- Family:
- Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.
- Genus:
- Duranta L.
Duranta erecta L.

[FZ]
Flora Zambesiaca. Vol 8, Pt 7. Avicenniaceae, R. Fernandes. Nesogenaceae, M.A. Diniz. Verbenaceae, R. Fernandes. Lamiaceae, R. Fernandes. 2005.
- Morphology General Habit
- Spreading, drooping, trailing or subscandent often thorny shrub or small tree up to 6 m high; branchlets slender, 4-angular or terete, young shoots appressed pubescent; spines paired, 0.8–2.7 cm long, axillary or inserted just above the axils, spreading, straight or slightly curved, very sharp Spreading, drooping, trailing or subscandent often thorny shrub or small tree up to 6 m high; branchlets slender, 4-angular or terete, young shoots appressed pubescent; spines paired, 0.8–2.7 cm long, axillary or inserted just above the axils, spreading, straight or slightly curved, very sharp.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate; lamina 1.5–7(8) × 1–3(4) cm, ovate, obovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, entire or serrate on the margins above the middle, glabrous or finely appressed pubescent on both surfaces more densely so on the nerves; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, slender, appressed-pubescent Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate; lamina 1.5–7(8) × 1–3(4) cm, ovate, obovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, entire or serrate on the margins above the middle, glabrous or finely appressed pubescent on both surfaces more densely so on the nerves; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, slender, appressed-pubescent.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Racemes many-flowered, 3–16 cm long, single or in lax panicles, the terminal raceme longer than the lateral ones; pedicels 1–5 mm long, alternate, opposite or subopposite; bracts and bracteoles 1.5–2 mm and 1 mm long respectively, linear, those of the lower flowers usually larger and leaf-like Racemes many-flowered, 3–16 cm long, single or in lax panicles, the terminal raceme longer than the lateral ones; pedicels 1–5 mm long, alternate, opposite or subopposite; bracts and bracteoles 1.5–2 mm and 1 mm long respectively, linear, those of the lower flowers usually larger and leaf-like.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Filaments
- Filaments glandular-pubescent, c. 1.25 mm long
- Ecology
- In moist places, in riverine vegetation, gully forest and on granite outcrops, occasionally in miombo woodlands, often on termite mounds; 50–2000 m.
- Note
- Introduced as a garden ornamental now widespread as a scattered naturalized shrub or tree. Known as the ‘golden dew drop’.
- Distribution
- Native of tropical America but cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics. District code: BOT N, BOT SE, BOT N, BOT C, BOT S, ZIM N, ZIM W, ZIM C, ZIM E, ZIM S, MAL C, MAL S, MOZ N, MOZ MS, MOZ M. Mozambique Malawi Zimbabwe Zambia Botswana
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx tube 3–4 mm long, ± sparsely appressed-puberulous; teeth up to 1 mm long, triangular with midrib produced as a mucro. Calyx tube 3–4 mm long, ± sparsely appressed-puberulous; teeth up to 1 mm long, triangular with midrib produced as a mucro
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla lilac to violet-blue or sometimes white; tube longer than the calyx, curved, puberulous outside more densely so in the upper part, glandular-pubescent within; limb spreading, 7–9 mm in diameter, glandular-pubescent on the upper surface, densely puberulous beneath, lobes 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, oblong to orbicular, densely puberulous. Corolla lilac to violet-blue or sometimes white; tube longer than the calyx, curved, puberulous outside more densely so in the upper part, glandular-pubescent within; limb spreading, 7–9 mm in diameter, glandular-pubescent on the upper surface, densely puberulous beneath, lobes 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, oblong to orbicular, densely puberulous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Filaments glandular-pubescent, c. 1.25 mm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit yellow to orange-coloured, shiny, 6–11 mm in diameter, globose or obpyriform, completely enveloped by the accrescent calyx the apical part of which forms a curved beak; pyrenes 3.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm. Fruit yellow to orange-coloured, shiny, 6–11 mm in diameter, globose or obpyriform, completely enveloped by the accrescent calyx the apical part of which forms a curved beak; pyrenes 3.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, cuneiform, white, smooth. Seeds 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, cuneiform, white, smooth.
[FTEA]
Verbenaceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1992
- Morphology General Habit
- Spreading, drooping, trailing or subscandent often thorny shrub or small tree, 1.8–6 m. tall; bark pale; young snoots adpressed pubescent.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite or verticillate; blades ovate, obovate, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–8 cm. long, 1–4.5 cm. wide, obtuse to acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margins entire, serrate or crenate above the middle, glabrous or finely adpressed pubescent; petioles 0.5–1.2 cm. long, usually adpressed pubescent.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Racemes ± lax, 3–16 cm. long, often in very lax panicles; pedicels 1–5 mm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx 3–4(–6) mm. long, pubescent inside and out.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla lilac, lavender-blue or white; tube 7 mm. long; limb spreading, 0.7–1.3 cm. wide.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Style shorter than corolla-tube; stigma capitate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit orange-yellow and shining, globose, 0.5–1.1 cm. diameter, the persistent calyx shrunk over it and produced as a curved beak; pyrenes 3.5–5.5 mm. long, 2.5–3.5 mm. wide.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds cuneiform, white, shining, 2.5–3 mm. long, 1–1.5 mm. wide.
