Euphorbiaceae
Aleurites

Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.

First published in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 590 (1805)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Asia to W. Pacific. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food, a poison, a medicine and invertebrate food and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, India, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Marshall Is., Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vanuatu, Vietnam

Introduced into:

Argentina Northeast, Bahamas, Brazil Northeast, Cayman Is., Christmas I., Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Florida, Haiti, Hawaii, Jamaica, Kermadec Is., Leeward Is., Madagascar, Marquesas, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Niue, Paraguay, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Samoa, Society Is., Swaziland, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Wallis-Futuna Is., Windward Is., Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.
  • Chayamarit, K. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). Euphorbiaceae (Genera A-F). Flora of Thailand 8(1): 1-303. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Florence, J. (1997). Flore de la Polynésie Française 1: 1-393. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Keller, H.A., Stampella, P.C., Delucchi, G. & Hurrell, J.A. (2013). Vernicia fordii y Aleurites moluccanus (Euphorbiaceae) en la Argentina. Naturalización y etnobotánica. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 48: 553-561.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Zanotti, C.A. & Moroni, P.D. (eds.) (2024). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 10: 1-251. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Florence, J. (1997). Flore de la Polynésie Française 1: 1-393. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • GBIF ( 2021-continuously updated). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Keller, H.A., Stampella, P.C., Delucchi, G. & Hurrell, J.A. (2013). Vernicia fordii y Aleurites moluccanus (Euphorbiaceae) en la Argentina. Naturalización y etnobotánica. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 48: 553-561.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A. Engler & O. Drude, Die Vegetation Der Erde, IX, Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3(2): 60, t. 23 (1921).
  • Airy Shaw in Kew Bulletin 20: 393 (1967).
  • F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 193 (1962).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 199 (1949).
  • Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 723 (1866).
  • Pax in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147(1): 129, t. 45 (1910).
  • Troupin, Fl. Rwanda 2: 204, t. 60/1 (1983).
  • Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 590 (1805).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 2, 2020 Vu Xuan Phuong [303] Vietnam K001235425 No
Powell, H. [[15]] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K004782395 No
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [35321] United States K004782345 Yes
Carvalho [2605] K004782355 Yes
Guilding, L. (Rev.) [s.n.] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K004782403 Yes
[Arumpad] [SAN15316] K004782147 Yes
Carvalho [2605] K004782352 Yes
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [35059] United States K004782335 Yes
Lingkeu [S53899] Malaysia K004782134 Yes
Whitmore, T.C. [TCW3024] Vanuatu K004782255 Yes
Cuadra, A. [A2488] K004782138 Yes
{Mrs. Thomas Jaggar} [12950] United States K004782341 Yes
Melville, R.; Pont, W.; Stephen, S. [3674] Cook Islands K004782246 Yes
Kandilis [10321] K004782137 Yes
Cheeseman, T.F. [55] K004782248 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782361 Yes
Noorudin [6266] K004782139 Yes
Greenwell, A. [19557] United States K004782344 Yes
Academia, A.Z. [SAN34458] K004782148 Yes
Heller, A.A.; Halbach, E.G. [967] Puerto Rico K004782402 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782401 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782364 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782400 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya K004782359 Yes
Apostol, L. [1311] K004782144 Yes
Melville, R.; Pont, W.; Stephens, S. [3674] Cook Islands K004782244 Yes
