Phyllanthaceae
Phyllanthus

Phyllanthus urinaria L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 982 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N. Australia. It is an annual or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as a poison and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Japan, Jawa, Korea, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Marianas, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia

Introduced into:

Alabama, Arkansas, Belize, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Central American Pacific Is., Chagos Archipelago, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, DR Congo, Ecuador, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Illinois, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kansas, Leeward Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Madagascar, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, New Caledonia, New York, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Carolina, Peru, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., South Carolina, Suriname, Tennessee, Texas, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Venezuela, Virginia, Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Breteler, F.J. (2012). Flore du Gabon 43: 1-107. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Chakrabarty, T. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2018). Indo-Burmese Phyllanthaceae: A Taxonomic Revision: 1-437. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Florence, J. (1997). Flore de la Polynésie Française 1: 1-393. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Ilunga wa Ilunga, E. & Meerts, P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaïre - Rwanda - Burundi), Phyllanthaceae: 1-163. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Martins, E.R. & de Lima, L.R. (2011). Sinopse do gênero Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) do estado de São Paulo. Hoehnea 38: 123-133.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Pasha, M.K., Chakrabarthy, T. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2013). A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Bangladesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 37: 291-304.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Ralimanana, H., Hoffmann, P. & Rajeriarison, C. (2013). Taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro islands III: subgenera Swartziani, Afroswartziani and Emblica. Kew Bulletin 68: 535-558.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542. New York Botanical Garden.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Williams, J.K. (2010). Additions to the Alien vascular flora of Mexico, with comments on the shared species of Texas, Mexico and Belize. Phytoneuron 2010-3: 1-7.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • da Silva, M.J. & de Sales, M.F. (2008). Sinopse do Gênero Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) no Nordeste do Brasil. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 59: 401-406.
  • van Welzen, P.C. & Chayamarit, K. (2007). Flora of Thailand 8(2): 305-592. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • —F.T.A. 6, 1: 721.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2023). http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op155p3-8.pdf. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ananda Rao, T. & Ellis, J.L. (1995). Flora of Lakshadweep islands off the Malabar coast, peninsular India, with emphasis on phytogeographical distribution of plants. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19: 235-250.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Florence, J. (1997). Flore de la Polynésie Française 1: 1-393. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jongkind, C. (2014). Fauna & Flora of Liberia, flowering plant species list www.liberianfaunaflora.org.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Martins, E.R. & de Lima, L.R. (2011). Sinopse do gênero Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) do estado de São Paulo. Hoehnea 38: 123-133.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Ralimanana, H., Hoffmann, P. & Rajeriarison, C. (2013). Taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro islands III: subgenera Swartziani, Afroswartziani and Emblica. Kew Bulletin 68: 535-558.
