Bromus scoparius L.

First published in Cent. Pl. I: 6 (1755)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Medit. to Xinjiang and NW. India. It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Greece, Gulf States, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

California, Chile Central, China Southeast, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Michigan, New York, Norfolk Is., Virginia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Meyer, F.K. (2011). Beiträge zur Flora von Albanien. Haussknechtia, Beih. 15: 1-220.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Fedtschenko, B.A. & al. (1932). Flora Turkmenii 1: 1-340. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Roshevitz, R.J. & al. (eds.) (1950). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 2: 1-315. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Oct 21, 1946 s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K000913636 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dinsmore, J.E. [14923] Jordan K003444637 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K003444700 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D28810] Türkiye K003444528 Yes
Nesbitt, R.M.A. [4300] Israel K003444610 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [3162] Egypt K003444694 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [2029] Cyprus K003444563 Yes
Sintenis; Rigo [367] Cyprus K003444562 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [3347] Israel K003444614 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [65/197] Jordan K003444632 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Poland K000913634 Unknown Type Material Yes
Atherton, G.E. [1184] Cyprus K003444565 Yes
Nesbitt, R.M.A.; Samuel, D.J. [RMN4459] Türkiye K003444540 Yes
Podlech, D. [10400] Afghanistan K003444709 Yes
Agnew, A.D.Q. [W1665] Iraq K003444646 Yes
Mohd, J. [8105] Pakistan K003486777 Yes
Davis; Dodds [18767] Türkiye K003444522 Yes
Blanche [s.n.] Syria K003444596 Yes
Boulos, L.; Jallad, W.; Lahham, J. [s.n.] Jordan K003444641 Yes
Chapman, E. [247] Cyprus K003444579 Yes
Muller [s.n.] Italy K000913635 Unknown Type Material Yes
Eig, A. [s.n.] Israel K003444619 Yes
Fayvush; et al. [s.n.] Armenia K003444552 Yes
Podlech, D. [21620] Afghanistan K003444705 Yes
Mohammad [431] Syria K003444589 Yes
Rawi, A. [s.n.] Iraq K003444668 Yes
Sakamoto, S. [s.n.] Japan K003624343 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Al-Eisawi, D. [243] Jordan K003444621 Yes
El-Oqlah, A.E.; et al. [5248] Jordan K003444624 Yes
Al-Ani, H. [39850] Iraq K003444656 Yes
[BW] [s.n.] West Bank K003444599 Yes
Merton, L.F.H. [2700] Cyprus K003444573 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [65/112] Jordan K003444629 Yes
Stapf [766] Iran K003444684 Yes
Jacobs, M. [6718BIS] Iran K003444686 Yes
s.coll. [125] K003486180 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [B6923] West Bank K003444606 Yes
s.coll. [691] Lebanon K000913788 Unknown Type Material Yes
Khudair, M. [8996] Jordan K003444623 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D26933] Türkiye K003444524 Yes
s.coll. [692] Jordan K000913787 Unknown Type Material Yes
Davis, P.H. [9459] Jordan K003444636 Yes
Lefebvre, J. [s.n.] Algeria K003567911 Yes
Scharf [9089E] Azerbaijan K003444683 Yes
Balls, E.K. [B2335] Türkiye K003444539 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [3197] Israel K003444615 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [63/108] Türkiye K003444533 Yes
s.coll. [140] K003486179 Yes
Sakamoto, S. [s.n.] Japan K003624346 Yes
Kotte, W. [s.n.] Türkiye K003444519 Yes
Carter, K. [873] Afghanistan K003444707 Yes
Sintenis; Rigo [376b] Cyprus K003444576 Yes
Rawi; Nuri; [Kasi] [28574] Iraq K003444663 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [941] Cyprus K003444556 Yes
[N. Macdaned] [45] Cyprus K003444581 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [941] Cyprus K003444578 Yes
Norris, J.J. [46] Pakistan K003486776 Yes
R.G. [G/2] Israel K003444618 Yes
Dinsmore, J.E. [20426] Syria K003444586 Yes
Gaillardot [1086] Syria K003444588 Yes
Fishelson [s.n.] West Bank K003444604 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [10046C] Jordan K003444634 Yes
Davis [50561] Libya K003567912 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [941] Cyprus K003444553 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W735] Iraq K003444659 Yes
Guest, E.R. [1983] Iraq K003444660 Yes
Gaillardot, C. [1086] Syria K003444587 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [13334] Lebanon K003444591 Yes
