Rubiaceae

Mussaenda Burm. ex L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 177 (1753)
This genus is accepted
The native range of this genus is Tropical Africa, W. Indian Ocean, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to Pacific.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Central African Republic, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Congo, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Philippines, Réunion, Samoa, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Queensland, Trinidad-Tobago

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Accepted Species

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Alejandro, G.J.D., Meve, U. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2016). A taxonomic revision of Philippine Mussaenda (Rubiaceae, Mussaendeae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 101: 457-524.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Shimpale, V.B., Yadav, S.R. & Babu, C.R. (2009). A review of the genus Mussaenda (Rubiaceae) from Great Nicobar island, India, including a new species. Rheedea 19: 53-57.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • F. Hallé in Adansonia 1: 266—298 (1961).
  • Wernham in J. Bot. 51: 233 (1913)
  • —F.T.A. 3: 65

Flora Zambesiaca

  • F. Hallé in Adansonia, n.s. 1: 266–298 (1961).
  • Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 85 (1754).
  • Hiern in F.T.A. 3: 65 (1877).
  • Petit in Bull. Jard. Bot. État 25: 149–167 (1955).
  • Sp. Pl.: 177 (1753)
  • Wernham in J. Bot. 51: 233–240 & 274–278 (1913).

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • F. Hallé in Adansonia sér. 2, 1: 266–298 (1961)
  • Hiern in F.T.A. 3: 65 (1877)
  • L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 85 (1754)
  • Petit in B.J.B.B. 25: 149–167 (1955)
  • Sp. Pl.: 177 (1753)
  • Wernham in J.B. 51: 233–240 & 274–278 (1913)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Nov 14, 2016 Kungkai, R. [123] Malaysia K001273033 No
Jan 1, 2016 Ramos, M.; Edano, G. [Bureau of Science 26468] Philippines K001045939 Isotype Yes
Jun 1, 2015 Julaihi, L.C.J. [S.80228] Malaysia K001045272 No
Jun 1, 2015 Yahud, Banyeng, et al. [S. 54877] Malaysia K001045271 No
May 1, 2015 Mohtar, M. [S. 96166] Malaysia K001045208 No
Apr 28, 2015 Paie, I. [S.52000] Malaysia K001045197 No
Jan 1, 2015 Wallich, N. [6264] BU K000172545 Isolectotype Yes
May 25, 2012 Yahud; Mahmud et al. [S.88168] Malaysia K000771401 No
Jan 1, 2011 Du, N.V., et al. [HNK 2904] Vietnam K000174730 No
Dec 10, 2010 Rantai Jawa et al. [s.70070] Malaysia K000174596 No
Jan 1, 2010 Tchiengue, B. [2226] Cameroon K000616786 No
Jan 1, 2010 Howick; McNamara; Crombie [HMC 2535] Taiwan K000174349 No
Jan 1, 2010 Kulip, J., et al. [SAN 133871] Malaysia K000174583 No
Nov 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3704] Cameroon K000109785 No
Nov 1, 2001 Etuge, M. [1402 A] Cameroon K000109780 No
Nov 1, 2001 Onana, J.-M. [532 A] Cameroon K000109781 No
Nov 1, 2001 Etuge, M. [2714] Cameroon K000109791 No
Nov 1, 2001 Gosline, G. [82] Cameroon K000109783 No
Nov 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3827] Cameroon K000109788 No
Nov 1, 2001 Etuge, M. [2838] Cameroon K000109789 No
Nov 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3551] Cameroon K000109790 No
Nov 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3843] Cameroon K000109787 No
Nov 1, 2001 Cable, S. [2884] Cameroon K000109782 No
Nov 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3653] Cameroon K000109786 No
Nov 1, 2001 Etuge, M. [2641] Cameroon K000109784 No
Jun 5, 1913 Soyaus, H. [8] Gabon K000414489 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ching, Y.P. [S62304] Malaysia K005314296 Yes
Evrard, F. [648] Vietnam K005313921 Yes
Iharivolana; Havinga, A.M. [Ih 094] Madagascar K001765696 No
Phuong, V.X.; Huyen, D.D.; Du., N.V.; Binh, N.Q.; Xuyen, D.T.; de Kok, R.; Bramley, G.; Challen, G.; Vorontsova [HNK 138] Vietnam K001604722 Yes
Nkwawir, S.T., Walters, C. [3] Cameroon K001297536 Yes
Ghogue [1519] Cameroon K001572577 Yes
Onja H. Razafindratsima; Randrinasolo Mad; Tafitamahandry Anjaratiana [54] Madagascar K001561415 Yes
Athen, P. ; Lee, S. ; Ko Sa, E.L. [PA 145] Vietnam K001567922 Yes
Couch, C.A.; Larridon, I.; Balde, A.; Fofana, F. [848] Guinea K000609715 Yes
Nguyen, T.M.H.; O'Donnell,S.A. [0023] Vietnam K001569534 Yes
