- Family:
- Amaranthaceae Juss.
Salicornia L.

[FZ]
Chenopodiaceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Flora Zambesiaca 9:1. 1988
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual herbs, sometimes becoming thinly woody below, glabrous, seemingly leafless, built up of numerous superposed, more or less tubular-segments which are green to reddish and succulent, and ultimately shrivel, each segment at apex forming a little cup, usually with two short teeth, embracing the base of the next higher segment.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Spikes not disarticulating, persistent or breaking up irregularly. Fertile segments aggregated into spikes at ends of stem and lateral branches, the latter often very short.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flower minute, hermaphrodite, usually in clusters of three (always in the Flora Zambesiaca area), more or less connate, a pair of clusters to each fertile segment, the clusters on opposite sides and immersed.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
- Perianth minutely 3–4 denticulate, opening in the middle of a truncate flattened lateral shield.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens usually 2 per flower.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Embryo folded so that radicle and cotyledons point downwards. Seeds with thin membranous testa, minutely hairy. Endosperm absent.
[FTEA]
Chenopodiaceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1954
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual or perennial herbs, or sometimes small shrubs, glabrous, seemingly leafless, apparently built up of numerous, superposed, more or less tubular segments which are green to reddish and succulent, and ultimately shrivel; each segment at apex forming a little cup, usually with two short teeth, embracing the base of the next higher segment
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Fertile segments aggregated into spikes at ends of stem and lateral branches, latter often very short; spikes not disarticulating
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers minute, hermaphrodite, usually in threes, more or less connate, a pair of threes to each fertile segment, the threes on opposite sides and immersed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx normally flattened at apex into the shape of a kite (i.e. cuneate with ± rounded top), in whose middle is a 3–4-denticulate opening through which stamens and stigmas project
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens mostly 2, sometimes 1, per flower
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruits with pericarp soft below, hardened in upper part
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Endosperm none or almost absent. Embryo filling the whole seed, shaped like a closed inverted U, the cotyledons large, and the radicle pointing downwards Seeds “vertical” (i.e. laterally compressed); testa thinly coriaceous, minutely hairy
[FTEA]
Chenopodiaceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1954
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial herbs or thinly woody shrubs, erect or decumbent, glabrous, seemingly leafless, apparently built up of numerous, superposed, more or less tubular segments which are green and succulent and ultimately shrivel and fall away from the stem; each segment at apex forming a little cup, usually with two short teeth, embracing the base of the next higher segment
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Fertile segments aggregated into spikes at ends of stem and lateral branches, latter often very short; spikes ultimately disarticulating or not
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers minute, hermaphrodite or unisexual, normally in threes, free or nearly so, a pair of threes to each fertile segment, the threes on opposite sides and immersed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx irregularly toothed or lobed and obtusely pyramidal at apex
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 1, rarely 2, per flower
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruits with membranous or horny pericarp
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Endosperm well-developed, lateral. Embryo along one side of the seed, slightly curved or shaped like a comma, the radicle pointing downwards Seeds “vertical” (i.e. laterally compressed); testa membranous or hard, glabrous, papillose or smooth
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial herbs or subshrubs, glabrous throughout
- Morphology Stem
- Stems woody when old; articulated, apparently leafless – made up of cylindrical fleshy segments formed from almost completely fused leaf pairs which cover each internode with the free tips forming a short cupule with opposite points at the tip
- Morphology General
- Leaf- and bark-tissue with sclerids
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence terminal, spike-like, with 3-flowered cymules sessile in axils of paired bracts
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers of equal height, central flower bisexual, lateral flowers sometimes male, embedded in inflorescence axis
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
- Perianth segments completely fused, with truncate top, obscurely 3–4-lobed Perianth spongy in fruit; pericarp hyaline or woody
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamen 1(–2), adaxial
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seed ovate to orbicular; testa crustaceous, granular or smooth; embryo straight or U-shaped, endosperm present.
- Distribution
- Two species, the other in Mediterranean North America.
- Note
- Most of the seven species included in this genus by Scott were subsequently removed to Halosarcia by Wilson.
[FZ]
Chenopodiaceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Flora Zambesiaca 9:1. 1988
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial herbs or shrubs, glabrous, seemingly leafless, apparently built up of numerous, superposed, more or less tubular segments succulent and usually green or greenish to reddish, ultimately shrivelling and falling away from the stem; each segment at apex forming a little cup, usually with two short teeth or lobes, embracing the base of the next higher segment.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Spikes persistent or breaking up irregularly, not regularly disarticulating. Fertile segments aggregated into spikes at ends of stem and lateral branches.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers minute 3 (7–12) together in a cluster (cymule), a pair of clusters to each fertile segment, the clusters on opposite sides and flush with the segments.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
- Perianth minutely and irregularly 3-lobed at apex, or more usually on a truncate flattened lateral shield.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens usually 1–2 per flower.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Endosperm absent. Embryo folded so that radicle and cotyledonous point downwards. Seeds with soft membranous testa, minutely hairy or papillose.
