Euphorbiaceae
Hura

Hura crepitans L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 1008 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical America. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil North, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Benin, Central African Republic, Florida, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Grenand, P., Engel, J., Frame, D., Delprete, P.G., Fleury, M., Odonne, G., Davy, D., Lucas, E.J. & Martin, C.A. (2022). An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature. Adansonia, sér. 3, 44: 345-903.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Oliveira, L. dos S.D., da Silva, M.J. & de Sales, M.F. (2013). Synopsis of the tribe Hureae (Euphorbioideae, Euphorbiaceae). Brittonia 65: 310-329.
  • van Welzen, P.C. & Chayamarit, K. (2007). Flora of Thailand 8(2): 305-592. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew's Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/
  • López-Camacho, R., Pulido, E., Diaz, J. (2016). APP Especies Maderables Versión 2 [online application software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Identificación de las plantas útiles como Productos Forestales No Maderables del Bosque seco-Tropical en tres ventanas del Caribe colombiano. 1386 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Sarmiento Bernal, C. (Proveedor del metadatos). Espitia Palenci, L. (Autor), Gallego, B. (Punto de contacto), Aguilar Cano, J. (Curador), Mendoza, H. (Curador). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=rrbb_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Germán Torres-Morales (Originador, Editor), Laura Nova (Originador), Jhon Estupián (Editor), Lina García (Contacto del recurso). Lista de especies de plantas y murciélagos de la cuenca del río Claro, Antioquia. 2746 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_rioclaro_faunaflora_201
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A. Engler & O. Drude, Die Vegetation Der Erde, IX, Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3(2): 144 (1921).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 216 (1949).
  • Keay, Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 368 (1958), in adnot.
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 1008 (1753).
  • Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 1229 (1866).
  • Pax in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147(5): 272 (1912).
  • Prain in Flora of Tropical Africa 6(1): 1019 (1913).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2022 Lamei, P. [LAE 89499] Papua New Guinea K001235525 Yes
Jan 1, 2015 Carrion Cuellar, A.M.; et al. [1341] Bolivia K001378569 Yes
Jan 1, 2012 Hendelot, D. [846] K000846146 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873487 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873485 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [s.n.] Barbados K003873424 No
Bunpheng, D. [1038] Thailand K003873466 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873447 Yes
Diaz, J.; Castellanos Castro, C.; Norden, N.; Biggs, N.; Buelva, V.; Pajaro, F. [122] Colombia K001577146 Yes
Schultes, R.E.; Black, G.A. [8444] Colombia K001502146 Yes
Suriname, B. [502] Suriname K003873438 Yes
Pereira-Silva, G.; dos Santos, A. J. B.; Moreira, G. A.; Pereira, J. B. [15198] Brazil K001765496 Yes
Wood, J.R.I. [12274] Bolivia K000939953 Yes
Cascante, A.; Zamora, M. [395] Costa Rica K003873412 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873488 Yes
Smith, H.H.; Smith, G.W. [804] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K003873425 No
Pilz, G.E. [1853] Nigeria K003873480 Yes
Bourne [2875] India K003873458 Yes
Purdie; Hooker [s.n.] Jamaica K003873428 No
Purdie [s.n.] Jamaica K003873427 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873476 Yes
Snowden, J.D. [2038] Uganda K003873482 Yes
Allard, H.A. [16771] Dominican Republic K003873420 No
