Bromus secalinus L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 76 (1753), nom. cons.
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is E. Central & S. Europe to NW. Iran, Siberia to N. China. It is an annual or biennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Belarus, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, China North-Central, Corse, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Lebanon-Syria, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Algeria, Amsterdam-St.Paul Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Azores, Baltic States, Belgium, British Columbia, California, Canary Is., Central European Russia, Chile Central, Chile South, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ireland, Japan, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kentucky, Korea, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Gulf, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Palestine, Pennsylvania, Poland, Primorye, Québec, Rhode I., Sakhalin, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Ibrahim, K.M. & Peterson, P.M. (2014). Grasses of Washington, D.C.. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 99: 1-128.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Naderi, R. & Rahiminejad, M.R. (2015). A taxonomic revision of the genus Bromus (Poaceae) and a new key to the tribe Bromeae in Iran. Annales Botanici Fennici 52: 233-248.
  • Saarela, J.M., Peterson, P.M. & Váldes-Reyna, J. (2014). A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America. Phytotaxa 185(1): 1-147.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Greuter, W. & von Raab-Straube, E. (eds.) (2012). Euro+Med Notulae, 6. Willdenowia 42: 283-285.
  • Ibrahim, K.M. & Peterson, P.M. (2014). Grasses of Washington, D.C.. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 99: 1-128.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Naderi, R. & Rahiminejad, M.R. (2015). A taxonomic revision of the genus Bromus (Poaceae) and a new key to the tribe Bromeae in Iran. Annales Botanici Fennici 52: 233-248.
  • Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1956). Flora Kazakhstana 1: 1-354. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
  • Saarela, J.M., Peterson, P.M. & Váldes-Reyna, J. (2014). A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America. Phytotaxa 185(1): 1-147.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 21, 2023 Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Mian, S. [MC9489] United Kingdom K001527105 Yes
Duval-Jouve; [Diomede] [[D4]] France K003440045 Yes
Nelmes, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639878 Yes
Reichling, L. [s.n.] Belgium K003440035 Yes
Ostrand, E. [s.n.] Sweden K003640000 Yes
Deane, W. [s.n.] United States K003488644 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003624373 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003440015 Yes
[W. Shenusmann] [s.n.] K003440020 Yes
Ellis, A.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639873 Yes
[W. S.] [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639880 Yes
Sjögren, G.L. [s.n.] Sweden K003639995 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003440044 Yes
Barta, T. [1998-1] Austria K003440009 Yes
Iljin, F. [s.n.] Russia K003486109 Yes
[Laoutri] [s.n.] K003486110 Yes
Rosendahl, C.O. [787] Canada K003488624 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003567639 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639875 Yes
Oberneder, L. [822] Germany K003440022 Yes
Kirk, J. [1345] New Zealand K003487273 Yes
Ballard, F.; Milne-Redhead, E. [64] United Kingdom K003639865 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003624360 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624352 Yes
Dore, W.G. [47-284] Canada K003488625 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003624361 Yes
Kloos, A.W. [s.n.] Netherlands K003440034 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Ballard, F. [64] United Kingdom K003639860 Yes
Sennen (Fr.) [s.n.] France K003440042 Yes
Whellan, J.A. [BPL827/16] United Kingdom K003639884 Yes
Bové [332] Algeria K003567914 Yes
s.coll. [340] K003567915 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003624357 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639887 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003624363 Yes
Collett, R. [s.n.] Norway K003639998 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] New Zealand K003487272 Yes
Eggert, H. [181] United States K003488632 Yes
Britton, C.E. [1234] United Kingdom K003639867 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K000913568 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lehmann [s.n.] United States K003488648 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [1663] United Kingdom K003639872 Yes
{Dr. Lyall} [s.n.] Canada K003488622 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003440043 Yes
Britton, C.E. [1058] United Kingdom K003639862 Yes
Baldacci, A.; Baldacci, A. [198] Albania K003440050 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [13416] United Kingdom K003639893 Yes
Sagorski [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K003440051 Yes
Britton, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639869 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624354 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003624372 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K003440052 Yes
[H. Laur] [s.n.] K003440028 Yes
Britton, C.E.; Little, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639894 Yes
Schultz, F. [s.n.] France K003440037 Yes
Bluffs [s.n.] United States K003488628 Yes
Vàtova [s.n.] K003440010 Yes
Braun, A.C.H. [s.n.] K003440017 Yes
Oberneder, L. [824] Germany K003440021 Yes
s.coll. [113] K003486108 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] New Zealand K003487275 Yes
Whellan, J.A. [BPL827/22] United Kingdom K003639885 Yes
Airy Shaw, H.K.; Brenan, J.P.M. [3699] United Kingdom K003639886 Yes
Ellman, E.; Hubbard, C. [1066] Spain K003440047 Yes
s.coll. [1808] Canada K003488621 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624350 Yes
Ballard, F.; Milne-Redhead, E. [64] United Kingdom K003639864 Yes
