [4346] Brazil K000013447 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Harley, R.M.; Mayo, S.J.; Mayo, A.K. [27705] Brazil K000013436 Yes
Jan 1, 1984 Bastos, B.C. [96] Brazil K000013453 Yes
Jan 1, 1984 Bastos, B.C. [330] Brazil K000013437 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Luetzelburg, P.V. [26850] Brazil K000837876 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Zambia K004503282 Yes
Angus, A.; Wild, H. [1832] Zambia K004503266 Yes
Angus, A. [1770] Zambia K004503272 Yes
Davies, R.M. [D33] Tanzania K004502765 Yes
Batty (Mrs.) [1079] Tanzania K004502768 Yes
Stirton, C.H. [10588] South Africa K:SPC-50282.000 No
Reekmans, M. [8944] Burundi K004502453 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C. [2234] Mozambique K004503253 Yes
Napier, E.R. [429] Kenya K004502744 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Zambia K004503264 Yes
Robertson, S.A. [7038] Kenya K004502753 Yes
Michael Fay, J.; Ngaindiro, S.; Jules, F.; Raymond, S.; Remy, N. [s.n.] Central African Republic K004502446 Yes
Gilliland, H.B. [K769] Zimbabwe K004503286 Yes
Angus, A. [1828] Zambia K004503268 Yes
Ecuador K:SPC-51232.000 No
Bally; Smith, A.R. [B14344] Kenya K004502749 Yes
Welwitsch [5765] Angola K001009733 Yes
Tanner, R. [3949] Tanzania K004502775 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C. [1615] Mozambique K004503248 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Harley, R.M.; Daniel, T. [18327] Bolivia K001581219 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [1450] Zambia K004503278 Yes
Womersley, J.S. [NGF19036] Papua New Guinea K004502221 Yes
Stirton, C.H. [10631] South Africa K:SPC-50279.000 No
Mwangargi, O.M.; Msafiri, F. [1616] Kenya K004502740 Yes
Louis [9579] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004502456 Yes
Reverchon, E. [s.n.] Spain K000759910 Unknown Type Material Yes
Mgaza, C.D. [66] Tanzania K004502772 Yes
Mueller, F. [377] Brazil K000837879 Yes
Bateson, G. [112] K004502218 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Kaunda, K. [4086] Malawi K004503259 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [2673] Zambia K004503277 Yes
Manning, S.D. [650] Cameroon K004502455 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Kanuri [13009] Kenya K004502747 Yes
Lawrence, E. [44] Malawi K004503258 Yes
Traill, J.W.H. [662] Brazil K000837878 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C.; de Koning, J.; Dungo, J. [1134] Mozambique K004503246 Yes
Ngoundai [65] Tanzania K004502776 Yes
Regnell, A.F. [336] Brazil K000837882 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [F11759] Zambia K004503274 Yes
Norrgrann, G. [128] Zimbabwe K004503287 Yes
Zunguze, D.; Boane, C.; Dungo, J. [556] Mozambique K004503250 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Bromley, G.L.; de Carvalho, A.M.; Hage, J.L.; Brito, H.S. [21617] Brazil K000013454 Yes
Bos, J.J. [2954] Cameroon K004502450 Yes
Binns, B. [450] Malawi K004503255 Yes
Fries, T.C.E.; Norlindh, N.T.; Weimarck, H. [2845] Zimbabwe K004503288 Yes
Coode, M.; Cropley, T.; Katik, P. [NGF29794] Papua New Guinea K004502225 Yes
Stirton, C.H. [10583] South Africa K:SPC-50275.000 No
Lawrence, E. [45] Malawi K004503257 Yes
Gichuru, J. [15] Kenya K004502742 Yes
Hartley, T.G. [TGH11671] Papua New Guinea K004502228 Yes
Stirton, C.H.; Schrire, B.D.; Robertson, S.A. [13300] Kenya K004502756 Yes
Grimshaw, J.F. [JMG93396] Tanzania K004502764 Yes
Soane, C. [158] Zimbabwe K004503284 Yes
Buderus, J. [NGF23930] K004502226 Yes
Dusén, P. [8735] Brazil K000837880 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil K000837875 Yes
Procter, J.; Shabani, S. [2763] Tanzania K004502771 Yes
Tanner, R.E.S. [RT6012] Tanzania K004502774 Yes
Banda, E.A.; Tawakali, E.J. [3349] Malawi K004503260 Yes
Schlieben, H.J. [2561] Tanzania K004502770 Yes
van der Zon, A.P.M. [535] Benin K001562489 Yes
Ligon, K. [59] Malaysia K001622785 Yes
Maiato, F.; Goyder, D.J. [2099] Angola K001622852 Yes
Todd, H. [28] Cameroon K001480196 Yes
Pollard, B.J.; Djire.; Acan.; Reid. [775] Cameroon K000374734 Yes
Muge, F. [6] Tanzania K004502767 Yes
Staudt [442] Cameroon K004502461 Yes
Tanner, R. [2277] Tanzania K004502766 Yes