Jenman [5638] Guyana K003873450 Yes
Hj. Othman; Munting [S54961] Malaysia K003873460 Yes
Archbold, M.E. [2782] Tanzania K003873490 Yes
Philcox, D. [7930] Trinidad and Tobago K000716109 Yes
Philcox, D. [7930] Trinidad and Tobago K003873434 No
Deighton, F.C. [4608] Sierra Leone K003873409 Yes
Miguel [s.n.] Suriname K003873440 Yes
Prance, G.T.; Maas, P.J.M.; Woolcott, D.B.; Monteiro, O.P.; Ramos, J.F. [16342] Brazil K003873446 Yes
Gomes, B.M.; Beatriz, M.G.; Santos, A.A.; Gomes, V.F. [534] Brazil K003873452 Yes
Hostmann [309] Suriname K003873435 Yes
Evans, R.; Koemar, S. [2589] Suriname K003873453 Yes
Chase, N.C. [8111] Zimbabwe K003873469 Yes
McWhirter, J.H. [45] Madagascar K003873470 Yes
Sangkhachand, B. [318] Thailand K003873464 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873456 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873455 Yes
Snowden, J.D. [2038] Uganda K003873483 Yes
Forest Department of British Guiana [F3046] Guyana K003873449 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guyana K003873451 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873486 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [15088] India K003873459 Yes
s.coll. [[195]] Ghana K003873408 Yes
Dorr, L.J.; Koenders, L. [3011] Madagascar K003873411 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Jamaica K003873430 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K003873468 Yes
Fendler, A. [687] Trinidad and Tobago K003873433 No
Mc.Fadyen [s.n.] Jamaica K003873429 No
s.coll. [52] Suriname K003873436 Yes
Philcox, D.; Kalloo, B.; Jurawan, R. [7247] Trinidad and Tobago K000716111 Yes
Narváez, M. [1146] Mexico K003873472 Yes
Saint Lucia K:SPC-70000.463 No
[Burchell] [[9238]] K003873441 Yes
Philcox, D.; Wood, D. [7230] Trinidad and Tobago K000716110 Yes
Espirito Santo [1931] Guinea-Bissau K003873475 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873484 Yes
Chin, S.C.; Phang, S.M. [3029] Malaysia K003873462 Yes
Grant, D.K.S. [E] Tanzania K003873489 Yes
Talbot, H.F. [s.n.] Guinea K003873444 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Haiti K003873473 Yes
Rodenhuis [s.n.] Suriname K003873439 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [3286] Cote d'Ivoire K003873477 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873481 Yes
Okafor, J.C. [FHI31283] Nigeria K003873479 Yes
Sabatier, D.; Prévost, M.F. [4857] French Guiana K003873448 Yes
Randrianarivelo, C.; Letsara, R.; Kamisilahy [298] Madagascar K003873410 Yes
Martin [s.n.] French Guiana K003873443 Yes
Alexander, R.C. [s.n.] Jamaica K003873426 No
Whitmore, T.C.; Kalima, T. [TCW3181] Indonesia K003873463 Yes
Ng, F.S.P. [27381] Malaysia K003873461 Yes
Alexander, R.C. [823] Jamaica K003873422 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873478 Yes
Bourne [2874] India K003873457 Yes
Fuertes, P.M. [720] Dominican Republic K003873421 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873467 Yes
B.B.S. [503] Suriname K003873454 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003873471 Yes
Archbold, M.E. [2728] Tanzania K003873492 Yes
Kochummen, K.M. [FRI26579] Malaysia K003873465 Yes
Beard, J.S. [428] K003873423 No
Hostmann [309] Suriname K003873442 Yes
Miguel [s.n.] Suriname K003873445 Yes
Archbold, M.E. [2782] Tanzania K003873491 Yes
Suriname, B. [225] Suriname K003873437 Yes
Peru K000111694 Yes
Peru K000111695 Yes
Peru K000111696 Yes
Bolivia K001378569 Yes
Colombia K001502147 Yes
Colombia K001502148 Yes
Colombia K001502149 Yes
Colombia K001502150 Yes
Colombia K001502151 Yes
Colombia K001502152 Yes
Colombia K001502153 Yes
Colombia K001502154 Yes
Colombia K001502155 Yes
Venezuelanae K001502156 Yes
Venezuelanae K001502157 Yes
Venezuelanae K001502158 Yes
Ecuador K001502159 Yes
Peru K001502160 Yes
Peru K001502161 Yes
Peru K001502162 Yes
Peru K001502163 Yes
Peru K001502164 Yes
Peru K001502165 Yes
Peru K001502166 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0