Poaceae
Anthoxanthum

Anthoxanthum dregeanum (Nees ex Trin.) Stapf

First published in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 466 (1899)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Western Cape. It is a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the subtropical biome.

Descriptions

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

Mashau A. C. 2016. A synopsis of Anthoxanthum (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) in southern Africa and description of a new subspecies. Kew Bulletin 71:18. DOI 10.1007/S12225-016-9629-6

Type
Type: South Africa, Western Cape, ""Cape Good Hope""."
Morphology General Habit
Tufted, rhizomatous perennial 200 – 600 mm high
Morphology Leaves
Leaf blade to 250 × 9 mm, linear, usually rigid, often folded, gradually tapering to a pungent point
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence spike-like, up to 80 mm long, occasionally interrupted near the base
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelet 6 to 7 mm long; glumes shortly acuminate, glabrous or minutely hairy on the backs, keels smooth or scaberulous; lower glume 4 – 5 mm long, 3-nerved; upper glume 6 to 7 mm long, 3-nerved, longer than and enfolding the spikelet; lower lemma 4 – 6 mm long, dark brown, hairy; upper floret lemma 2.0 – 3.0 mm long, glabrous, awnless; anther 2.6 – 3.9 mm long.
Distribution
endemic. south africa: western cape. frequency in southern africa. infrequent to locally common.
Conservation
Least Concern (LC) (Fish & Victor 2005).
Phenology
Flowering Oct. to Jan.
Ecology
On moist mountain slopes.
[KBu]

Morphology General Habit
Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes elongated. Culms erect; 20-60 cm long. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades flat, or conduplicate; 12-25 cm long; 4-9 mm wide; stiff; aromatic. Leaf-blade apex pungent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle spiciform; linear; continuous, or interrupted; 4-8 cm long. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels oblong.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 2 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 6-7 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 2 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 6-7 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes persistent; dissimilar; exceeding apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma; shiny. Lower glume ovate; 4.5 mm long; 0.75 length of upper glume; membranous; 1-keeled; 3 -veined. Lower glume apex acuminate. Upper glume oblong; 6-7 mm long; 2 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous; 1-keeled; 3 -veined. Upper glume apex acute.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Basal sterile florets dissimilar; male, or barren; with palea, or without significant palea; attached to and deciduous with the fertile. Lemma of lower sterile floret oblong; 6 mm long; 2 length of fertile lemma; chartaceous; without keels; 5 -veined; pubescent; lobed; 2 -fid; obtuse; awned. Awn of lower sterile floret dorsal; 3 mm long. Lemma of upper sterile floret oblong; 1 length of lower sterile floret; chartaceous; pubescent; lobed; 2 -fid; obtuse; awned. Awn of upper sterile floret dorsal; geniculate; 9-10 mm long. Fertile lemma orbicular; 3 mm long; cartilaginous; dark brown; shiny; without keel; 5 -veined. Lemma lateral veins obscure. Lemma margins convolute; covering most of palea. Lemma apex obtuse. Palea oblong; 1 length of lemma; 1 -veined; without keels.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules absent. Anthers 2; 4.5 mm long. Stigmas 2; protogynous; pubescent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp. Hilum punctiform.
Distribution
Africa: south.
Reference
Aveneae. Gr S Afr 1993.
[GB]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Bulletin

    • Kew Bulletin
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0