- Family:
- Poaceae Barnhart
Saccharum L.

[FTEA]
Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips And S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennials, often tall; culms solid
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-blades linear; ligule scarious or a line of hairs
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence large, plumose, often silvery, with many racemes crowded upon the primary panicle-branches; racemes usually flexuous, the rhachis fragile and bearing paired similar spikelets, one sessile, the other pedicelled; internodes linear, slender, usually more than 1/2 the length of the sessile spikelet
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets lanceolate, enveloped in long silky hairs from the callus; callus very short, truncate; glumes equal, membranous or sometimes sub-coriaceous below, the lower flat or rounded on the back; lower floret reduced to a lemma, this lanceolate, shorter than the spikelet, hyaline; upper floret hermaphrodite; lemma lanceolate, hyaline, awnless or with a straight awn, entire or rarely bilobed, sometimes reduced to a subulate vestige; stamens 2–3
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis subglobose to narrowly oblong.
[GB]
nonem
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial. Rhizomes absent (25), or short (7), or elongated (4). Culms erect (34/35), or geniculately ascending (1/35), or rambling (1/35); robust (25/25); 0-221.6-1000 cm long; firm (34), or woody (2). Culm-internodes terete (2/2). Culm-nodes flush with internodes (1/2), or swollen (2/2). Lateral branches lacking (4/4). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (35), or erect (1). Ligule an eciliate membrane (17), or a ciliolate membrane (14), or a ciliate membrane (4), or a fringe of hairs (1). Leaf-blade base without a false petiole (35), or with a false petiole (1). Leaf-blades filiform (1), or linear (33), or lanceolate (3); herbaceous (35), or coriaceous (1); stiff (5), or firm (31). Leaf-blade midrib conspicuous (5/10), or widened (5/10). Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle with branches tipped by a raceme; exserted (35), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (2). Panicle open (33/34), or contracted (1/34). Primary panicle branches not whorled (32), or whorled at lower nodes (1), or whorled at most nodes (3). Racemes bearing few fertile spikelets (3), or many spikelets (33); 2 fertile spikelets on each (1/4), or 4-6 fertile spikelets on each (1/4), or 7-8 fertile spikelets on each (2/4), or 9 fertile spikelets on each (1/4), or 10-17 fertile spikelets on each (2/4), or 18-30 fertile spikelets on each (1/4). Rhachis fragile at the nodes; angular (1), or subterete (35). Rhachis internodes filiform (15), or linear (20), or clavate (1). Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile (3), or sessile and pedicelled (34); 1 in the cluster (3), or 2 in the cluster (34); subequal (33/33), or the upper smaller (1/33). Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled (3/3); 0 in the cluster (1/3), or 1 in the cluster (3/3). Pedicels filiform (15), or linear (20), or clavate (1); tip widened (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Companion sterile spikelets absent (33), or rudimentary (2), or well-developed (3). Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (1), or lanceolate (29), or elliptic (4), or oblong (5), or ovate (1); dorsally compressed; 2-5.043-10 mm long; falling entire; deciduous from the base (34), or with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus brief (35), or square (1); glabrous (1), or pubescent (1), or pilose (3), or bearded (32); base truncate (35), or obtuse (1); inserted (1/1).
- Sterile
- Companion sterile spikelets absent (33), or rudimentary (2), or well-developed (3).
