Euphorbia falcata L.
Distribution
Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Great Britain, Kentucky, Maryland, Netherlands, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia
Synonyms
Homotypic Synonyms
- Esula falcata (L.) Haw. in Syn. Pl. Succ.: 159 (1812)
- Euphorbia falcata var. genuina Maire in Spicil. Rif.: 35 (1927), not validly publ.
- Galarhoeus falcatus (L.) Prokh. in Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 35 (1941)
- Keraselma falcatum (L.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
- Tithymalus falcatus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke in Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 292 (1858)
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Esula obscura (Loisel.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 150 (1869)
- Euphorbia acuminata Lam. in Encycl. 2: 426 (1788)
- Euphorbia arenaria Willd. ex Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3: 570 (1850), nom. illeg.
- Euphorbia arvensis Kit. ex Schult. in Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 16 (1814)
- Euphorbia arvensis Schleich. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 323 (1821), pro syn.
- Euphorbia caesaraugustana Willk. & Lange in Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 505 (1877), nom. nud.
- Euphorbia caudata Boiss. & Hausskn. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1267 (1866)
- Euphorbia erythrosperma A.Kern. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 1867: 30 (1867)
- Euphorbia falcata var. acuminata (Lam.) St.-Amans in Fl. Agen.: 189 (1818)
- Euphorbia falcata var. carunculata Loscos & J.Pardo in Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon.: 95 (1863)
- Euphorbia falcata var. congesta Daveau in Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 25 (1885)
- Euphorbia falcata var. croizatii Sennen & Mauricio in É.M.G.Sennen, Diagn. Nouv.: 242 (1936)
- Euphorbia falcata var. ecornuta Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4: 1111 (1879)
- Euphorbia falcata subsp. falcata in
- Euphorbia falcata var. falciformis Griseb. in Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 139 (1843)
- Euphorbia falcata var. galilaea (Boiss.) Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 140 (1862)
- Euphorbia falcata var. latifolia Font Quer in Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1930: n.° 412 (1932)
- Euphorbia falcata var. laxa Albert in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Var: 429 (1908)
- Euphorbia falcata subsp. lusitanica (Daveau) Cout. in Fl. Portugal: 388 (1913)
- Euphorbia falcata var. lusitanica Daveau in Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 25 (1885)
- Euphorbia falcata subsp. macrostegia (Bornm.) O.Schwartz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 129 (1934)
- Euphorbia falcata var. macrostegia Bornm. in Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 24: 111 (1908)
- Euphorbia falcata var. maroccana Murb. in Contr. Fl. Maroc 2: 6 (1923)
- Euphorbia falcata var. minor W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 731 (1844)
- Euphorbia falcata var. mucronata (Lam.) Fiori in Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 178 (1925)
- Euphorbia falcata var. obscura (Loisel.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 655 (1881)
- Euphorbia falcata var. peploiforme Sennen in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 190 (1931)
- Euphorbia falcata var. rubra (Cav.) Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 140 (1862)
- Euphorbia falcata f. rubra (Cav.) Nikolic in Fl. SR Srbije 3: 556 (1972)
- Euphorbia falcata subsp. rubra (Cav.) Mateo & Figuerola in Fl. Anal. Prov. Valencia: 368 (1987)
- Euphorbia falcata var. vernalis Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 282 (1901)
- Euphorbia galilaea Boiss. in Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 116 (1853)
- Euphorbia mucronata Lam. in Encycl. 2: 427 (1788)
- Euphorbia nervosa Kit. in Linnaea 32: 559 (1864)
- Euphorbia obscura Loisel. in J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 332 (1809)
- Euphorbia palatinata F.Zimm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 375 (1916), nom. nud.
- Euphorbia pseudograeca Grossh. in Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. 1: 44 (1941)
- Euphorbia purpurascens Deysson in Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 62: 35 (1907), nom. illeg.
- Euphorbia rubra Cav. in Icon. 1: 21 (1791)
- Euphorbia rubra f. autumnalis Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 498 (1877)
- Euphorbia rubra f. vernalis Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 498 (1877)
- Euphorbia rugosa Kit. in A.Rochel, Pl. Banat. Rar.: 26 (1828), nom. nud.
- Euphorbia tatianae Fed. in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 16: 241 (1954)
- Keraselma rubrum (Cav.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
- Tithymalus falcatus subsp. acuminatus (Lam.) Soják in Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
- Tithymalus falcatus subsp. macrostegius (Bornm.) Soják in Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
- Tithymalus galilaeus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 83 (1860)
- Tithymalus mucronatus Bubani in Fl. Pyren. 1: 94 (1897)
- Tithymalus ruber (Cav.) Bubani in Fl. Pyren. 1: 93 (1897)
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Baikov, K.S. (2007). Synopsis of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in the Northern Asia. Botanicheskii Zhurnal. Moscow & Leningrad 92(1): 135-159.
- Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
- Binojkumar, M.S. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2010). The genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) in India. A taxonomic revision: 1-430. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Geltman, D.V. (2020). A synopsis of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) for the Cacuasus. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 51: 43-78.
- Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
- Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
- Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
- Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
- Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
- Patzelt, A. & al. (2020). Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXXIV. Sixty new records from the Sultanate of Oman. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 77: 413-437.
- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
- Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bornmüller, J.F.N. [9961], Turkey | Euphorbia falcata var. macrostegia | K001080001 | Yes |
Sources
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
- Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images