Yamada, T. [269] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004502458 Yes
Stirton, C.H. [10554] South Africa K:SPC-50271.000 No
Verdcourt [1573] Kenya K004502737 Yes
Womersley, J.S.; Kazakof, M. [7919] Papua New Guinea K004502219 Yes
Burchell [902] Brazil K000837888 Yes
Gilliland, H.B. [769] Zimbabwe K004503285 Yes
Womersley, J.S.; Simmonds, W. [5093] Papua New Guinea K004502222 Yes
Williams, G.R. [553] Kenya K004502746 Yes
Angus, A. [1826] Zambia K004503269 Yes
Angus, A. [1834] Zambia K004503265 Yes
Klein, M. [6] Gabon K004502459 Yes
Biegel, H.M. [4669] Zimbabwe K004503283 Yes
Welwitsch [5650] Angola K001009871 Yes
Ngoundai [286] Tanzania K004502778 Yes
Mungai, G.M.; Mutangah, J.G.; Rucina, S.M.; et al. [59] Kenya K004502755 Yes
Astle, W.L. [922] Zambia K004503279 Yes
Vandenberg, J.; Mann, E. [NGF42253] Papua New Guinea K004502230 Yes
Bingham, M.G.; Luwiika, B. [11908] Zambia K004503273 Yes
Tweedie [1537] Kenya K004502738 Yes
Ruffo [1059] Tanzania K004502769 Yes
Angus, A. [1838] Zambia K004503263 Yes
Womersley, J.S. [NGF24693] Papua New Guinea K004502229 Yes
Welwitsch [5715] Angola K001009872 Yes
Froment, D. [712] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004502452 Yes
Ament, J.; Magogo, F. [282] Kenya K004502745 Yes
Breteler, F.J. [6288] Gabon K004502463 Yes
s.coll. [238] Zambia K004503275 Yes
Stirton, C.H.; Schrire, B.D.; Robertson, S.A. [13292] Kenya K004502757 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [8256] Cameroon K004502454 Yes
Gonde, P. [28/73] Zimbabwe K004503292 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [4221] Zambia K004503276 Yes
Myres, R.J. (Miss) [213] Zimbabwe K004503293 Yes
Methuen (Lord) [224] Mozambique K004503249 Yes
James, S.A.; Damas, D.; Bau, E.; David, O.; Gaumina, A.; Goea, E. [SAJ0366] Papua New Guinea K004502227 Yes
Michael Fay, J. [5148] Central African Republic K004502447 Yes
Soares, A. [243] Brazil K000837877 Yes
Goodier, R. [521] Zimbabwe K004503295 Yes
Borle, J. [150] Zimbabwe K004503291 Yes
Angus, A. [1839] Zambia K004503262 Yes
Robertson, S.A. [7039] Kenya K004502754 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C.; Maite, A.; Dungo, J. [797] Mozambique K004503252 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Rutherford-Smith, R.O.B. [7280] Zambia K004503280 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Zambia K004503270 Yes
Camerik, A.M. [101] Botswana K004503294 Yes
Wilks, C.M. [1283] Gabon K004502462 Yes
Angus, A. [1821] Zambia K004503271 Yes
Persson, I. [39] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004502457 Yes
Bally; Windisch-Graetz, P. [B7574] Tanzania K004502773 Yes
Salubeni, A.J. [1360] Malawi K004503256 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C.; Maite, A.; Dungo, J. [952] Mozambique K004503247 Yes
Burchell [9229] Brazil K000837881 Yes
Moriarty, A. [352] Malawi K004503261 Yes
Bogdan, A. [AB4166] Kenya K004502743 Yes
Coode, M.; Cropley, T. [NGF29587] Papua New Guinea K004502224 Yes
Carvalho [4012] Equatorial Guinea K004502443 Yes
Spjut, R.W.; Ensor, P.D. [2609] Kenya K004502748 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Amosi, A. [3966] Malawi K004503254 Yes
Robertson, S.A. [3251] Kenya K004502750 Yes
Borhidi, A.; Iversen, S.T.; Temu, R.P.C. [86185] Tanzania K004502777 Yes
Paso, T. [8601] Benin K004502444 Yes
Angus, A. [1830] Zambia K004503267 Yes
Brunt, M. [1449] Kenya K004502741 Yes
Chipunga, L. [87] Zimbabwe K004503289 Yes
Perdue, R.E.; Kibuwa, S.P. [9514] Kenya K004502739 Yes
Magogo, F.; Glover, P. [434] Kenya K004502752 Yes
Pleyte, D.R. [850] Indonesia K004502223 Yes
Norrgran, G. [128] Zimbabwe K004503290 Yes
Wiakabu, J.; Yefle, P. [LAE70305] Papua New Guinea K004502231 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Zambia K004503281 Yes
Bateson, G. [112] K004502220 Yes
Dang, D. [120] Cameroon K004502449 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C. [1733] Mozambique K004503251 Yes
Reekmans, M. [11176] Burundi K004502448 Yes
Jeffery, G.M. [K28] Kenya K004502751 Yes
Saxer, A. [510] Cameroon K004502451 Yes
Michael Fay, J.; Doka, J. [s.n.] Central African Republic K004502445 Yes

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