- Family:
- Sapotaceae Juss.
Manilkara Adans.

[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Unarmed trees, rarely shrubs, nearly always with characteristic sympodial branching from buds below the shoot apex
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, clustered at or near the end of shoots; venation with parallel secondary veins looping to form an undulating marginal vein; stipules small, soon falling or absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Flowers nearly always bisexual, rarely unisexual and plants then dioecious Inflorescences axillary clusters in the axils of present or fallen leaves
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx of 2 whorls of 3 (occasionally 2 or 4, but not in Flora area), free or slightly united sepals, the outer whorl valvate or slightly overlapping
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla nearly always glabrous; tube much shorter than lobes; lobes 6–9, usually spreading at anthesis, usually divided into 3 segments; median segment usually erect, clasping the stamen; lateral segments spreading, usually shorter than median segment, entire or deeply divided
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 6(–12), in a single whorl inserted at top of corolla tube; filaments free or partly fused with staminodes; anthers opening outwards, nearly always glabrous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Staminodes
- Staminodes (0–)6(–12), alternating with stamens, regularly or irregularly longitudinally divided into 2 segments, sometimes rudimentary or absent, usually erect
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Small annular disk sometimes present
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary 6–14-celled, hairy or glabrous; style exserted
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a 1- to several-seeded berry, indehiscent, fleshy
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seed ellipsoid to obovoid, laterally compressed, with hard, shiny, woody testa; scar nearly always narrowly elongate, basiventral, less frequently extending along most of the adaxial face, very rarely broad.
- Distribution
- Genus of some 80 species, from tropical America, Africa and Madagascar, and tropical Asia and the Pacific.
[FTEA]
Sapotaceae, J. H. Hemsley. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1968
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or rarely shrubs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-lamina frequently obovate or elliptic, coriaceous; lower surface with very closely appressed indumentum, giving a silvery light-reflecting effect or subglabrous; midrib prominently raised beneath, primary and secondary lateral nerves closely parallel, venation reticulate Leaves terminal; stipules absent or sometimes present and then soon falling away
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers usually many, clustered in axils of current or recently fallen leaves, long-pedicellate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 6, arranged in two dissimilar whorls of 3, free or slightly fused
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla of 6 members, fused at base into a short tube, lobes usually divided again into 3 segments
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 6, epipetalous; anther-dehiscence extrorse
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Staminodes
- Staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, ± ovate and petaloid to ± ligulate, glabrous, dentate, laciniate or sometimes bifurcate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary with 6–16 locules; ovules solitary, axile, anatropous to campylotropous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit baccate, fleshy or dryish and coriaceous, 1-several-seeded
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, laterally compressed; scar basiventral (at least in East Africa), narrowly elliptic to subcircular (not in East Africa); albumen present; cotyledons flattened and foliaceous.
[FZ]
Sapotaceae, F. K. Kupicha. Flora Zambesiaca 7:1. 1983
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees and shrubs, with leaves often borne in terminal clusters.
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules absent or soon caducous.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves often with oppressed silvery indumentum on lower surface.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers often numerous, borne in axils of current and recently-fallen leaves, long-pedicellate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 6, in two dissimilar whorls of 3, the inner ones thinner in texture and paler than the outer.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla of 6 members joined at the base into a short tube, each member comprising a median and two lateral segments.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 6, epipetalous; anthers extrorse.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Staminodes
- Staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, glabrous, petaloid to ligulate, dentate or laciniate, erect, not forming a sheath round the gynoecium.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary with 6–16 locules, densely pilose, with long slender glabrous-style.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a fleshy or leathery berry, 1-several-seeded.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, with narrow linear or large and broad lateral scar; endosperm abundant.
Native to:
Andaman Is., Angola, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caprivi Strip, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, China Southeast, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Panamá, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Cayman Is., Society Is., Southwest Caribbean, Tonga, Venezuelan Antilles
- Manilkara adolfi-friederici (Engl. & K.Krause) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara bequaertii (De Wild.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev.
- Manilkara boivinii Aubrév.
- Manilkara bolivarensis T.D.Penn.
- Manilkara butugi Chiov.
- Manilkara capuronii Aubrév.
- Manilkara casteelsii (De Wild.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara cavalcantei Pires & Rodr. ex T.D.Penn.
- Manilkara celebica H.J.Lam
- Manilkara chicle (Pittier) Gilly
- Manilkara concolor (Harv.) Gerstner
- Manilkara dardanoi Ducke
- Manilkara dawei (Stapf) Chiov.
- Manilkara decrescens T.D.Penn.
- Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl.
- Manilkara dissecta (L.f.) Dubard
- Manilkara doeringii (Engl. & K.Krause) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara dukensis (Engl. & K.Krause) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach.
- Manilkara excelsa (Ducke) Standl.
- Manilkara excisa (Urb.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara fasciculata (Warb.) H.J.Lam & Maas Geest.
- Manilkara fischeri (Engl.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara fouilloyana Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Manilkara frondosa (Hiern) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara gonavensis (Urb. & Ekman) Gilly ex Cronquist
- Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard
- Manilkara hoshinoi (Kaneh.) P.Royen
- Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl.
- Manilkara ilendensis (Engl.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara inundata (Ducke) Ducke
- Manilkara jaimiqui (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Dubard
- Manilkara kanosiensis H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse
- Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard
- Manilkara koechlinii Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Manilkara kribensis (Engl.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara kurziana H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse
- Manilkara letestui Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Manilkara letouzeyi Aubrév.
- Manilkara littoralis (Kurz) Dubard
- Manilkara longifolia (A.DC.) Dubard
- Manilkara longistyla (De Wild.) C.M.Evrard
- Manilkara lososiana Kenfack & Ewango
- Manilkara mabokeensis Aubrév.
- Manilkara maxima T.D.Penn.
- Manilkara mayarensis (Ekman ex Urb.) Cronquist
- Manilkara microphylla Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Manilkara mochisia (Baker) Dubard
- Manilkara multifida T.D.Penn.
- Manilkara nicholsonii A.E.van Wyk
- Manilkara obovata (Sabine & G.Don) J.H.Hemsl.
- Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl.
- Manilkara pellegriniana Tisser. & Sillans
- Manilkara perrieri Aubrév.
- Manilkara pleeana (Pierre ex Baill.) Cronquist
- Manilkara pobeguinii Pierre ex Dubard
- Manilkara pubicarpa Monach.
- Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard
- Manilkara rufula (Miq.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara sahafarensis Aubrév.
- Manilkara salzmannii (A.DC.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara samoensis H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse
- Manilkara sansibarensis (Engl.) Dubard
- Manilkara seretii (De Wild.) H.J.Lam
- Manilkara sideroxylon (Griseb.) Dubard
- Manilkara smithiana H.J.Lam & Maas Geest.
- Manilkara spectabilis (Pittier) Standl.
- Manilkara staminodella Gilly
- Manilkara suarezensis Aubrév.
- Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard
- Manilkara sulcata (Engl.) Dubard
- Manilkara sylvestris Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Manilkara triflora (Allemão) Monach.
- Manilkara udoido Kaneh.
- Manilkara valenzuelana (A.Rich.) T.D.Penn.
- Manilkara vitiensis (H.J.Lam & Olden) B.Meeuse
- Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen
- Manilkara zenkeri Lecomte ex Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Abebaia Baehni
- Achradelpha O.F.Cook
- Achras L.
- Calocarpum Pierre
- Calospermum Pierre
- Chiclea Lundell
- Eichleria M.M.Hartog
- Hornschuchia Spreng.
- Mahea Pierre ex L.Planch.
- Manilkariopsis (Gilly) Lundell
- Mopania Lundell
- Murianthe (Baill.) Aubrév.
- Muriea M.M.Hartog
- Nispero Aubrév.
- Northiopsis Kaneh.
- Sapota Mill.
- Shaferodendron Gilly
- Stisseria Scop.
- Synarrhena Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Manilkara Adans. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jul 1, 2003 | Etuge, M. [4457], Cameroon | K000749691 | No | ||
Myers, J.G. [11745], Sudan | 2518.000 | No | |||
Harris, D.J. [2419], Central African Republic | 63036.000 | No | |||
Harris, D.J. [1481], Central African Republic | 63369.000 | No | |||
Letouzey, R. [13677], Cameroon | K000027931 | No |
First published in Fam. Pl. 2: 166 (1763)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Pennington, D. (2001 publ. 2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Sapotaceae: 1-364. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Aubrév. in Notulae Syst. 16: 223 (1961). Nom. cons.
- Dubard in Ann. Mus. col. Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 6 (1915)
- Fam. pl. 2: 166 (1763)
Flora Zambesiaca
- Aubrév. in Adansonia 11: 251 (1971).
- Fam.PL .2:166(1763).
- H.J. Lam in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. sér. 3, 7: 234 (1925).
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 3, (2006) Author: by I. Friis [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Dubard in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 6 (1915)
- Fam. 2: 166 (1763)
- H. J. Lam et al. in Blumea 4: 323 (1941), nom. conserv.
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0