- Family:
- Poaceae Barnhart
Sorghum Moench

[GB]
nonem
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual (20), or perennial (13). Rhizomes absent (25), or short (3), or elongated (4). Culms erect (20/20), or geniculately ascending (4/20), or decumbent (1/20); robust (5/5), or of moderate stature (1/5); 25-180.2-600 cm long; firm (30), or wiry (1); without nodal roots (14/15), or with prop roots (11/15). Culm-nodes constricted (3/3), or flush with internodes (2/3). Lateral branches lacking (6/8), or sparse (6/8). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (30), or erect (1). Ligule an eciliate membrane (16), or a ciliolate membrane (18), or a ciliate membrane (1). Leaf-blades linear, or lanceolate (1); stiff (1), or firm (30). Leaf-blade midrib widened (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle with branches tipped by a raceme; terminal, or terminal and axillary (1). Panicle open (28), or contracted (4). Primary panicle branches not whorled (19), or whorled at lower nodes (2), or whorled at most nodes (10); without sterile bristles (30), or sterile at lowest node (1). Racemes bearing a triad of spikelets (7), or few fertile spikelets (20), or many spikelets (7); 1-4-21 fertile spikelets on each. Rhachis evident (28), or obsolete (6); tough (6), or fragile at the nodes (26). Rhachis internodes filiform (14/28), or linear (15/28). Rhachis internode tip transverse (19/28), or oblique (9/28); cupuliform (14/14). Spikelets appressed (5/5); in pairs (28), or in threes (7). Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; 1 in the cluster (26), or 2 in the cluster (8). Pedicels filiform (30), or linear (1).
- Sterile
- Basal sterile spikelets absent, or well-developed (2). Companion sterile spikelets represented by barren pedicels (1), or well-developed (30); persistent (5/30), or separately deciduous (26/30). Companion sterile spikelet callus indistinct (29/30), or square (1/30). Companion sterile spikelet glumes muticous (29/30), or mucronate (2/30), or awned (2/30).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (1), or lanceolate (8), or elliptic (15), or oblong (6), or ovate (5), or orbicular (1), or obovate (5), or oblanceolate (2); dorsally compressed; 3-8.161-20 mm long; persistent on plant (2), or falling entire (29); deciduous with accessory branch structures (29/29). Spikelet callus brief (19), or square (2), or oblong (1), or cuneate (8), or linear (2); glabrous (1/18), or pubescent (5/18), or pilose (7/18), or bearded (6/18); base truncate (1), or obtuse (21), or pungent (10); attached obliquely (2/2). Basal sterile spikelets absent, or well-developed (2). Companion sterile spikelets represented by barren pedicels (1), or well-developed (30); persistent (5/30), or separately deciduous (26/30). Companion sterile spikelet callus indistinct (29/30), or square (1/30). Companion sterile spikelet glumes muticous (29/30), or mucronate (2/30), or awned (2/30).