Ekema, S.N. [617] Cameroon K001401657 Yes
Kurz, S. [s.n.] Burma K005313519 Yes
Runi, Y.P.C.; et al. [S63181] Malaysia K005314298 Yes
s.coll. [[963001003]] India K005313464 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6260] Malaysia K001123460 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6250] Nepal K001123431 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6265] India K001123466 Unknown Type Material Yes
Suzana, S.; Julia, S.; Tan, H.S.; Nadiah, I.; Shalih, R. [S100539] K005314294 Yes
Gossweiler, J. [1262] Angola K001307529 No
Harder, D.K.; Lôc, P.K.; Stone, D.; Hieu, N.Q.; Thomas, A.L. [6022] Vietnam K005313925 Yes
Yii, P.C.; et a [S44770] Malaysia K005314281 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123428 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kermode, C.W.D. [17347] Burma K005313568 Yes
Beaman, J.H.; Beaman, T.E.; Davis, C.C. [11908] Malaysia K005314272 Yes
Sayers, D. [155] Papua New Guinea K005314856 No
Vu Xuan Phuong; Huyen, D.D.; Nguyen Van Du; Nguyen, Q.B.; Xuyen, D.T.; de Kok, R.; Bramley, G.; Challen, G.; Vorontsova, M. [HNK556] Vietnam K005313930 Yes
Barbon, E.B.; et al [PPI8910] Philippines K005314591 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6252] K001123440 Unknown Type Material Yes
Griffith, W. [s.n.] BU K000032015 Holotype Yes
Belcher, R.O. [869] Burma K005313524 Yes
Kostermans, A. [21459] Indonesia K005314274 Yes
Kanis, A. [1125] Papua New Guinea K005314855 No
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 6258] Burma K001123456 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6258] Burma K001123455 Unknown Type Material Yes
Enoh, M. [270] Malaysia K005314276 Yes
Kostermans, A. [5108] Malaysia K005314275 Yes
Reynoso; Sagcal; Garcia [PPI7015] Philippines K005314604 Yes
Dickason, F.G. [8413] Burma K005313564 Yes
Conn, B.; Masapuhafo, A.; Kairo, A. [7] K005314867 No
Banyeng; Yahud; et al. [S57377] Malaysia K005314285 Yes
Munting Eja [S56357] Malaysia K005314305 Yes
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [HNK 1539 (de Kok 1227)] Vietnam K:SPC-76884.000 No
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [HNK-1540] Vietnam K005313927 Yes
Gardner, S.; Sidisunthorn, P. [ST0821] Thailand K005313919 Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [21978] Philippines K000740979 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hla, T.; Koko, C. [3934] Burma K005313566 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6253] Burma K001123446 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gideon, O. [Lae57295] Papua New Guinea K005314872 No
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123429 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6251] K001123436 Unknown Type Material Yes
Loher, A. [1522] Philippines K005314599 Yes
Endert, F.H. [2174] Malaysia K005314278 Yes
Gideon, O.; et al. [LAE57268] Papua New Guinea K005314874 No
Yii Puan Ching [S61374] Malaysia K005314295 Yes
Beaman, J.H.; Cheek, M.; Beaman, T.E. [11855] K005314271 Yes
E.J.C [1271] India K000031984 Type Yes
Reynoso; Garcia; Sagcal [PPI14517] Philippines K005314593 Yes
Sands, M.J.S.; Pattison, G.A.; Wood, J.J. [SANDS2721] Papua New Guinea K005314879 No
[John Beco] [[4(GUUY 2)]] Papua New Guinea K005314863 No
Lace, J.H. [4427] Burma K005313565 Yes
Barbon; Alvarez; Garcia [PPI2020] Philippines K005314590 Yes
s.coll. [1271] India K000031985 Type Yes
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [MB83] Vietnam K005313931 Yes
Schodde, R. [2144] Papua New Guinea K005314859 No
Banyeng; Yahud; et al. [S57377] Malaysia K005314286 Yes
Davis, A.P.; et al. [1129] Madagascar K:SPC-63896.000 No
Hiep, N.T.; Lôc, P.K.; Averyanov, L. [NTH3884] Vietnam K005313924 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6257] K001123453 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [254] Malaysia K000740942 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ridsdale, C.E.; Reynoso, E. [1385] Philippines K005314594 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6254] Malaysia K001123447 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6250] Nepal K001123432 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gideon, O.; Mare, E. [Lae57303] Papua New Guinea K005314871 No
Banyeng; Yahud; et al. [S56698] Malaysia K005314300 Yes
Jamree; Banyeng; Enjah, A. [S73712] Malaysia K005314282 Yes
