Bromus rubens L.

First published in Cent. Pl. I: 5 (1755)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, Medit. to Sahara, Caucasus to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Doubtfully present in:

Saudi Arabia, Xinjiang

Native to:

Afghanistan, Algeria, Baleares, Canary Is., Chad, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Western Sahara

Introduced into:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Azores, Baltic States, California, Colorado, Czechia-Slovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Hawaii, Idaho, Japan, Madeira, Massachusetts, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Northwest, Montana, Namibia, Nevada, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Oregon, Queensland, South Australia, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, Western Australia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. I. Pteridophyta à Rosaceae. Candollea 47: 113-179.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
  • Saarela, J.M., Peterson, P.M. & Váldes-Reyna, J. (2014). A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America. Phytotaxa 185(1): 1-147.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Berry, M. (2022). Adventures and aliens news 27. BSBI News 151: 34-44.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. I. Pteridophyta à Rosaceae. Candollea 47: 113-179.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Fedtschenko, B.A. & al. (1932). Flora Turkmenii 1: 1-340. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Moran, R. (1996). The flora of Guadalupe island, Mexico. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 19: 1-190.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Quézel, P. (1958). Mission Botanique au Tibesti: 1-357. Université d'Alger.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2012-2022). The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Hoover, R. [6050] United States K003488586 Yes
Gillett; Rawi [6386] Iraq K003444423 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Fahmy, A.G.; El-Garf, I.A. [219] Egypt K003444464 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638677 Yes
Hepper, F.N.; Viney, D.E. [9635] Cyprus K003444398 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638700 Yes
School of Agric; Univ. of Cambridge [181] Libya K003567872 Yes
Van Eseltine, G.P. [s.n.] United States K003488603 Yes
Bramwell, D.; Richardson, I.; Murray, B.G. [412] Morocco K003567896 Yes
Whiting, M.M.; Richmond, K. [209] Morocco K003567898 Yes
Maillard, A. [s.n.] France K003638714 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638712 Yes
Casey, E.C. [350] Cyprus K003444407 Yes
Delacour, Th. [s.n.] France K003638704 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [8730] Israel K003444413 Yes
Higgins, L.C. [27622] United States K003488613 Yes
Chapman, E. [14] Cyprus K003444406 Yes
Upson, T.M.; Ait Lafkih, M.; Hassan, M.; Walters, G.S. [14129] Morocco K003567893 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [95] United Kingdom K003638694 Yes
Keith, H.G. [s.n.] Libya K003567878 Yes
[Diomieve] [s.n.] France K003638720 Yes
Keith, H.G. [s.n.] Libya K003567877 Yes
Al-Rawi, A. [14638] Iraq K003444432 Yes
Sandwith, C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638679 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [5243] Spain K003638734 Yes
[Durabyer] [s.n.] France K003638719 Yes
Barkley, F.A. [3126] United States K003488610 Yes
Kralik, L. [s.n.] France K003638716 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638709 Yes
Khamiss, A. [3] Egypt K003444457 Yes
Orshan, G. [s.n.] Israel K003444412 Yes
Butler, G.D. [1270] United States K003488590 Yes
Whiting, M.M.; Richmond, K. [135A] Morocco K003567895 Yes
Chapman, E. [71] Cyprus K003444399 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [5096] United Kingdom K003638669 Yes
Ferguson, K.; Parra, R.; Sanchez, M.C.; Valdés, B. [6367/95] Morocco K003567894 Yes
Soderstrom, T.R. [1476] Tunisia K003567909 Yes
Kramer, R.J. [135] United States K003488612 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [5523] United Kingdom K003638689 Yes
Muschler, R. [s.n.] Egypt K003444443 Yes
Bago, B. [s.n.] Spain K003638728 Yes
Dony, J.G. [1889] United Kingdom K003638686 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [2151] Libya K003567884 Yes
Ball, J. [36] Egypt K003444446 Yes
Hooker [s.n.] Morocco K004030693 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [19809] United States K003488604 Yes
Pitard, C.-J. [3817] Morocco K003567903 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [214] Morocco K003567900 Yes