Hyland, B.P.M. [5749] Cook Islands K004782242 Yes
Stone, B.C. [3427] United States K004782328 Yes
Clemens, J.; Clemens, M.S. [20203] K004782130 Yes
Teona, R. [BSIP6288] Solomon Islands K004782251 Yes
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [27455] United States K004782346 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Paraguay K004782413 Yes
Hahn, L. [306] Martinique K004782398 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya K004782360 Yes
Apostol [7676] K004782142 Yes
Stanley, K.; Aulani, L. [32481] Hawaii K000959477 Type Yes
Garai; Dr Haviland [591] K004782129 Yes
Sintenis, P. [972] Puerto Rico K004782399 Yes
Pauwels, L. [5439] K004782354 Yes
Glaziou, M. [11547] K004782407 Yes
Barlay Antigua and Barbuda K000716389 No
Barlay Antigua and Barbuda K001519225 No
Wilson, J.P. [989] Vanuatu K004782253 Yes
{Degener; Mrs Thomas Jagger} [12951] United States K004782343 Yes
Burchell [9589] Brazil K004782410 Yes
Pukol, H. [BRUN5419] Brunei K004782145 Yes
Lajangah, J.K. [44559] Malaysia K004782149 Yes
Apostol [7676] K004782143 Yes
[Glotch] [s.n.] Brazil K004782409 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P868] Uganda K004782347 Yes
s.coll. [D236] Tanzania K004782365 Yes
Stone, B.C. [3427] United States K004782327 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Tanzania K004782350 Yes
Curry, P. [339] Vanuatu K004782260 Yes
s.coll. [5] Vanuatu K004782254 Yes
Chew Wee-Lek [RSNH307] Vanuatu K004782256 Yes
Amin; et al. [SAN117402] Malaysia K004782151 Yes
Riedel [s.n.] Brazil K004782404 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K004782342 Yes
Cheeseman, T.F. [55] K004782247 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Ghana K004782351 Yes
Kajewski, S.F. [242] Vanuatu K004782252 Yes
Santo, E. [1557] Guinea K004782353 Yes
Saikeh, L. [San73471] Malaysia K004782150 Yes
Hinds [s.n.] United States K004782337 Yes
Maenu'u, L. [BSIP6099] Solomon Islands K004782250 Yes
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [32484] United States K004782329 Yes
Degener, O.; Degener, I. [35370] United States K004782334 Yes
Bourdy, G. [264] Vanuatu K004782257 Yes
Wheatley, J.I. [310] Vanuatu K004782259 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782363 Yes
Eggers [5097] Cuba K004782394 No
Dyg. Awa; Abg. Lingkeu [S53899] Malaysia K004782131 Yes
Josiah, J. [90] Vanuatu K004782261 Yes
Cuadra, A. [A3253] K004782141 Yes
Hyland, B.P.M. [5737] Cook Islands K004782241 Yes
Dyg. Awa; Abg. Lingkeu [S53899] Malaysia K004782133 Yes
Melville, R.; Pont, W.; Stephens, S. [3674] Cook Islands K004782245 Yes
[E. P. Heringer]; Figueiras, T.S.; Mendoca, R.C.; Pereira, B.A.S.; Heringer Salles, A.E.; Chagas, F.; Silva, E. [5687] Brazil K004782412 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782396 Yes
Stone, B.C. [s.n.] United States K004782333 Yes
[Martin] [s.n.] K004782405 Yes
Meijer, W.; Rundi, M. [43901] Malaysia K004782153 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782397 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782367 Yes
Oliver, W.R.B. [s.n.] K004782249 Yes
Sugau, J.B.; et al. [JBS142] K004782146 Yes
Scheffler [178] K004782362 Yes
Harris, B.J. [BJH2818] K004782366 Yes
Wheatley, J.I. [310] Vanuatu K004782258 Yes
Mail [1834] K004782140 Yes
Verdcourt [872] Uganda K004116298 Yes
Miers, J. [3987] K004782408 Yes
Kajewski, S.F. [1180] Cook Islands K004782243 Yes
Ford, J. [573] Uganda K004782348 Yes
Wiriadinata, H. [4100] Malaysia K004782136 Yes
Banyeng; Yahud; et al. [S57538] Malaysia K004782132 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K004782411 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya K004782357 Yes
Kadir [A2704] K004782154 Yes
Stokes, J.F.G. [s.n.] United States K004782336 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Uganda K004782356 Yes
Banyeng; Yahud; et al. [S57539] Malaysia K004782135 Yes
Barclay [s.n.] United States K004782338 Yes
Ambriansyah; Arifin [W953] Indonesia K000648351 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya K004782358 Yes
Martii [848] Brazil K004782406 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004782368 Yes
Leemann [1729] United States K004782340 Yes
Amin; Francis [SAN121099] Malaysia K004782152 Yes
Verdcourt [872] Uganda K004782349 Yes
Havel, J.J. [9169] Papua New Guinea Aleurites moluccanus var. floccosus K000959479 Holotype Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0