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (1), or lanceolate (8), or elliptic (15), or oblong (6), or ovate (5), or orbicular (1), or obovate (5), or oblanceolate (2); dorsally compressed; 3-8.161-20 mm long; persistent on plant (2), or falling entire (29); deciduous with accessory branch structures (29/29). Spikelet callus brief (19), or square (2), or oblong (1), or cuneate (8), or linear (2); glabrous (1/18), or pubescent (5/18), or pilose (7/18), or bearded (6/18); base truncate (1), or obtuse (21), or pungent (10); attached obliquely (2/2).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma; parallel to lemmas, or gaping (1). Lower glume lanceolate (1), or elliptic (4), or oblong (1), or ovate (25); chartaceous (3), or cartilaginous (3), or coriaceous (27); without keels (23), or 2-keeled (8); wingless (29), or winged on keel (2); 5-9-20 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins without ribs (30), or ribbed (1). Lower glume surface convex (30), or flat (1); smooth (29), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (1); glabrous (17), or puberulous (5), or pubescent (13), or pilose (12), or villous (5), or hispid (1). Lower glume apex entire (22), or dentate (10); 2 -fid (4/10), or 3 -fid (6/10); emarginate (1/20), or truncate (1/20), or obtuse (3/20), or acute (14/20), or rostrate (3/20); muticous (30), or mucronate (2). Upper glume lanceolate (1), or elliptic (2), or ovate (28); chartaceous (3), or cartilaginous (3), or coriaceous (27); without keels (29), or 1-keeled (2); wingless (30), or winged on margins (1); 5 -veined (8/20), or 6 -veined (7/20), or 7 -veined (19/20), or 8-9 -veined (3/20), or 10-11 -veined (1/20). Upper glume lateral veins without cross-veins (1/4), or with cross-veins (4/4). Upper glume surface smooth (29), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (1); glabrous (20), or puberulous (3), or pubescent (14), or pilose (9), or villous (2); with simple hairs (21/22), or tubercle-based hairs (2/22). Upper glume apex entire (30), or dentate (2); 2 -fid (2/2); truncate (1/11), or obtuse (3/11), or acute (6/11), or acuminate (2/11), or setaceously attenuate (2/11); muticous, or mucronate (1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret lanceolate (17), or elliptic (13), or oblong (1); hyaline; 2 -veined (30/30), or 3-5 -veined (1/30); acute (19/19). Fertile lemma lanceolate (1), or elliptic (2), or oblong (19), or ovate (8), or obovate (1); dorsally compressed (2/2); hyaline; 1 -veined (30), or 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined (2). Lemma surface glabrous (30), or pubescent (1). Lemma margins eciliate (13), or ciliolate (3), or ciliate (15). Lemma apex entire (3), or dentate (21), or lobed (10); 2 -fid; incised 0.2-0.2817-0.33 of lemma length; muticous (7), or awned (30); 1 -awned (30/30). Principal lemma awn from a sinus (30/30); geniculate (30/30). Column of lemma awn glabrous (17/30), or pubescent (11/30), or ciliate (3/30). Palea present (4), or absent or minute (27); hyaline (1/4), or membranous (3/4); 0 -veined (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Lodicules 2 (29/29); fleshy (19/19); glabrous (7/29), or ciliate (26/29). Anthers 3 (26/26). Stigmas 2 (19/19). Ovary glabrous (6/8), or pubescent on apex (2/8).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (25/25); ellipsoid (7/17), or oblong (4/17), or ovoid (1/17), or obovoid (12/17); isodiametric (1/7), or dorsally compressed (5/7), or flattened (1/7); apex umbonate (1/1). Embryo 0.5-0.55-0.6 length of caryopsis. Hilum punctiform (3/3).
- Distribution
- Europe (3), or Africa (8), or Temperate Asia (8), or Tropical Asia (14), or Australasia (23), or Pacific (6), or North America (5), or South America (6).
[FZ]
Gramineae, T. A. Cope. Flora Zambesiaca 10:4. 2002
- Morphology General Habit
- Inflorescence a large panicle, its primary branches simple or subdivided, bearing short dense racemes with pilose internodes.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Pedicelled spikelet male or barren, or reduced to the inferior glume. Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse or pungent; inferior glume cartilaginous, convex on the back, rounded on the flanks but becoming 2-keeled near the apex, usually pilose; superior lemma awned or awnless.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Annuals or perennials, mostly robust, with or without rhizomes; ligule membranous or scarious, rarely a line of hairs
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a large terminal panicle with persistent branches bearing short fragile (except in cultivated species) racemes, these with paired dissimilar spikelets, one sessile, the other pedicelled; internodes and pedicels filiform
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse; lower glume coriaceous, broadly convex across the back, becoming 2-keeled and narrowly winged near the tip, usually hairy; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma hyaline, 2-toothed, with a glabrous awn from the sinus, or awnless Pedicelled spikelet male or barren, linear-lanceolate to subulate, usually much narrower than the sessile and awnless.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis obovoid, dorsally compressed
- Distribution
- Some 28 species in the Old World tropics and subtropics.
