Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc.

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Morphology General Habit

Perennial. Rhizomes elongated; leptomorph. Culms erect; 100-767.2-3500 cm long; woody. Culm-internodes similar in length (1/1), or abbreviated and closely packed at the base (1/1); semiterete. Culm-nodes swollen (8/9), or flanged (1/9); without obvious supra-nodal ridge (2/11), or with distinct supra-nodal ridge (9/11). Lateral branches dendroid. Branch complement two (33/34), or three (1/34); in a horizontal line (1/1); with 1 branch dominant (31/31); thinner than stem (1/1). Culm-sheaths deciduous (13/13); without auricles (31/46), or auriculate (19/46). Culm-sheath blade linear (31/47), or lanceolate (7/47), or triangular (21/47). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (38), or erect (1), or falcate (18). Ligule an eciliate membrane (11), or a ciliolate membrane (40), or a ciliate membrane (2). Leaf-blade base without a false petiole (1), or with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath (50). Leaf-blades linear (4), or lanceolate (49), or oblong (2). Leaf-blade midrib conspicuous (1/1). Leaf-blade venation without cross veins (42), or with distinct cross veins (9).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Synflorescence bractiferous (18/18); fasciculate (16/18), or clustered at the nodes (2/18); with spathaceous subtending bracts (18/18); without axillary buds at base of spikelet (15/15); leafless between branches (1/1). Fertile spikelets sessile (18/18).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets (1/1); 1 fertile florets (5/18), or 2 fertile florets (13/18), or 3 fertile florets (10/18), or 4 fertile florets (8/18), or 5 fertile florets (3/18), or 6 fertile florets (1/18); without rhachilla extension (2/18), or with a barren rhachilla extension (14/18), or with diminished florets at the apex (2/18). Spikelets lanceolate (18/18); laterally compressed (18/18); 8-22.55-36 mm long; breaking up at maturity (18/18); disarticulating below each fertile floret (18/18). Rhachilla internodes glabrous (16/17), or sparsely hairy (1/17), or pubescent (2/17).

Fertile

Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets (1/1); 1 fertile florets (5/18), or 2 fertile florets (13/18), or 3 fertile florets (10/18), or 4 fertile florets (8/18), or 5 fertile florets (3/18), or 6 fertile florets (1/18); without rhachilla extension (2/18), or with a barren rhachilla extension (14/18), or with diminished florets at the apex (2/18). Spikelets lanceolate (18/18); laterally compressed (18/18); 8-22.55-36 mm long; breaking up at maturity (18/18); disarticulating below each fertile floret (18/18). Rhachilla internodes glabrous (16/17), or sparsely hairy (1/17), or pubescent (2/17).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume

Glumes both absent or obscure (1/18), or one the lower absent or obscure (12/18), or two (8/18); persistent (18/18); shorter than spikelet (18/18). Lower glume lanceolate (5/5); membranous (1/1); 1-keeled (1/1); 1-3 -veined (1/1). Lower glume lateral veins absent (1/8), or distinct (8/8). Lower glume apex acuminate (1/1). Upper glume linear (1/18), or lanceolate (5/18), or oblong (12/18); 0.6-0.65-0.7 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (1/18), or chartaceous (17/18); without keels (8/15), or 1-keeled (6/15), or 2-keeled (1/15); 5-6 -veined (1/2), or 7 -veined (2/2), or 8-9 -veined (1/2). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (15/18), or ciliolate (3/18). Upper glume surface glabrous (15/18), or puberulous (3/18). Upper glume apex acute (16/18), or acuminate (1/18), or setaceously attenuate (1/18).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets

Basal sterile florets barren (1/1); with palea (1/1). Fertile lemma lanceolate (5/18), or elliptic (6/18), or ovate (7/18); chartaceous (18/18); without keel (15/16), or keeled (1/16); 7-8 -veined (1/7), or 9 -veined (3/7), or 10 -veined (2/7), or 11 -veined (4/7), or 12-13 -veined (2/7), or 15-17 -veined (1/7). Lemma lateral veins prominent (1/1). Lemma surface glabrous (11/18), or puberulous (1/18), or pubescent (4/18), or pilose (1/18), or hispidulous (1/18). Lemma margins eciliate (17/18), or ciliate (1/18). Lemma apex acute (3/18), or acuminate (14/18), or setaceously attenuate (1/18); muticous (15/18), or awned (3/18); 1 -awned (3/3). Palea 0.5-0.9438-1 length of lemma; chartaceous (18/18); 6 -veined (1/2), or 12 -veined (1/2). Palea keels separated (17/18), or approximate (1/18); eciliate (14/18), or ciliolate (3/18), or ciliate (1/18). Palea surface glabrous (13/18), or puberulous (1/18), or pubescent (3/18), or pilose (1/18). Palea apex dentate (4/4); muticous (16/18), or with excurrent keel veins (2/18). Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped (1/2), or distinct from fertile (1/2); rudimentary (1/1).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Lodicules 3 (18/18); glabrous (11/18), or ciliate (7/18); obtuse (1/2), or acute (1/2). Anthers 3 (18/18). Stigmas 2 (1/17), or 3 (16/17). Ovary unappendaged (12/18), or umbonate (6/18); glabrous (1/1).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (15/15).

Distribution

Africa (1), or Temperate Asia, or Tropical Asia (5), or Australasia (3), or Pacific (2), or North America (1), or South America (1).