Rawi, A. [12702] Iraq K003444435 Yes
Sintenis; Rigo [886] Cyprus K003444400 Yes
s.coll. [332] Morocco K003567897 Yes
Merton, L.F.H. [364] Cyprus K003444409 Yes
Nelson, A.; Nelson, R. [1617] United States K003488609 Yes
Ward, M. [203] K003624338 Yes
Rob, C.M.; Duncar, V.K. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638693 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [5053a] United Kingdom K003638670 Yes
Hoover, R. [6049] United States K003488596 Yes
Pin, C. [s.n.] France K003638701 Yes
Rawi, A. [14813] Iraq K003444431 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Libya K003567875 Yes
Bannister, C.W. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638682 Yes
Brown, E.S. [G61] Libya K003567870 Yes
Sintenis, P. [535] Türkiye K001665928 Yes
s.coll. [282] Algeria K003567869 Yes
Whiting, M.M.; Richmond, K. [4] Morocco K003567899 Yes
Autheman, A. [2671] France K003638705 Yes
Davis [49454] Libya K003567873 Yes
Delacour, Th. [s.n.] France K003638710 Yes
Khamiss, A. [2] Egypt K003444458 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Fahmy, A.G.; El-Garf, I.A. [230] Egypt K003444465 Yes
Dony, J.G.; Goodman, C.M. [2254] United Kingdom K003638681 Yes
Tackholm, V.; Elsayed, I.; El Mahdi, M.E. [s.n.] Egypt K003444454 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [150] Morocco K003567904 Yes
Rawi, A. [12632] Iraq K003444434 Yes
Davis [50089] Libya K003567890 Yes
Sherwood [392] United States K003488608 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K003488592 Yes
Grant, A. [s.n.] Morocco K003567867 Yes
Hooker [s.n.] Morocco K003567906 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638717 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1390] United Kingdom K003638674 Yes
Jury, S.L.; Springate, L.S. [11378] Morocco K003567891 Yes
McAndrew, J. [69] United Kingdom K003638692 Yes
Cherinener, O. [4196] France K003638721 Yes
Lindberg, H. [2339] Morocco K003567905 Yes
Clement, E.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638668 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638711 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [2842] United Kingdom K003638675 Yes
Park, B.C. [370] Libya K003567881 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [2298] United Kingdom K003638695 Yes
Davis [49467] Libya K003567889 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638713 Yes
Muschler, R. [s.n.] Egypt K003444445 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Algeria K003567866 Yes
Hoover, R. [1797] United States K003488597 Yes
Letourneux, A. [218] Egypt K003444452 Yes
Hansen, G. [1665] United States K003488594 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [424] France K003638708 Yes
Rawi [31198] Iraq K003444427 Yes
Spruner [s.n.] Greece K003638740 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638673 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15668] Jordan K003444419 Yes
Shabetai, J.R. [26] Egypt K003444462 Yes
Trask, B. [s.n.] United States K003488588 Yes
Davis, P.H. [s.n.] Egypt K003444448 Yes
Haussknecht, C. [s.n.] K003444395 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [2711] United Kingdom K003638688 Yes
Smith, R.L. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638684 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [33] Cyprus K003444402 Yes
Hoover, R. [298] United States K003488598 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [235] Morocco K003567901 Yes
Brown, E.S. [XIV] Libya K003567876 Yes
Kotschy, T. [178] Egypt K003444450 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [4523] Egypt K003444444 Yes
Atchley, S.C. [s.n.] Greece K003638737 Yes
Pampanini, R.; Pichi-Sermolli, R. [538] Libya K003567880 Yes
Woronow, G. [s.n.] Azerbaijan K003444396 Yes
Chakravarty; Rawi; Khatib; Alizzi [33022] Iraq K003444426 Yes
Winkler, M. [s.n.] K003638732 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [5523] United Kingdom K003638690 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [827/8] United Kingdom K003638672 Yes
Jolles, P.L. [147] West Bank K003444410 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [23363] United Kingdom K003444461 Yes
Duran, V. [3420] United States K003488601 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [2663] United Kingdom K003638691 Yes
Carl Blom. [s.n.] Sweden K003638696 Yes
Hall, H.M. [1103] United States K003488589 Yes
Davis, P.H. [6396B] Egypt K003444449 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638683 Yes