[FTEA]
Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips And S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974
- Morphology General Habit
- Annuals or perennials, mostly robust, with or without rhizomes
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-blades linear, often broad; ligule membranous or scarious, rarely a line of hairs
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a large terminal panicle, with tough persistent branches bearing short fragile (except in cultivated species) racemes; internodes and pedicels filiform
- Sessile
- Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse, rarely pungent; lower glume ± coriaceous, broadly convex across the back, becoming 2-keeled and narrowly winged near the tip; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma hyaline, bidentate, with a glabrous awn from the sinus, sometimes entire and muticous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis mostly obovoid, dorsally compressed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Pedicelled spikelet ♂ or barren, mostly linear-lanceolate to subulate, usually much narrower than the sessile and awnless. Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse, rarely pungent; lower glume ± coriaceous, broadly convex across the back, becoming 2-keeled and narrowly winged near the tip; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma hyaline, bidentate, with a glabrous awn from the sinus, sometimes entire and muticous
- Pedicelled
- Pedicelled spikelet ♂ or barren, mostly linear-lanceolate to subulate, usually much narrower than the sessile and awnless.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Congo, Cook Is., Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East Himalaya, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Marianas, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sinai, Somalia, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Alabama, Albania, Amur, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Assam, Austria, Azores, Bahamas, Baleares, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Bulgaria, California, Cayman Is., Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Colorado, Comoros, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Desventurados Is., District of Columbia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, France, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Italy, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kriti, Krym, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Maine, Manchuria, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Dakota, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Pitcairn Is., Portugal, Primorye, Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Samoa, Sardegna, Sicilia, Society Is., Solomon Is., South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, St.Helena, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tennessee, Texas, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Vermont, Virginia, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is., Washington, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia
- Sorghum amplum Lazarides
- Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
- Sorghum brachypodum Lazarides
- Sorghum bulbosum Lazarides
- Sorghum burmahicum Raizada
- Sorghum controversum (Steud.) Snowden
- Sorghum × drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase
- Sorghum ecarinatum Lazarides
- Sorghum exstans Lazarides
- Sorghum grande Lazarides
- Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
- Sorghum interjectum Lazarides
- Sorghum laxiflorum F.M.Bailey
- Sorghum macrospermum E.D.Garber
- Sorghum matarankense E.D.Garber & Snyder
- Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers.
- Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc.
- Sorghum virgatum (Hack.) Stapf
Sorghum Moench appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sudan | K000280783 | Yes | |||
Sudan | K000280782 | Yes | |||
Hinton, G.B. [5552], Guerrero | K000476337 | No | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8779] | K001131631 | Yes | |||
Akkul, M. [Cat. no. 8779], Myanmar | K001131632 | Yes |
First published in Methodus: 207 (1794)
Accepted by
- (2020). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.226753 epublication.
- Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6 Scientific Data 8: 215.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- F.T.A. 9: 104 (1917)
- Meth. 207 (1794)
- Snowden in J. Linn. Soc. 55: 191 (1955), nom. cons.
Flora Zambesiaca
- C.E. Hubbard in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3364 (1938).
- Celarier in Cytologia 23: 395–418 (1959).
- Garber in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 23: 283–361 (1950).
- Ivanyukovich & Doronina in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 69: 18–27 (1980).
- Methodus: 207 (1794) nom. conserv.
- Setshogo in Kirkia 17: 138 (2001).
- Snowden in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 191–260 (1955).
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by T. A. Cope [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- C.E. Hubbard in Hook., Ic. Pl. 34, fig. 3364 (1938)
- Celarier in Cytologia 23: 395–418 (1959), nom. conserv.
- Garber in Univ. California Publ. Bot. 23: 283–361 (1950)
- Meth.: 207 (1794)
- Snowden in J.L.S. 55: 191 (1955)
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0