Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia

Euphorbia indica Lam.

First published in Encycl. 2: 423 (1788)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is S. Iran to S. China and Indo-China. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, West Himalaya

Introduced into:

Aldabra, Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Ethiopia, Free State, Gulf States, Iraq, Kuwait, Malawi, Mozambique, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Socotra, Sudan, Transcaucasus, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2021). https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.485.1.1/42845. epublication.
  • Binojkumar, M.S. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2010). The genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) in India. A taxonomic revision: 1-430. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Caminho, J., Mutemba, L., Matusse, E., Osborne, J., Wursten, B., Burrows, J., Cianciullo, S., Malatesta, L. & Attorre, F. (2022). An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants. PhytoKeys 189: 61-80.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Mehboob-ur-Rahman (2012). Wild plants of Swat, Pakistan 1: 1-281. Department of botany, govt. Jehanzeb post graduate college.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Pahlevani, A.H. & Riina, R. (2011). A synopsis of Euphorbia subgen. Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran. Annales Botanici Fennici 48: 304-316.
  • Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, ed. 2: 1-610. CNRS Publication.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Yang, Y., Riina, R., Morawetz, J.J., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X. & Berry, P.E. (2012). Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 61: 764-789.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Binojkumar, M.S. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2010). The genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) in India. A taxonomic revision: 1-430. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Pahlevani, A.H. & Riina, R. (2011). A synopsis of Euphorbia subgen. Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran. Annales Botanici Fennici 48: 304-316.
  • Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
  • Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, ed. 2: 1-610. CNRS Publication.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by S. Carter [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
  • Pickering, H. & Awale, A. I. (2018). Introduction to plants in Central Somaliland. Ponte Invisibile, Redsea Cultural Foundation.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 22 (1862).
  • F. W. Andr., The Flowering Plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan2: 71 (1952).
  • Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 423 (1786).
  • Raju & Rao in Ind. J. Bot. 2: 202 (1979).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Tweedie [3138] Kenya K004957427 No
Corradi, R. [5711] Ethiopia K004955980 Yes
Lebrun, J.A. [9123] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004955734 Yes
Parker, C. [E331] Ethiopia K004955986 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Thulin, M.; Aweke, G. [375] Ethiopia K004955985 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [5447] Zambia K000776110 Yes
Tweedie, E.M. [1888] Uganda K:SPC-02067.000 No
Tweedie [2253] Uganda K:SPC-25997.000 No
Bidgood, S.; Merrett, L.; Vollesen, K.B. [8664] Zambia K004799088 Yes
Bally, P.R.O.; Stephenson, P.R. [B6567] Saudi Arabia K005355972 Yes
Smith, P.P. [0168] Zambia K000776111 Yes
Kotschy [154] K000252786 Syntype Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs) [3602] Kenya K004957430 Yes
Luke [3090B] Kenya K004957433 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [3660] Zambia K000776112 Yes
Smith, P.A. [2441] Botswana K004799093 Yes
Gereau, R.; Willcox, L.L.; Mionczynski, J.S. [1411] Ethiopia K004955981 Yes
[Miss. D.O.H. Maautosh] [7K] Sudan K004955954 Yes
[Kotschy] [s.n.] Sudan K004955968 Yes
Siame, W. [61] Tanzania K004957445 Yes
Robinson, E.A. [3136] Malawi K004799086 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [3132] Tanzania K004957441 Yes
Harris, B.J. [232] Tanzania K004957452 Yes
Corradi, R. [5615] Ethiopia K004955979 Yes
Astle, W.L. [4675] Zambia K000776116 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K005355978 Yes
Monier Abd El Ghani [3678] Egypt K005355974 Yes
Verdcourt [3371] Tanzania K004957448 Yes
Deflers, M. [121] Saudi Arabia K005355970 Yes
Cope, T.A. [118] Oman K005355962 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [4174] Egypt K005355977 Yes
[HM Broumerk]; [GF Broumerk] [1590] Sudan K004955974 Yes
Kirk (Dr) [s.n.] Mozambique K004799079 Yes
Grandvaux Barbosa, L.A.; de Lemos, F. [8376] Mozambique K004799083 Yes
Sillitoe, F. [440] Sudan K004955976 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K005355976 Yes
Bidgood, G.S.; Abdallah, R.; Vollesen, K.B. [1748] Tanzania K004957450 Yes
{Dr Pfund} [264] Sudan K004955966 Yes
Biegel, H.M. [5470] Zimbabwe K004799090 Yes
Griffith [[1341]] Afghanistan K005355959 Yes
Sherif, M.I. [A3913] Sudan K004955952 Yes
{Broun, A.F.; Mrs. A.F. Broun} [5] Sudan K004955969 Yes
Jackson, J.K. [3403] Sudan K004955957 Yes
Padwa, S.H. [274] Ethiopia K004955984 Yes