Ridsdale, C.E.; Reynoso, E. [1541] Philippines K005314596 Yes
Mohtar, Abg.; et al. [S52918] Malaysia K005314284 Yes
Davis, A.P.; et al. [1074] Madagascar K:SPC-63900.000 No
Gillison, A. [NGF22359] Papua New Guinea K005314881 No
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 6264] Burma K001123465 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6251] K001123438 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6259] Burma K001123458 Unknown Type Material Yes
Belcher, R.O. [694] Burma K005313567 Yes
Buderus, J. [NGF25812] Papua New Guinea K005314877 No
Harder, D.K.; Lôc, P.K.; Jaramillo, M.A. [4499] Vietnam K005313917 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123434 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6251] K001123439 Unknown Type Material Yes
Othman Ismawi (Hj.); et al. [S62256] K005314270 Yes
Kostemans [21064] Indonesia K005314289 Yes
Sonké, B.; Simo, M. [5289] Cameroon K001890753 Yes
Wong, K.M. [WKM 3551] Indonesia K001890482 Yes
Wong, K.M. [WKM 3551] Indonesia K001890483 Yes
Ligon, K. [18] Malaysia K001769560 Yes
Ligon, K. [54] Malaysia K001769580 Yes
Ralimanana., R.; Rajaonarison, R. [643] Madagascar K001891112 Yes
Briggs, M. ; Simbiak, V. ; Paiki, T. ; Bofra, T. [MB 585] Indonesia K001639348 Yes
Dawayan, A. [48] Malaysia K001635720 No
Balslev, H.; Poopath, M.; Karaket, P.; Thaotawin, P.; Kladwong, P.; Rujichaipimon, W.; Brem Nøhr, N. [10113] Thailand K001767489 No
Bissiengou, P.; Breteler, F.J.; Niangadouma, R.; Boussiengui, J.-N. [538] Gabon K001297980 No
Runi; Jalaihi; Banyeng; et al. [S73322] Malaysia K005314301 Yes
Ridsdale, C.E.; Reynoso, E. [1419] Philippines K005314597 Yes
Larivita, G.; Katik, P. [LAE67197] Papua New Guinea K005314865 No
Hoover, W.S. [471] Papua New Guinea K005314878 No
Endert, F.H. [2310] Malaysia K005314277 Yes
Kairo, A. [[5Kairo]] K005314864 No
Rena; Rantai; Enjah, A.; et al. [S60804] K005314280 Yes
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [HNK 1861 (MB 91)] Vietnam K:SPC-76877.000 No
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [HNK-1861] Vietnam K005313929 Yes
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 6261] Burma K001123461 Unknown Type Material Yes
Smitinand, T.; St John, H. [6842] Thailand K005313915 Yes
Ramos, M.; Edano, G. [31382] Philippines K005314429 Yes
Kurz, S. [26134] Burma K005313518 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123435 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rena; Rantai; Enjah, A.; et al. [S61043] K005314279 Yes
Lace, J.H. [2827] Burma K005313521 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123427 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6252] K001123444 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kostermans, A. [21139] Malaysia K005314288 Yes
Schodde, R. [1427] Papua New Guinea K005314880 No
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 6263] K001123464 Unknown Type Material Yes
Davis, A.P. [1102] Madagascar K:SPC-71559.000 No
Parkinson, C.E. [520] Burma K005313520 Yes
Reynoso; Alvarez; Fernando [PPI4137] Philippines K005314595 Yes
Banyeng; Yahud; et al. [S57377] Malaysia K005314287 Yes
Henry, A. [11790] China K000740901 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123423 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [HNK-2166] Vietnam K005313928 Yes
Vink, W. [16421] Papua New Guinea K005314858 No
Reynoso; Fuentes; Majaducon [PPI11790] Philippines K005314592 Yes
Romero, E.; Chavez, R. [PPI29372] Philippines K005314602 Yes
Fuentes, R.; Fernando, L. [PPI37394] Philippines K005314605 Yes
Kostermans, A. [10419] Malaysia K005314283 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123425 Unknown Type Material Yes
Barbon; Alvarez; Garcia [PPI2206] Philippines K005314588 Yes
Wallich, N. [6259] BU K000032016 Type Yes
Kanis, A. [1110] Papua New Guinea K005314854 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123426 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 6259] Burma K001123459 Unknown Type Material Yes
Davis, A.P.; et al. [1128] Madagascar K:SPC-63897.000 No
Kostermans, A. [21261] Indonesia K005314273 Yes
Ilias bin Paie [S28585] Malaysia K005314293 Yes
Du, N.V.; Quang, B.H.; Chinh, V.T.; The, P.V.; de Kok, R.; Xanthos, M.D.; Moore, A.; Sinou, C.J.A.; Clark, R.P.; Little, P.I. [HNK2555] Vietnam K005313916 Yes
Willis, F.; Boyce, P.; Dzu, N.V. [2] Vietnam K005313922 Yes