Karim, F. [37491] Iraq K003444672 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D27349] Türkiye K003444518 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [2478] Egypt K003444701 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [65/48] Jordan K003444630 Yes
Tengwall, T.A. [170] Türkiye K003444537 Yes
Keith, H.G. [s.n.] Libya K003567910 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamide, H.; Jasim, M. [41036] Iraq K003444657 Yes
s.coll. [695] Jordan K000913789 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Chakravarty; Rawi; Alizzi; Khatib} [31474] Iraq K003444649 Yes
Rawi, A. [22893] Iraq K003444651 Yes
Kierans, M. [s.n.] Cyprus K003444577 Yes
Litvinov, D. [s.n.] Uzbekistan K003486181 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [65/369] Jordan K003444628 Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rawi, A.; Rechinger, K.H. [16706] Iraq K003444674 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Armenia K000913684 Unknown Type Material Yes
[Besnit] [[157]] Syria K003444594 Yes
Guest, E.R. [1121] Iraq K003444679 Yes
Eig, A.; Zohary, M. [s.n.] Israel K003444609 Yes
[Bessut] [160] Syria K003444560 Yes
Stapf [897] Iran K003444685 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [41021] Iraq K003444643 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [25891] Türkiye K003444525 Yes
Albury; Cheese; Watson [1129] Türkiye K003444527 Yes
Chapman, E. [289] Cyprus K003444566 Yes
Lowne, B.T. [s.n.] Syria K003444601 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [67/46] Türkiye K003444546 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Türkiye K003444541 Yes
Szorits [201] Iran K003444689 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Iraq K003444670 Yes
Khamiss, A. [1] Egypt K003444698 Yes
Davis [43190] Türkiye K003444549 Yes
Sintenis; Rigo [376b] Cyprus K003444575 Yes
Dinsmore, J.E. [20000] Jordan K003444638 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Türkiye K003444535 Yes
Barkley, F.A.; Hikmat Abbas-al-Ani [7187] Iran K003444647 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Israel K003444597 Yes
Gillett; Rawi [7450] Iraq K003444661 Yes
Merton, F. [264] Cyprus K003444585 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Iran K003444688 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [B4923] Jordan K003444635 Yes
Balls, E.K. [B200] Türkiye K003444543 Yes
Podlech, D. [10497] Afghanistan K003444708 Yes
Kierans, M. [s.n.] Israel K003444613 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [69/187] Uzbekistan K003486183 Yes
s.coll. [s.d.] Türkiye K003444548 Yes
Tengwall, T.A. [170A] Türkiye K003444538 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [M(927)1000] Jordan K003444620 Yes
Podlech, D. [10310] Afghanistan K003444706 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Fahmy, A.G.; El-Garf, I.A. [255] Egypt K003444699 Yes
Holub, J. [s.n.] Cyprus K003444568 Yes
Davis [42393] Türkiye K003444516 Yes
Rawi, A. [12690] Iraq K003444662 Yes
Täckholm, G.V. [s.n.] Egypt K003444692 Yes
Hughes, W.F. [s.n.] Egypt K000913785 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gillett; Rawi [7247] Iraq K003444665 Yes
Merton, F. [204] Cyprus K003444584 Yes
Merton, F. [254] Cyprus K003444571 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Iraq K003444644 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [3629] Egypt K003444704 Yes
Fayvush; et al. [s.n.] Armenia K003444551 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Al-Eisawi, D. [213] Jordan K003444622 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [B8923] West Bank K003444598 Yes
Chakravarty; Rawi; Khatib; Alizzi [32030] Iraq K003444666 Yes
Samuelsson, G. [1373] Lebanon K003444595 Yes
Sakamoto, S. [s.n.] Japan K003624344 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K003486778 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [77] Cyprus K003444559 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [2158] Cyprus K003444564 Yes
s.coll. [698] Jordan K000913786 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sakamoto, S. [s.n.] Japan K003624345 Yes
Stuart, J.B. [83] Cyprus K003444572 Yes
Hayne, W.A. [s.n.] K000913783 Unknown Type Material Yes
Palmer, C.E. [8] Egypt K003444697 Yes
Ball, J. [812] Israel K003444617 Yes
Polunin, O. [5163] Iraq K003444675 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [53277] Jordan K003444640 Yes
{J. P. Mandaville, Jr.} [615] Saudi Arabia K003444691 Yes
Chapman, E. [153] Cyprus K003444558 Yes
Davis [21421] Türkiye K003444520 Yes
{Mr. Chapman; Mrs. Chapman} [12280] Iraq K003444652 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [139] Iraq K003444676 Yes