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (1), or lanceolate (29), or elliptic (4), or oblong (5), or ovate (1); dorsally compressed; 2-5.043-10 mm long; falling entire; deciduous from the base (34), or with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus brief (35), or square (1); glabrous (1), or pubescent (1), or pilose (3), or bearded (32); base truncate (35), or obtuse (1); inserted (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes reaching apex of florets (6/11), or exceeding apex of florets (5/11); firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate (27), or elliptic (3), or oblong (7), or ovate (1); membranous (12), or chartaceous (10), or cartilaginous (6), or coriaceous (8); without keels (4), or 2-keeled (32); 1 -veined (2/19), or 2 -veined (7/19), or 3 -veined (5/19), or 4 -veined (6/19), or 5 -veined (7/19), or 6 -veined (1/19), or 7 -veined (2/19), or 9-11 -veined (1/19). Lower glume lateral veins absent (1), or obscure (1), or distinct (35); without ribs (35), or ribbed (1). Lower glume surface convex (8), or flat (28); smooth (33), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (2); glabrous (18), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (4), or pilose (11), or hirsute (4), or villous (6). Lower glume apex entire (34), or dentate (3); 2 -fid (3/3); emarginate (4/32), or truncate (3/32), or obtuse (4/32), or acute (9/32), or acuminate (16/32). Upper glume lanceolate (33), or elliptic (1), or oblong (2); membranous (13), or chartaceous (10), or cartilaginous (4), or coriaceous (9); without keels (20), or 1-keeled (16); 1 -veined (14/28), or 2 -veined (2/28), or 3 -veined (11/28), or 5 -veined (2/28), or 7 -veined (3/28). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (35), or ciliate (2). Upper glume lateral veins without ribs (23/24), or ribbed (1/24). Upper glume surface smooth (34), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (1); glabrous (29), or pubescent (1), or pilose (9), or hirsute (3), or villous (2). Upper glume apex truncate (2/35), or obtuse (1/35), or acute (29/35), or acuminate (2/35), or setaceously attenuate (1/35), or caudate (1/35); muticous (34), or mucronate (1), or awned (1); 1 -awned (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Basal sterile florets barren; with palea (1), or without significant palea (35). Lemma of lower sterile floret linear (2), or lanceolate (27), or elliptic (3), or oblong (4), or ovate (1); hyaline (35), or membranous (1); 0 -veined (9/18), or 1 -veined (4/18), or 2 -veined (3/18), or 3 -veined (5/18); truncate (1/34), or obtuse (2/34), or acute (31/34); muticous (35), or mucronate (2). Fertile lemma linear (18/35), or lanceolate (15/35), or elliptic (1/35), or oblong (6/35), or ovate (1/35); hyaline (35/35); 0 -veined (5/18), or 1 -veined (6/18), or 3 -veined (7/18). Lemma surface glabrous (34/35), or pubescent (1/35). Lemma margins eciliate (25/35), or ciliolate (6/35), or ciliate (5/35). Lemma apex entire (24/35), or dentate (6/35), or lobed (6/35); 2 -fid (11/11); incised 0.2-0.3517-0.5 of lemma length; acute (6/6); muticous (10/35), or mucronate (1/35), or awned (27/35); 1 -awned (25/25). Principal lemma awn apical (17/28), or from a sinus (11/28); straight (17/28), or curved (4/28), or flexuous (3/28), or geniculate (6/28). Palea present (16), or absent or minute (20); 0.15-0.875-3 length of lemma; hyaline (8/16), or membranous (8/16). Palea keels eciliate (15/16), or ciliolate (1/16). Palea surface glabrous (14/16), or pilose (2/16).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Lodicules 2 (26/26); glabrous (12/26), or ciliate (14/26). Anthers 2 (2/33), or 3 (31/33).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (2/2); oblong (2/2); isodiametric (1/1). Embryo 0.15 length of caryopsis.
- Distribution
- Europe (4), or Africa (9), or Temperate Asia (17), or Tropical Asia (21), or Australasia (2), or Pacific (4), or North America (8), or South America (6).
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Tufted or rhizomatous perennials; leaves linear; ligule scarious or a line of hairs
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle, often large and plumose, bearing numerous racemes crowded on its branches; racemes with fragile rhachis, bearing paired similar spikelets, one sessile, the other pedicelled; internodes linear, slender
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets lanceolate, enveloped in long silky hairs from the callus, dorsally compressed; callus very short, truncate; glumes equal, membranous to coriaceous, the lower flat or rounded on the back, ± 2-keeled; lower floret barren, reduced to a lemma; upper lemma lanceolate, hyaline, awnless or with a straight awn, entire or rarely 2-toothed, sometimes almost suppressed; stamens 2–3
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis subglobose to narrowly oblong.