Reynoso, E.J.; et al [PPI3898] Philippines K005314589 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [6242] Burma K005313522 Yes
Christensen, H. [1461] Malaysia K005314302 Yes
Ilias Paie [S51878] K005314269 Yes
Stauffer, H.U.; Sayers, C.D. [5567] Papua New Guinea K005314857 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6257] K001123454 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ching, Y.P. [S61311] Malaysia K005314304 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6250] Nepal K001123430 Unknown Type Material Yes
Simaga, J.M. [1459] Papua New Guinea K005314862 No
Gaerlan; Fuentes; Romero [PPI26304] Philippines K005314603 Yes
van der Werff, H.; Gray, B.; Dao, N.K. [14240] Vietnam K005313918 Yes
Millar, A.N. [NGF23517] Papua New Guinea K005314882 No
[Maung Law Tek]; Parkinson, C.E. [1387] Burma K005313563 Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6252] K001123442 Unknown Type Material Yes
Troupin, G. [3398] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K:SPC-03313.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] India K001123433 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lace, J.H. [5318] Burma K005313523 Yes
Varadarajan, G.S.; Reynoso; Fernando; Mosing [1531] Philippines K005314428 Yes
[Mary Patma] [2] Papua New Guinea K005314861 No
Gardner, S.; Sidisunthorn, P. [ST2596] Thailand K005313920 No
Othman (Hj.) Rantai; Jtigah, R.; Jegong; Johnny [S57828] Malaysia K005314297 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6252] India K001123441 Unknown Type Material Yes
E.J.C [6259] BU K000032017 Type Yes
Vink, W. [16809] Papua New Guinea K005314883 No
Argent, G.; Sandham, J. [86/123] Papua New Guinea K005314876 No
s.coll. [18] K005314866 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6252] K001123443 Unknown Type Material Yes
Garcia, H.G. [PPI15130] Philippines K005314606 Yes
Romero, E.; Majaducon [PPI 29649] Philippines K000172839 No
Gay, H. [445] Papua New Guinea K005314869 No
Barbon; Romero; Fuentes [PPI8017] Philippines K005314598 Yes
Yii, P.C.; et a [S69799] Malaysia K005314299 Yes
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [MB 123] Vietnam K:SPC-77831.000 No
Davis, A.P.; et al. [631] Indonesia K:SPC-59617.000 No
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6259] Burma K001123457 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gideon, O.; Obedi, S. [Lae77150] Papua New Guinea K005314870 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6257] K001123452 Unknown Type Material Yes
Reynoso; Majaducon [PPI24843] Philippines K005314607 Yes
Gideon, O. [Lae57294] Papua New Guinea K005314875 No
Mamit, J. [S35150] Malaysia K005314291 Yes
Reynoso, E.; Majaducon, R. [PPI21824] Philippines K005314587 Yes
Wright, E. [S24722] Malaysia K005314290 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6252] K001123445 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lehmann, P.F. [S29443] Malaysia K005314292 Yes
Troupin, G. [3436] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K:SPC-00890.000 No
Barker, W.R.; Wiakabu, J. [LAE67562] Papua New Guinea K005314868 No
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [MB 83] Vietnam K:SPC-76874.000 No
Gutierres, H.G. [61-139] Philippines K005314601 Yes
Madani, L.; et al. [SAN 145382] Malaysia K000173141 No
Davis, A.P.; et al. [631] Indonesia K:SPC-62695.000 No
Zainudin, A.; et al. [4531] Malaysia K005314303 Yes
Loher, A. [1521] Philippines K005314600 Yes
Gideon, O.; Dr. Srivastava [LAE57269] Papua New Guinea K005314873 No
Brenan, J.P.M. [8939] Nigeria K:SPC-27083.000 No
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6251] K001123437 Unknown Type Material Yes
Willis, F.; Boyce, P.; Dzu, N.V. [2] Vietnam K005313923 Yes
Wallich, N. [6265] India K000031983 Type Yes
Mckee, H.S. [6242] Burma K005313525 Yes
Ninh, T.N.; Binh, N.Q.; Hoang, P.H. [9792] Vietnam K005313926 Yes
Nguyen, V.D.; Vu, X.P.; Nguyen, T.C.; Bui, H.Q.; Kok, R.P.J.; Utteridge, T.M.A.; Moore, A.; Trudgen, M.; Briggs, M. [MB 70] Vietnam K:SPC-77827.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6250] K001123424 Unknown Type Material Yes
Womersley, J.S. [NGF19222] Papua New Guinea K005314860 No

Sources

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Trees of New Guinea

    • Trees of New Guinea
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0