Furse, P. [6187] Afghanistan K003444711 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] India K003486774 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [378] Cyprus K003444582 Yes
Al-ani, H. [39814] Iraq K003444654 Yes
Helbaek, H. [741] Iraq K003444664 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [G927] West Bank K003444603 Yes
Shabetai, J.R. [24] Egypt K003444695 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [22205] Türkiye K003444531 Yes
Rahman, A. [25790] Pakistan K003486775 Yes
Omar, S.; Hamid, H. [36466] Iraq K003444671 Yes
Durham, F.R. [80] Türkiye K003444545 Yes
Hartmann, E.; Kneucker, A. [s.n.] Cyprus K003444574 Yes
Casey, E.C. [1769] Türkiye K003444521 Yes
Lazar, Y. [1176A] Iraq K003444678 Yes
Lowne, B.T. [s.n.] Syria K003444593 Yes
Vvedensky [s.n.] Uzbekistan K003486184 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H.; Jasim, M. [40812] Iraq K003444655 Yes
Jakimova [s.n.] Uzbekistan K003486178 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [53809] Jordan K003444625 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [63/51] Türkiye K003444534 Yes
Sakamoto, S. [s.n.] Japan K003624342 Yes
Baytop, T. [ISTE6378] Türkiye K003444547 Yes
Chapman, E. [527] Cyprus K003444555 Yes
Hohenacker, R.F. [s.n.] Iran K003444687 Yes
Balls, E.K. [B200] Türkiye K003444542 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [65/249] Jordan K003444631 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D27323] Türkiye K003444517 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D26505] Türkiye K003444532 Yes
Ball, J. [1101] Israel K003444616 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [C2923] Israel K003444600 Yes
Haussknecht, C. [s.n.] Syria K003444590 Yes
Feinbrun, N.; Zohary, M. [s.n.] Israel K003444607 Yes
[HW] [18] Iraq K003444653 Yes
Hartley, W. [s.n.] Australia K003444608 Yes
Khatib; Alizzi; Chakravarty; Rawi [31908] Iraq K003444648 Yes
Holub, J. [s.n.] Cyprus K003444570 Yes
Meinertzhagen [s.n.] Egypt K003444693 Yes
Bornmüller, J. [10167] Türkiye K003444536 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D28844] Türkiye K003444529 Yes
Fischer [s.n.] K000913685 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kierans, M. [s.n.] Israel K003444612 Yes
Hedge, I.; Wendelbo, P. [W3643b] Afghanistan K003444716 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [65/130] Jordan K003444633 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D26447] Türkiye K003444530 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Afghanistan K003444713 Yes
Podlech, D. [10731] Afghanistan K003444710 Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rawi, A.; Rechinger, K.H. [17425] Iraq K003444677 Yes
Della, A. [s.n.] Cyprus K003444554 Yes
Rawi, A.; Haddad, S. [25653] Iraq K003444650 Yes
Laukkonen, P. [206] Cyprus K003444567 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W1634] Iraq K003444680 Yes
s.coll. [17988A] Iraq K003444667 Yes
Pabot [10082E] Azerbaijan K003444681 Yes
Balansa, B. [749] Türkiye K000913784 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15594] Jordan K003444627 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [2158] Cyprus K003444583 Yes
Furse, P. [6031] Afghanistan K003444712 Yes
s.coll. [6688] Afghanistan K003444714 Yes
Kierans, M. [s.n.] Israel K003444611 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [4578] Egypt K003444696 Yes
Fishelson [s.n.] West Bank K003444605 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003486182 Yes
Brown, E.S. [2483] Türkiye K003444526 Yes
Davis [43031] Türkiye K003444515 Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rawi, A.; Rechinger, K.H. [16706] Iraq K003444673 Yes
Kotschy, T.; Hohenacker, R.F. [s.n.] Iran K003444690 Yes
Hennipman, E.; Nijhoff, P.; Swennen, C.; Tulp, A.S.; Vader, W.J.M.; De Wilde, W.J.J. [126] Türkiye K003444523 Yes
Lowne, B.T. [147] Syria K000913782 Unknown Type Material Yes
Casey, E.C. [1116] Cyprus K003444580 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [53072] Jordan K003444626 Yes
Bornmuller, J. [1849] Iraq K003444669 Yes
Bowles Scholarship Bot. Exp. [1745] Iran K003444682 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [2546] Egypt K003444703 Yes
Omar, S.; Hamid, H. [36640] Iraq K003444658 Yes
Péronin, A. [120] Türkiye K003444602 Yes
Holub, J. [s.n.] Cyprus K003444569 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W1633] Iraq K003444645 Yes
Karim, F.; Al-Qaran, S. [2365] Jordan K003444639 Yes
Davis [2426] Cyprus K003444557 Yes
Sintenis, P. [1460] Türkiye K003444544 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [2251] Egypt K003444702 Yes

Sources

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images