  • Ramos Martins, E., Ribes de Lima, L. & Cordeiro, I. (2014). Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) no estado de Rio de Janeiro. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 65: 405-424.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542. New York Botanical Garden.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2016 Delnatte, C. [3652] Martinique K001573775 Yes
Jan 1, 1988 Manning, S.D. [89] Cameroon K000180637 No
Runikera, P.; et al. [BSIP9864] Solomon Islands K004519505 Yes
Runi; Lai, S.T.; et al. [S67462] Malaysia K004518101 Yes
Larsen, K. [8091] Thailand K004517462 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [9527] Thailand K004517485 Yes
Yii; Runi [S60629] Malaysia K004518097 Yes
Dius Tadong [438] Malaysia K004518095 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [1379] Cameroon K000180638 No
Trethowan, L.; Bramley, G.; Puglisi, C.; Mus.; Jhon.; Azim.; Wira. [1349] Indonesia K001609251 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [4219] Thailand K004517477 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [2624] Thailand K004517468 Yes
Giking, M. [36] Malaysia K004518093 Yes
Munting; Rantai; Jegong [S52851] Malaysia K004518105 Yes
Kandau Jenang [S62488] Malaysia K004518106 Yes
Wichian [302] Thailand K004517459 Yes
Soejarto, D.D.; Southavong, B.H. [10791] Laos K004517490 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [602] Indonesia K004518078 Yes
Christensen, H.; Apu, F.L. [432] Malaysia K004518098 Yes
Lomudin Tadong [39] Malaysia K004518094 Yes
Esser, H.J. [98-183] Thailand K004517487 Yes
s.coll. [4480] India K000246557 Type Yes
Assi, A. [11056] Cote d'Ivoire K004860646 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [19724] Thailand K004517475 Yes
s.coll. [158] Indonesia K004518088 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan K001056668 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sangkhachand, B. [1590] Thailand K004517474 Yes
Hj. Othman; Munting [S61509] Malaysia K004518100 Yes
Nakisi, A.; Ben, W.; Mauriasi, R. [BSIP8250] Solomon Islands K004519504 Yes
Adams, C.D. [4435] Ghana K004860647 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [499] Sierra Leone K004860636 Yes
Horsfield, T. [s.n.] Indonesia K004518089 Yes
Haswell, D.R. [29] Sierra Leone K004860642 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [3794] Sierra Leone K004860639 Yes
Buwalda, P. [4255] Indonesia K004518075 Yes
Put [2072] Thailand K004517482 Yes
Smith, A.C. [5824] Fiji K004860063 Yes
Balslev, H.; Poopath, M.; Karaket, P.; Thaotawin, P.; Kladwong, P.; Rujichaipimon, W.; Brem Nøhr, N. [10137] Thailand K001767532 No
Fraser, M. [67] Indonesia K004518064 Yes
de Haan, G.A.L. [1729] Indonesia K004518071 Yes
Esser, H.J. [99-10] Thailand K004517472 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [2570] Sierra Leone K004860641 Yes
Tothill, J.D.; Tothill, B.H. [734] Fiji K004860065 Yes
Forman, L.L.; Blewett, J.B.J. [832] Brunei K004518109 Yes
Asdat [134] Indonesia K004518085 Yes
Andoh, J. [5525] Ghana K004860649 Yes
Put [2043] Thailand K004517486 Yes
Evrard, F. [1058] Vietnam K004517489 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [3731] Thailand K004517478 Yes
Smith, A.C. [4851] Fiji K004860062 Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Thomson, T. [7] India K000246550 Type Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [13576] Philippines K001056688 Type Yes
Put [2610] Thailand K004517479 Yes
Ramo, L. [BSIP7889] Solomon Islands K004519503 Yes
Lee, Y.F. [SAN102105] Malaysia K004518108 No
Adam, J.G. [20068] Liberia K004860643 Yes