Doubtfully present in:
Western Sahara
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aldabra, Algeria, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil South, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cayman Is., Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, Florida, France, Galápagos, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Haiti, Hungary, Idaho, India, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Juan Fernández Is., Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Libya, Madagascar, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Minnesota, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nebraska, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Oregon, Palestine, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sinai, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Texas, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Turks-Caicos Is., Tuva, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, Western Australia, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon
Extinct in:
Illinois
Introduced into:
Hawaii, Michigan
- Salicornia alpini Lag.
- Salicornia ambigua Michx.
- Salicornia andina Phil.
- Salicornia bigelovii Torr.
- Salicornia blackiana Ulbr.
- Salicornia brachiata Roxb.
- Salicornia capensis (Moss) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia crassispica G.L.Chu
- Salicornia cuscoensis Gutte & G.K.Müll. ex Freitag, M.Á.Alonso & M.B.Crespo
- Salicornia decumbens (Toelken) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia decussata (S.Steffen, Mucina & G.Kadereit) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia disarticulata Moss
- Salicornia dunensis (Moss ex Adamson) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia erectispica G.L.Chu
- Salicornia europaea L.
- Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.
- Salicornia globosa (Paul G.Wilson) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia helmutii Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia hispanica (Fuente, Rufo & Sánchez Mata) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia iranica Akhani
- Salicornia lagascae (Fuente, Rufo & Sánchez Mata) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia littorea (Moss) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia magellanica Phil.
- Salicornia maritima S.L.Wolff & Jefferies
- Salicornia × marshallii (Lambinon & Vanderp.) Stace
- Salicornia meyeriana Moss
- Salicornia mossambicensis (Brenan) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia mossiana (Toelken) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia natalensis Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.
- Salicornia neei Lag.
- Salicornia nitens P.W.Ball & Tutin
- Salicornia obclavata (Yaprak) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia obscura P.W.Ball & Tutin
- Salicornia pachystachya Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.
- Salicornia pacifica Standl.
- Salicornia perennans Willd.
- Salicornia perennis Mill.
- Salicornia perrieri A.Chev.
- Salicornia persica Akhani
- Salicornia perspolitana Akhani
- Salicornia praecox A.Chev.
- Salicornia procumbens Sm.
- Salicornia pruinosa (Fuente, Rufo & Sánchez Mata) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia pulvinata R.E.Fr.
- Salicornia quinqueflora Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.
- Salicornia rubra A.Nelson
- Salicornia senegalensis A.Chev.
- Salicornia sinus-persica Akhani
- Salicornia × tashkensis Akhani
- Salicornia tegetaria (S.Steffen, Mucina & G.Kadereit) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia terminalis (Toelken) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
- Salicornia uniflora Toelken
- Salicornia utahensis Tidestr.
- Salicornia virginica L.
- Salicornia xerophila (Toelken) Piirainen & G.Kadereit
Salicornia L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graham, R.A. [4711] | 16956.000 | No | |||
Graham, R.A. [4709] | 16957.000 | No | |||
Graham, R.A. [4710] | 16958.000 | No | |||
Turrill, W.B., United Kingdom | 16959.000 | No | |||
Graham, R.A. [4712] | 16960.000 | No | |||
Turrill, W.B., United Kingdom | 16963.000 | No | |||
Hubbard, C.E. | 32149.000 | No | |||
Ash [1817], Ethiopia | 35876.000 | No | |||
Collenette, I.S. [6405], Saudi Arabia | 49805.000 | No | |||
Collenette, I.S. [6413], Saudi Arabia | 52262.000 | No | |||
Richmond, M. [F], Tanzania | Arthrocnemum | 63159.000 | No | ||
Richmond, M. [B], Tanzania | Arthrocnemum | 63160.000 | No | ||
Richmond, M. [A], Tanzania | Arthrocnemum | 63161.000 | No | ||
Richmond, M. [C], Tanzania | Arthrocnemum | 63162.000 | No | ||
Richmond, M. [G], Tanzania | Arthrocnemum | 63163.000 | No | ||
Richmond, M. [H], Tanzania | Arthrocnemum | 63164.000 | No |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 3 (1753)
Accepted by
- Kadereit, G., Ball, P., Beer, S., Mucina, L., Sokoloff, D. Teege, P., Yaprak, A.E. & Freitag, H. (2007). A taxonomic nightmare comes true: phylogeny and biogeography of glassworths (Salicornia L., Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 56: 1143-1170.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 6, 1: 86.
Flora Zambesiaca
- Sp. Pl. ed. 5: 4 (1754).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Sp. Pl., ed. 5, 4 (1754)
-
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0