Gossweiler, J. [229] Angola K001307819 Yes
Chase, N.C. [2822] Mozambique K004799077 Yes
Tanner, R. [2907] Tanzania K004957440 Yes
Tanner, R. [2647] Tanzania K004957435 Yes
Vollesen, K.B. [MRC4421] Tanzania K004957453 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [3615] Tanzania K004957462 Yes
Harley, R.M. [9400] Tanzania K004957447 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [4664] Saudi Arabia K005355971 Yes
Kotschy [5] Ethiopia K004955970 Yes
Cope, T.A. [92] Oman K005355968 Yes
Wellby, M.S. [s.n.] Ethiopia K004955988 Yes
Fiukui, K.; Fiukui, M. [1472] Ethiopia K004955983 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [16014] Tanzania K004957460 No
{Dr. G. Schweinfurth} [874] Sudan K004955958 Yes
Kassner [2524] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004955730 Yes
Carr, C.J. [853] Ethiopia K004955989 Yes
[Balikin Beshir] [103] Sudan K004955962 Yes
Merrett, L.; Vollesen, K.B.; Bidgood, S. [9891] Zambia K004799089 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [7016] Sudan K004955977 Yes
Wild, H. [2499] Zimbabwe K004799092 Yes
Batty, M. [685] Tanzania K004957455 Yes
{Dr Pfund} [489] Sudan K004955965 Yes
Welwitsh [294] Angola K004799094 Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs) [3551] Kenya K004957429 Yes
Evans-Pritchard, E.E. [35] Sudan K004955960 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. [1145] Tanzania K004957446 Yes
Haarer, A.E. [1372] Tanzania K004957436 Yes
Welw [295] Angola K004799095 Yes
Batty, M. [1304] Tanzania K004957451 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Kwatha, R.B. [4827] Malawi K004799084 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [3750] Tanzania K004957443 Yes
Siame, W. [61] Tanzania K004957444 Yes
{Mrs. M. Rciahrds} [19233] Tanzania K004957458 Yes
Astle, W.L. [4474] Zambia K000776113 Yes
Hooper, S.S.; Townsend, C.C. [1122] Kenya K004957432 Yes
Campbell, H. [5] Ethiopia K004955987 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [1527] Tanzania K004957439 No
[M.N. Harrison] [[1006]] Sudan K004955961 Yes
Phipps, J.B. [2387] Zimbabwe K004799091 Yes
Radcliffe-Smith, A. [3703] Oman K005355963 Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [461] Afghanistan K005355960 Yes
Richards, M. (Mrs) [19241] Tanzania K004957457 Yes
Andrews, J.W. [A211] Sudan K004955951 Yes
Pirozynski, K.A. [P408] Tanzania K004957449 No
[Balikin Boshi] [66] Sudan K004955959 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [F5686] Zambia K000776119 Yes
Corradi, R. [5640] Ethiopia K004955978 Yes
Polhill, R.; Paulo, S. [536] Kenya K004957431 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [7050] Sudan K004955972 Yes
de Lemos, F.; Balsinhas, A. [145] Mozambique K004799082 Yes
Paterson, A. [531] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004955733 Yes
Vaughan, J.H. [1273] Tanzania K004957464 Yes
Radcliffe-Smith, A. [5270] Oman K005355966 Yes
Angus, A. [3840] Zambia K000776118 Yes
Pettet, A. [139] Sudan K004955964 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [s.n.] Tanzania K004957438 Yes
Vaughan, J.H. [496] Tanzania K004957465 Yes
Wood, J.R.I. [2619] Yemen K005355967 Yes
Kässner [279] Kenya K004957428 Yes
Robinson, E.A. [6268] Zambia K000776117 Yes
de Lemos, F.; Macuacua, L. [144] Mozambique K004799081 Yes
[J. Basinski] [[13A]] Sudan K004955963 Yes
Radcliffe-Smith, A.; Henchie, S.J. [4820] Yemen K005355964 Yes
Astle, W.L. [4568] Zambia K000776115 Yes
Petherick, C. [s.n.] Sudan K004955967 Yes
Friis, I.; Gilbert, M.G.; Vollesen, K.B. [3689] Ethiopia K004955982 Yes
Prince, S.D. [206] Zambia K000776114 Yes
Luke, W.R.Q. [3429] Kenya K004957434 Yes
Carr, C.J. [412] Ethiopia K004955990 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Qatar K005355965 Yes
Bester, S.P. [11129] Mozambique K004799078 Yes
Lebrun, J.A. [9123] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004955729 Yes
Lock, J.M. [81/192] Sudan K004955956 Yes
Niamir-Abyei, M. [44] Sudan K004955955 Yes
[Balikin Beshir] [62] Sudan K004955953 Yes
Champluvier, D. [4402] Israel K005355973 Yes
Vaughan, J.H. [1681] Tanzania K004957463 Yes
Lea, A. [20] Mozambique K004799080 Yes
Kotschy [309] Ethiopia K004955971 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Kuwait K005355961 Yes
Lawton, R.M. [2320] Oman K005355969 Yes
Thollon, M. [416] Congo, Republic of the K004955731 Yes
Jackson, J.K. [4131] Sudan K004955973 Yes
Lea, A. [LR34] Tanzania K004957461 Yes
Greenway [5204] Tanzania K004957454 Yes
Lisowski, S. [11690] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004955732 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [2423] Tanzania K004957442 Yes
Batty, M. [401] Tanzania K004957456 Yes
[Mr Frere] [s.n.] Afghanistan K005355958 Yes
Monier Abd El Ghani [2990] Egypt K005355975 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [1950] Tanzania K004957437 No
Whellan, J.A. [1185] Tanzania K004957459 Yes
Lea, J.D. [41] Sudan K004955975 Yes
Hassler, E. (Dr.) [s.n.] Paraguay Euphorbia ovalifolia K003399205 Yes
Hassler, E. (Dr.) [1602] Paraguay Euphorbia ovalifolia K003399207 Yes
Hassler, E. (Dr.) [3819] Paraguay Euphorbia ovalifolia K003399206 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Euphorbia ovalifolia K003399787 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Euphorbia ovalifolia K003399786 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images