Family:
Poaceae Barnhart
Genus:
Bromus L.

Bromus arvensis L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is E. & S. Europe to Iran.

[GB]
Morphology General Habit
Annual; culms solitary, or caespitose. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; 25-90 cm long; 2-8 -noded. Leaf-sheaths pubescent. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 1-4 mm long; erose. Leaf-blades 5-20 cm long; 2-6(-10) mm wide. Leaf-blade surface scaberulous; pilose.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle contracted; elliptic, or ovate; equilateral, or nodding; 8-25 cm long; 6-20 cm wide. Primary panicle branches spreading; bearing 1-8 fertile spikelets on each lower branch. Panicle branches flexuous; scaberulous. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels 10-30 mm long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 4-10 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 20-24 mm long; 3-6 mm wide; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 4-10 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 20-24 mm long; 3-6 mm wide; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes persistent; dissimilar; shorter than spikelet; parallel to lemmas. Lower glume lanceolate; 4-6 mm long; 0.6-0.9 length of upper glume; chartaceous; much thinner above; 1-keeled; 3(-5) -veined. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume elliptic; 6-8 mm long; 0.8-0.9 length of adjacent fertile lemma; chartaceous; with membranous margins; 1-keeled; 5-7(-9) -veined. Upper glume apex acute.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Fertile lemma elliptic; 7-9 mm long; chartaceous; much thinner above; much thinner on margins; without keel; 7 -veined. Lemma surface scaberulous. Lemma apex dentate; 2 -fid; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn subapical; 6-10 mm long overall; limb scabrous. Palea 1 length of lemma. Palea keels ciliolate. Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules 2; membranous. Anthers 3; 3-4.5 mm long. Ovary with a fleshy appendage above style insertion; pubescent on apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; linear; hairy at apex; apex fleshy. Hilum linear; 1 length of caryopsis.
Distribution
Europe: northern, central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Asia-temperate: Siberia, Soviet far east, Soviet Middle Asia, Caucasus, western Asia, Arabia, and China. North America: western Canada, eastern Canada, north-central USA, northeast USA, southwest USA, and southeast USA. South America: southern South America.
Reference
Bromeae. Acedo 1996.

Doubtfully present in:

Saudi Arabia

Native to:

Albania, Baleares, Bulgaria, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Romania, Spain, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Alabama, Alberta, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, California, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China Southeast, Colorado, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Poland, Poland, Primorye, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Switzerland, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Bromus arvensis L. appears in other Kew resources:

First published in Sp. Pl.: 77 (1753)

Accepted by

  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal’nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Meyer, F.K. (2011). Beiträge zur Flora von Albanien Haussknechtia, Beih. 15: 1-220.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Literature

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal’nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Mouterde, P. (1966). Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie 1(Texte): 1-563. Éditions de l'imprimerie Catholique, Beyrouth.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/