Bredemann, G.; Nieser, O. [33] K003624362 Yes
Mosseray [s.n.] Belgium K003440036 Yes
Johnsen, H. [s.n.] Norway K003440002 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624349 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639874 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624355 Yes
Gould, F.W. [11262] United States K003488642 Yes
Barta, T. [1998-30] Austria K003440008 Yes
Drummond [647] United States K003488629 Yes
Smith, H. [595] United States K003488640 Yes
Heller, A.A. [s.n.] United States K003488638 Yes
von Degen, A. [237sz] Hungary K003440027 Yes
s.coll. [334] K003567913 Yes
Hitchcock, A.S. [s.n.] United States K003488627 Yes
Czetz, L. [s.n.] Romania K003440030 Yes
Lewis [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639851 Yes
Ward, M. [97] Switzerland K003440025 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639888 Yes
Sutton [146] K003624366 Yes
Williams, I.A. [s.n.] K003624356 Yes
McCallum-Webster, M. [4027] Bosnia and Herzegovina K003440049 Yes
Short, C.W. [s.n.] United States K003488630 Yes
Salmon, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639879 Yes
[Dr. Post] [5/89] K003440048 Yes
Weatherwax [s.n.] United States K003488647 Yes
Parkinson, G.T. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639854 Yes
Watson, H.C. [1580b] United Kingdom K003639881 Yes
Kneucker, A. [s.n.] Germany K003440019 Yes
s.coll. [1354] United Kingdom K003639882 Yes
Brumbach, W.C. [6837] United States K003488645 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [4907/A] United Kingdom K003639889 Yes
Ozanon, C.; Dauphinoise, S. [3111] France K003440038 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [491] United Kingdom K003639895 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K003488649 Yes
Nelmes, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639877 Yes
Kirk, J. [1346] New Zealand K003487276 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [[827/160]] United Kingdom K003639857 Yes
s.coll. [149] K003624367 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K003440018 Yes
Sykora, L. [s.n.] Czech Republic K003440031 Yes
Radford, A.E. [34469] United States K003488626 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K003440053 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] K003624371 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624348 Yes
Burdon, R.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639850 Yes
Faurie, M. [811] Japan K003486298 Yes
Ellman, E.; Hubbard, C. [1066] Spain K003440046 Yes
Haage; Schmidt [180] K003624359 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003486113 Yes
French, G.H. [3511] United States K003488643 Yes
Bennett, A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639863 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K003440026 Yes
Hylmö, D. [s.n.] Sweden K003639999 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639876 Yes
Dyer [[9/74]] France K003440040 Yes
Schlechter, R. [s.n.] South Africa K003487790 Yes
Travers, W.T.L. [s.n.] New Zealand K003487274 Yes
Clouston, D.C. [407] United Kingdom K003639849 Yes
S.J. Wiesbaur, J. [s.n.] Austria K003440011 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K003488641 Yes
Lowne, B.T. [1840] United Kingdom K003639858 Yes
Blom, C. [s.n.] Sweden K003440003 Yes
Samuelsson, V. [s.n.] Sweden K003639997 Yes
Stevens, G.W. [870] United States K003488635 Yes
Ahlberg, F. [s.n.] K003440001 Yes
Sutton [146] K003624365 Yes
Stevens, G.W. [2144] United States K003488636 Yes
Ball, C.R. [150] United States K003488633 Yes
Wedgwood, M.L. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639883 Yes
[V. Lombert] [s.n.] Belgium K003440033 Yes
Fagerlund, G.O.; Mitchell, A.L. [657] United States K003487293 Yes
{Dr. Lyall} [s.n.] United States K003488631 Yes
Fries, E.T. [s.n.] Sweden K003440004 Yes
Wahl, H.A.; Warmer, J.W. [s.n.] United States K003488634 Yes
s.coll. [205] K003624368 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639848 Yes
Townsend, D. [s.n.] United States K003488646 Yes
s.coll. [194] K003624358 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [4565] United Kingdom K003639856 Yes
Hj. Hjelt [s.n.] Finland K003639996 Yes
Lehmann, C.B. [s.n.] K003440013 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624353 Yes
Alston, A.H.G. [s.n.] Belgium K003440032 Yes
Brotherston, A. [54] K003440029 Yes
Mameev, S. [56] Russia K003486112 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003440014 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639892 Yes
Schuette, J.H. [s.n.] United States K003488637 Yes
Nevski, S. [s.n.] Russia K003486115 Yes
s.coll. [752] K003486111 Yes
Watson, H. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639870 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003440039 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624364 Yes
Salisbury, E.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639891 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003486114 Yes
Kirk, J. [1388] New Zealand K003487271 Yes
Lloydel, A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K003639855 Yes
Britton, C.E. [1421] United Kingdom K003639868 Yes
Britton, C.E. [1225] United Kingdom K003639861 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003440041 Yes
Hügin, G. [s.n.] Germany K003440006 Yes
Hügin, G. [s.n.] Germany K003440007 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [9737] United Kingdom K003639890 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [109/2231] United Kingdom K003639871 Yes
Hügin, G. [s.n.] Germany K003440005 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624347 Yes
Britton, C.E. [1227] United Kingdom K003639866 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [4565] United Kingdom K003639859 Yes
Gander [s.n.] Austria K003440016 Yes
Marshall-Ward [s.n.] K003624351 Yes
Faurie, P. [3160] Japan K003486297 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K003488623 Yes
Coville, F.V. [s.n.] United States K003488639 Yes
Holmberg, O.R. [s.n.] Sweden K003639994 Yes

Sources

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
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    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0