Chakravarty; Rawi; Khatib; Alizzi [32870] Iraq K003444430 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [107] Morocco K003567902 Yes
Guest, E.; Rawi, A. [13954] Iraq K003444437 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [1596] United Kingdom K003638671 Yes
Wendelbo, P. [431] Iran K003444438 Yes
Park, B.C. [305] Libya K003567871 Yes
[M. A. Musllar] [s.n.] West Bank K003444416 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638680 Yes
Kloos Jr., A.W. [s.n.] K003638697 Yes
Hadidi; et al. [s.n.] Egypt K003444455 Yes
Ellman, E.; Hubbard, C. [1167] Spain K003638729 Yes
Casey, E.C. [1241] Cyprus K003444408 Yes
Scaetta, H. [s.n.] Libya K003567882 Yes
Rein; Baron von Fritsch [[401]] Morocco K003567908 Yes
Nelson, A.; Nelson, R. [1756] United States K003488611 Yes
Keith [s.n.] Libya K003567874 Yes
Wilcox, C. [110] Iraq K003444428 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Greece K003638738 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [7355] United Kingdom K003638678 Yes
Davis [50285] Libya K003567888 Yes
Ward, M. [101] K003624339 Yes
Zohary, M. [s.n.] Israel K003444414 Yes
Butler, G.D. [1270] United States K003488591 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003638702 Yes
Ward, M. [203] K003624340 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Fahmy, A.G.; El-Garf, I.A. [202] Egypt K003444456 Yes
Delacour, Th. [s.n.] France K003638706 Yes
Archibald, J.C. [1104] Iraq K003444433 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [208] Egypt K003444447 Yes
Jury, S.L.; Taleb, A.; Upson, T.M.; Walters, G.S. [13544] Morocco K003567892 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003638676 Yes
Al-Eisawi, D. [5233] Jordan K003444420 Yes
Spencer, M. [828] United States K003488602 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [570] Egypt K003444459 Yes
Letourneux, A. [165] Egypt K003444451 Yes
Sintenis; Rigo [366] Cyprus K003444401 Yes
Hosaka, E.Y. [1845] United States K003487292 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Fahmy, A.G.; El-Garf, I.A. [248] Egypt K003444466 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003567907 Yes
Dinsmore, J.E. [1588] West Bank K003444418 Yes
Gabrielith, R. (Miss) [89] Afghanistan K003444415 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K003638725 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [337] United Kingdom K003638667 Yes
Hoover, R. [2344] United States K003488595 Yes
Rawi, A. [14748] Iraq K003444425 Yes
Lacaita, C.C. [s.n.] Greece K003638739 Yes
Merton, F. [321] Cyprus K003444405 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Fahmy, A.G.; El-Garf, I.A. [254] Egypt K003444463 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [8518] Israel K003444411 Yes
Davis [49929] Libya K003567886 Yes
Sintenis; Rigo [891] Cyprus K004030650 Yes
Roivainen, H. [s.n.] Spain K003638727 Yes
Hitchcock, C.L.; Muhlich, C.V. [s.n.] United States K003488585 Yes
Verdcourt; Wilmot-Dear [5375] France K003638703 Yes
Davis [49747] Libya K003567885 Yes
Ward, M. [101] France K003638723 Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [3762] United States K003488587 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [424] France K003638698 Yes
Caldesi, L. [s.n.] Italy K003638726 Yes
Hansen, G. [2078] United States K003488593 Yes
Burkill, J.H. [272] United States K003488600 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [5283] United Kingdom K003638685 Yes
Chakravarty; Rawi; Khatib; Alizzi [32969] Iraq K003444422 Yes
Ellman, E.; Hubbard, C. [13] Spain K003638733 Yes
Hassib, M. [s.n.] Egypt K003444442 Yes
Davis [50177] Libya K003567887 Yes
Leiberg, J.B. [163] United States K003488607 Yes
s.coll. [241] Libya K003567883 Yes
Taubert, P. [385] Libya K003444453 Yes
Donald, H.P. [s.n.] United States K003488584 Yes
Pavillon, S.; Grabmayr, V. [s.n.] France K003638722 Yes
Huddle, A. [108] Cyprus K003444403 Yes
[Ursula Duncan] [36/85.] United Kingdom K003638687 Yes
Bornmüller, J. [904] Libya K003567879 Yes
Beetle, A.A. [2930] United States K003488606 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [G1000] West Bank K003444417 Yes
Heller, A.A. [11829] United States K003488599 Yes
Holmberg, O.R. [s.n.] Azerbaijan K003444397 Yes
Haines, R.W. [W1611] Iraq K003444429 Yes
Muschler, R. [s.n.] Egypt K003444460 Yes
Pin, C. [s.n.] France K003638707 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [443] France K003638699 Yes
Gillett; Rawi [10305] Iraq K003444436 Yes
Gillett; Rawi [6920] Iraq K003444424 Yes
Merton, L.F.H. [96] Cyprus K003444404 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images