- Figures
- Fig. 7.
- Habitat
- Scrub and riverine thicket, often on termite-mounds, Enclea, Olea forest and clearings; 1080–1950 m.
- Distribution
- K4 K5 K6 T1 T3 T6 U1 U3 U4 Z Argentine to Mexico and Floridanow widely cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics of the world and even in Europe, Cyprus, etc.
[UPB]
The Useful Plants of Boyacá project
- Conservation
- Least concern.
- Ecology
- Alt. 100 - 3140 m.
- Distribution
- Native from Colombia.
- Morphology General Habit
- Shrub.
[UPFC]
- Distribution
- Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean. Elevation range: 100–3140 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Atlántico, Bogotá DC, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca.
- Habit
- Shrub.
- Conservation
- IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC. National Red List of Colombia (2021): Potential LC.
- Ecology
- Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
[UNAL]
Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
- Vernacular
- adonis, cucaná, cucas, espino, espino negro, fruta de tórtolas, garbancillo, guacharaco, guapante, navidad, totocá, totocal, totocul
[CPLC]
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
- Distribution
- Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 100 - 3140 m.; Andes, Llanura del Caribe.
- Morphology General Habit
- Arbusto
- Conservation
- Preocupación Menor
[UPB]
- Use Materials
- Materials (State of the World's Plants 2016).
- Use Materials Unspecified Materials Chemicals
- Materials (State of the World's Plants 2016).
[UPFC]
- Use Environmental
- Environmental uses.
- Use Food
- Used for food.
- Use Materials
- Used as material.
- Use Medicines
- Medical uses.
- Use Poisons
- Poisons.
Native to:
Bahamas, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.
Introduced into:
Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Arizona, Assam, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil Northeast, Brazil West-Central, California, Cambodia, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Galápagos, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Kenya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mozambique, Nansei-shoto, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Norfolk Is., Paraguay, Peru, Society Is., St.Helena, Sudan, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Texas, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, West Himalaya, Zambia, Zimbabwe
- Duranta angustifolia Salisb.
- Duranta baumgartenii K.Koch
- Duranta baumgartenii K.Koch
- Duranta baumgartii Hibberd
- Duranta brachypoda Tod.
- Duranta dentata Pers.
- Duranta ellisia Jacq.
- Duranta erecta var. grandiflora (Moldenke) Caro
- Duranta inermis L.
- Duranta integrifolia Tod.
- Duranta latifolia Salisb.
- Duranta macrodonta Moldenke
- Duranta microphylla Desf.
- Duranta plumieri Jacq.
- Duranta plumieri var. alba Mast.
- Duranta plumieri var. ellisia (Jacq.) F.M.Bailey
- Duranta plumieri var. normalis F.M.Bailey
- Duranta plumieri var. strigillosa Schauer
- Duranta plumieri f. variegata F.M.Bailey
- Duranta racemosa Mill.
- Duranta repens L.
- Duranta repens f. acuta (L.) Kuntze
- Duranta repens var. ellisia (Jacq.) R.R.Fernandez
- Duranta repens var. ellisia (F.M.Bailey) Domin
- Duranta repens f. grandiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke
- Duranta repens var. grandiflora Moldenke
- Duranta repens f. integrifolia (Tod.) Moldenke
- Duranta repens f. microphylla (Desf.) Moldenke
- Duranta repens var. microphylla (Desf.) Moldenke
- Duranta repens var. multidentata Kuntze
- Duranta repens var. mutisii Kuntze
- Duranta repens var. normalis (F.M.Bailey) Domin
- Duranta repens f. obtusifolia Kuntze
- Duranta repens var. paucidentata Kuntze
- Duranta repens f. serrata (Moldenke) Moldenke
- Duranta repens var. serrata Moldenke
- Duranta repens f. variegata (L.H.Bailey) Moldenke
- Duranta repens var. variegata L.H.Bailey
- Duranta repens f. variegata (F.M.Bailey) Domin
- Duranta repens f. vestita Kuntze
- Duranta rostrata Pasq.
- Duranta serratifolia var. variegata Moldenke
- Duranta spinosa Mill.
- Duranta turbinata Tod.
- Ellisia acuta L.
- English
- Pigeon Berry
Duranta erecta L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moura, O.T. [403], Brazil | K000013870 | Yes | |||
Ash [960], Ethiopia | 77511.000 | No | |||
Dec 1, 2008 | Apaza [80], Bolivia | Duranta repens | K000509769 | No | |
Dec 1, 2008 | Villalobos [994], Bolivia | Duranta repens | K000509771 | No | |
McWhirter, J. [123], Madagascar | Duranta repens | 32235.000 | No | ||
Rico, L. [1205], Bolivia | Duranta repens | K000295121 | No | ||
Sellow [4630], Brazil | Duranta repens | K000487112 | Yes | ||
Rico, L. [1538], Bolivia | Duranta repens | K000295315 | No |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 637 (1753)
Accepted by
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- PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
- Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
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Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible
ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Living Collection Database
Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Science Photographs
Copyright applied to individual images
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Plants and People Africa
Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
© Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
ColPlantA database
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Useful Plants of Boyacá Project
ColPlantA database
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0