Family:
Sapotaceae Juss.

Manilkara Adans.

This genus is accepted, and its native range is Tropics & Subtropics.

[FSOM]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit
Unarmed trees, rarely shrubs, nearly always with characteristic sympodial branching from buds below the shoot apex
Morphology Leaves
Leaves alternate, clustered at or near the end of shoots; venation with parallel secondary veins looping to form an undulating marginal vein; stipules small, soon falling or absent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Flowers nearly always bisexual, rarely unisexual and plants then dioecious Inflorescences axillary clusters in the axils of present or fallen leaves
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx of 2 whorls of 3 (occasionally 2 or 4, but not in Flora area), free or slightly united sepals, the outer whorl valvate or slightly overlapping
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla nearly always glabrous; tube much shorter than lobes; lobes 6–9, usually spreading at anthesis, usually divided into 3 segments; median segment usually erect, clasping the stamen; lateral segments spreading, usually shorter than median segment, entire or deeply divided
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 6(–12), in a single whorl inserted at top of corolla tube; filaments free or partly fused with staminodes; anthers opening outwards, nearly always glabrous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Staminodes
Staminodes (0–)6(–12), alternating with stamens, regularly or irregularly longitudinally divided into 2 segments, sometimes rudimentary or absent, usually erect
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
Small annular disk sometimes present
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary 6–14-celled, hairy or glabrous; style exserted
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit a 1- to several-seeded berry, indehiscent, fleshy
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seed ellipsoid to obovoid, laterally compressed, with hard, shiny, woody testa; scar nearly always narrowly elongate, basiventral, less frequently extending along most of the adaxial face, very rarely broad.
Distribution
Genus of some 80 species, from tropical America, Africa and Madagascar, and tropical Asia and the Pacific.

[FTEA]

Sapotaceae, J. H. Hemsley. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1968

Morphology General Habit
Trees or rarely shrubs
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-lamina frequently obovate or elliptic, coriaceous; lower surface with very closely appressed indumentum, giving a silvery light-reflecting effect or subglabrous; midrib prominently raised beneath, primary and secondary lateral nerves closely parallel, venation reticulate Leaves terminal; stipules absent or sometimes present and then soon falling away
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers usually many, clustered in axils of current or recently fallen leaves, long-pedicellate
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals 6, arranged in two dissimilar whorls of 3, free or slightly fused
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla of 6 members, fused at base into a short tube, lobes usually divided again into 3 segments
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 6, epipetalous; anther-dehiscence extrorse
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Staminodes
Staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, ± ovate and petaloid to ± ligulate, glabrous, dentate, laciniate or sometimes bifurcate
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary with 6–16 locules; ovules solitary, axile, anatropous to campylotropous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit baccate, fleshy or dryish and coriaceous, 1-several-seeded
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, laterally compressed; scar basiventral (at least in East Africa), narrowly elliptic to subcircular (not in East Africa); albumen present; cotyledons flattened and foliaceous.

[FZ]

Sapotaceae, F. K. Kupicha. Flora Zambesiaca 7:1. 1983

Morphology General Habit
Trees and shrubs, with leaves often borne in terminal clusters.
Morphology Leaves Stipules
Stipules absent or soon caducous.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves often with oppressed silvery indumentum on lower surface.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers often numerous, borne in axils of current and recently-fallen leaves, long-pedicellate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals 6, in two dissimilar whorls of 3, the inner ones thinner in texture and paler than the outer.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla of 6 members joined at the base into a short tube, each member comprising a median and two lateral segments.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 6, epipetalous; anthers extrorse.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Staminodes
Staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, glabrous, petaloid to ligulate, dentate or laciniate, erect, not forming a sheath round the gynoecium.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary with 6–16 locules, densely pilose, with long slender glabrous-style.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit a fleshy or leathery berry, 1-several-seeded.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, with narrow linear or large and broad lateral scar; endosperm abundant.

Native to:

Andaman Is., Angola, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caprivi Strip, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, China Southeast, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Panamá, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Cayman Is., Society Is., Southwest Caribbean, Tonga, Venezuelan Antilles

Manilkara Adans. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jul 1, 2003 Etuge, M. [4457], Cameroon K000749691 No
Myers, J.G. [11745], Sudan 2518.000 No
Harris, D.J. [2419], Central African Republic 63036.000 No
Harris, D.J. [1481], Central African Republic 63369.000 No
Letouzey, R. [13677], Cameroon K000027931 No

First published in Fam. Pl. 2: 166 (1763)

Accepted by

  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Pennington, D. (2001 publ. 2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Sapotaceae: 1-364. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Literature

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aubrév. in Notulae Syst. 16: 223 (1961). Nom. cons.
  • Dubard in Ann. Mus. col. Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 6 (1915)
  • Fam. pl. 2: 166 (1763)

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Aubrév. in Adansonia 11: 251 (1971).
  • Fam.PL .2:166(1763).
  • H.J. Lam in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. sér. 3, 7: 234 (1925).

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 3, (2006) Author: by I. Friis [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Dubard in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 6 (1915)
  • Fam. 2: 166 (1763)
  • H. J. Lam et al. in Blumea 4: 323 (1941), nom. conserv.

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    Flora of Somalia
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0