- Distribution
- 35–40 species throughout the tropics and subtropics.
[FZ]
Gramineae, T. A. Cope. Flora Zambesiaca 10:4. 2002
- Morphology General Habit
- Inflorescence a panicle, often large and plumose, bearing numerous racemes on its branches; racemes loose, fragile, with slender internodes.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets alike, paired, one sessile, one pedicelled, lanceolate, enveloped in long silky hairs from the callus.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Inferior glume membranous or sometimes subcoriaceous below, flat or rounded on the back.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Inferior floret represented by a short hyaline lemma.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Lemma
- Superior lemma entire or bidentate, awned or awnless, sometimes almost suppressed; stamens 2–3.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iran, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Marquesas, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sicilia, Sinai, Society Is., Solomon Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatera, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Togo, Tubuai Is., Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yemen
Introduced into:
Alabama, Aldabra, Angola, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, Canary Is., Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Christmas I., Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Florida, Galápagos, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kriti, Leeward Is., Line Is., Louisiana, Madagascar, Maldives, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Nauru, New Zealand North, Nicaragua, Niue, Panamá, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Santa Cruz Is., Sardegna, Senegal, Spain, Sulawesi, Texas, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Turkey, Tuvalu, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Zaïre
- Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin.
- Saccharum beccarii (Stapf) Cope
- Saccharum filifolium Steud.
- Saccharum formosanum (Stapf) Ohwi
- Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Aitch.
- Saccharum intermedium Welker & Peichoto
- Saccharum kajkaiense (Melderis) Melderis
- Saccharum longesetosum (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor
- Saccharum maximum (Brongn.) Trin.
- Saccharum officinarum L.
- Saccharum robustum E.W.Brandes & Jeswiet ex Grassl
- Saccharum rufipilum Steud.
- Saccharum sikkimense (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor
- Saccharum × sinense Roxb.
- Saccharum spontaneum L.
- Saccharum stewartii Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg
- Saccharum velutinum (Holttum) Cope
- Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope
- Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope
Saccharum L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], Bangladesh | K001128366 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], India | K001128370 | Yes | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8854], Nepal | K001128374 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8855], Bangladesh | K001128380 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854] | K001128365 | Yes | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8854], Myanmar | K001128377 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8856], India | K001128383 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], India | K001128372 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], India | K001128369 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8855], India | K001128381 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8853], India | K001128361 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8853], India | K001128362 | Yes | |||
Singh, B. [Cat. no. 8856], Nepal | K001128386 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8853] | K001128359 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], India | K001128371 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8853] | K001128360 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8855] | K001128379 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854] | K001128378 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8852] | K001128358 | Yes | |||
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 8854] | K001128375 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8853], India | K001128363 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854] | K001128364 | Yes | |||
Longhi-Wagner, H.M. [3686], Brazil | K001106146 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8855], India | K001128382 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], India | K001128367 | Yes | |||
Longhi-Wagner, H.M. [5089], Brazil | K001106147 | Yes | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8854], Myanmar | K001128376 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8856], India | K001128385 | Yes | |||
Hoehne, W. [s.n.], Brazil | K001106145 | Yes | |||
Tweedie [s.n.], Brazil | K001106144 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8852] | K001128357 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8856], India | K001128384 | Yes | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8854], India | K001128368 | Yes |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 54 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R.H.A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- F.T.A. 9: 94 (1917).
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 28 (1754)
- Sp. Pl. 54 (1753)
Flora Zambesiaca
- Sp. Pl. 1: 54 (1753).
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by T. A. Cope [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 28 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 54 (1753)
-
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew
-
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0