Buwalda, P. [[5973]] Indonesia K004518073 Yes
Lakshnakara, M.C. [424] Thailand K004517476 Yes
Koorders, S.H. [Kds27738β] Indonesia K004518086 Yes
Miss B. Blackwood [s.n.] Solomon Islands K004519501 Yes
Dius Tadong [210] Malaysia K004518091 Yes
Tagawa, M.; Iwatsuki, K.; Fukuoka, N. [T2239] Thailand K004517469 Yes
Hepper, F.N.; Maley, J. [8229] Cote d'Ivoire K004860645 Yes
Yii; Othman [S46184] Malaysia K004518104 Yes
P [104] Thailand K004517461 Yes
[A. Marca] [1748] Thailand K004517466 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004860637 Yes
Johansson, J.T.; Nybom, H.; Riebe, S. [294] Indonesia K004518077 Yes
Smith, A.C. [7471] Fiji K004860061 Yes
Lovi, N.K. [WACRI4116] Ghana K004860651 Yes
Daramola, B.O. [FHI72479] Nigeria K004860655 Yes
MacKee, H.S. [26203] New Caledonia K004519906 Yes
Larsen, K. [8815] Thailand K004517463 Yes
Floto, F. [7316] Thailand K004517481 Yes
Eyma [3436] Indonesia K004518070 Yes
Kessler; Goverse, E.; Adriansyah; Johanes; Paino [PK2364] Indonesia K004518079 Yes
Lutjeharms, W.J. [3825] Indonesia K004518083 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [2215] Sierra Leone K004860638 Yes
Put [4047] Thailand K004517471 Yes
Deplanche [67] K004519902 Yes
Daramola, B.O. [FHI72479] Nigeria K004860657 Yes
Put [4200] Thailand K004517464 Yes
Tagawa, M.; Iwatsuki, K.; Fukuoka, N. [T820] Thailand K004517484 Yes
Kostermans; Wirawan [84] K004518074 Yes
Andoh, J.E. [FH5525] Ghana K004860650 Yes
Greenwood, W. [705] Fiji K004860064 Yes
Jordan, H.D. [238] Sierra Leone K004860633 Yes
Schmid, M. [1017] New Caledonia K004519907 Yes
Kunstler, H. [28] Indonesia K004518082 Yes
s.coll. [108] Guam K004860196 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [4291] Thailand K004517480 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [3346] Thailand K004517470 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [2134] Cameroon K000180721 No
Clemens, J.; Clemens, M.S. [21336] Malaysia K004518103 Yes
MacKee, H.S. [37862] New Caledonia K004519903 Yes
Hj. Othman; Munting [S54953] Malaysia K004518099 Yes
Tagawa, M.; Iwatsuki, K.; Koyama, H.; Fukuoka, N.; Nalampoon, A.; Chintayungkun, A. [T9162] Thailand K004517467 Yes
Esser, H.J. [98-115] Thailand K004517473 Yes
Onochie, C.F.A. [FHI34311] Nigeria K004860656 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K004518087 Yes
Meyen, F.J.F. [s.n.] China K001056669 Unknown Type Material Yes
Chew Wee-Lek [CWL1023] Malaysia K004518102 Yes
MacKee, H.S. [22826] New Caledonia K004519904 Yes
Enti, A.A. [SP70] Ghana K004860654 Yes
Hall, J.B. [3427] Ghana K004860652 Yes
Albers, P. [69] Cote d'Ivoire K004860644 Yes
Iwatsuki, K.; Fukuoka, N. [T5498] Thailand K004517460 Yes
G. den Hoed; Kostermans, A. [643] Thailand K004517458 Yes
Coode, M.J.E.; Ferguson, I.K. [7407] Brunei K004518110 Yes
Achmad [850] Indonesia K004518084 Yes
Gafui, I.; et al. [BSIP14776] Solomon Islands K004519500 Yes
s.coll. [15] Ghana K004860653 Yes
Lorence Lugas [1332] Malaysia K004518096 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [6078] Sierra Leone K004860640 Yes
Kostermans, A. [21270] K004518076 Yes
Rabil [328] Thailand K004517465 Yes
Schmid [3682] New Caledonia K004519905 No
Gafui, I.H.; et al. [BSIP15062] Solomon Islands K004519506 Yes
Amin; Maikin [SAN59533] Malaysia K004518107 Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Thomson, T. [7] India K000246549 Type Yes
Powell, D. [XI1332] Christmas Island K004518080 Yes
Du Puy, D.J.; Du Puy, B.P. [CI.33] Christmas Island K004518081 Yes
Giking, M. [256] Malaysia K004518092 Yes
Schodde, R.; Craven, L. [4085] Solomon Islands K004519502 Yes
Melville, F.A.; Hooker, T. [229] Sierra Leone K004860635 Yes
Whiting, A.G.S. [19] Ghana K004860648 Yes
Geesink, R.; Hattink, T.; Phengklai, C. [7064] Thailand K004517483 Yes
Dius Tadong [96] Malaysia K004518090 Yes
Riedel [s.n.] K004518072 Yes
Gledhill, D. [SL237] Sierra Leone K004860634 Yes
Poilane [P815] Vietnam K004517488 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0