Poaceae
Cenchrus

Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.

First published in Fl. Ind. 1: 238 (1820)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Africa to NW. India. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Doubtfully present in:

Morocco

Native to:

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Chad, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sinai, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Alabama, New York

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Ndabaneze, P. (1989). Catalogue des Graminées du Burundi. Lejeunia; Revue de Botanique, n.s., 132: 1-127.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1995). Flora of Somalia 4: i-ii, 1-298. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Ndabaneze, P. (1989). Catalogue des Graminées du Burundi. Lejeunia; Revue de Botanique, n.s., 132: 1-127.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Quézel, P. (1958). Mission Botanique au Tibesti: 1-357. Université d'Alger.
  • Robyns, W. (1934). Flore Agrostologique du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 2: 9-386. Goemaere, Bruxelles.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2019). Novitates Gabonenses 91: additons to the grass flora of Gabon. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152: 99-105.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1995). Flora of Somalia 4: i-ii, 1-298. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by T. A. Cope [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Nov 1, 1995 Wieringa, J.J. [974] Gabon K001562398 Yes
[J. Y. Duthie] [6544] K002927796 Yes
Anderson [964] Tanzania K002816992 Yes
[E. H. Ronetti] [61/317] Mauritania K002928495 Yes
Innes, R.R. [s.n.] Ghana K002928545 Yes
Hildebrandt, J.M. [1094] Tanzania K000281107 Holotype Yes
Lawesson, J.E. [5181] Senegal K002928505 Yes
Williams, T.L. [452] Ghana K002928555 Yes
Tuley, P. [1124] Nigeria K002928595 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [2780] Tanzania K002816988 Yes
[Eloytar] [4011] K002928627 Yes
Hiepko, P.; Schultze-Motel, W. [20] Togo K002928570 Yes
Frith, A.C. [132] Gambia, The K002928529 Yes
Bernays, E.A. [3] Mali K002928514 Yes
Germain, R. [2166] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928638 Yes
Innes, R.R. [30187] Ghana K002928547 Yes
Kanodia, K.C. [2354] India K000245389 Type Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] Pakistan K002927788 Yes
W. P. B. [Beal] [21] Ghana K002928558 Yes
[R. Dofew] [DC436] Nigeria K002928580 Yes
Roger [[63]] Senegal K002928507 Yes
Latilo, M.G. [43802] Nigeria K002928593 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [159] Nigeria K002928564 Yes
De Winter, B.D. [9194] Namibia K002817188 Yes
Drummond, J.R. [21163] India K002927801 Yes
Adams, C.D. [3973] Ghana K002928538 Yes
Drummond, J.R. [24129] India K002927802 Yes
Broadbent, J.A. [125] Senegal K002928503 Yes
Welwitsch, F.M.J. [7347] Angola K002817145 Yes
Laegaard, S.; Goudiaby, A.; Madsen, J.E.; Sambou, B.; Traoré, S. [17387] Senegal K002928499 Yes
Tanner, R. [2053] Tanzania K002816991 Yes
Roger [s.n.] Senegal K002928506 Yes
[J]. Birket-Smith; Hambler, D. [83] Nigeria K002928566 Yes
[Joaquim Viegas] [2714] Guinea-Bissau K002928524 Yes
Laegaard, S.; Traoré, S.A. [16994] Senegal K002928498 Yes
Innes, R.R. [31722] Ghana K002928551 Yes
Qaiser, M.; Ghafoor, A.; Husain, A. [3647] India K002927814 Yes
Laegaard, S.; Traoré, S.A. [16990] Senegal K002928504 Yes
Grove, A.T. [25] Nigeria K002928581 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002927797 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Gambia, The K002928526 Yes
Fay, J.M. [4408] Central African Republic K002928630 Yes
s.coll. [1665] India K002927813 Yes
Alison; Heath, R. [957] Botswana K002817140 Yes
Saunders, D.H. [112] Gambia, The K002928532 Yes
Blake, S.T. [17681] Australia K002928046 Yes
Stubbings, H.G. [73] Nigeria K002928563 Yes
Onwudinjoh, D.C. [FHI22383] Nigeria K001737214 No
Bradley, P.N. [021] Niger K002928576 Yes
s.coll. [199] Benin K002928568 Yes
s.coll. [1067] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928636 Yes
Adam, J.C. [1839] Senegal K002928502 Yes
Watt, M. [s.n.] K002927268 Yes
Procter, J. [2902] Tanzania K002816995 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P.G. [7646] Tanzania K002816996 Yes
s.coll. [8654] India K002927809 Yes
Davey, J.T. [242] Mali K002928519 Yes
Scholz [46] Burkina Faso K002928537 Yes
Wit, P. [3093] Cameroon K002928620 Yes
Vigne, C. [4549] Ghana K002928544 Yes
[M. Adelvhun] [5407] Nigeria K002928599 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. Sudan K000281258 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gamble, J.S. [12645] India K002927811 Yes
[illegible] Royle [s.n.] India K002927794 Yes
Ruxton, J.P. [159] Gambia, The K002928530 Yes
Anne, F. [P241] Burkina Faso K002928533 Yes
Clark, D.M. [357] Zimbabwe K002817139 Yes
Cook, C.D.K. [370] Nigeria K002928596 Yes
Innes, R.R. [32135] Ghana K002928550 Yes
Vermoesen [562] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928643 Yes
Kotschy [3] Sudan K000281256 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ashrif, M.I. [24] Gambia, The K002928527 Yes
Vesey-Fitzgerald, L.D.E.F. [4146] Angola K002817143 Yes
Spire [s.n.] Senegal K002928511 Yes
s.coll. [226] Ghana K002928546 Yes
[L. A. Frimpong] [946] Ghana K002928559 Yes
Laegaard, S.; Madsen, J.E.; Traoré, S.A. [16866] Senegal K002928500 Yes
Latilo, M.G. [60579] Nigeria K002928590 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [176] Tanzania K002816994 Yes
Leman, N. [153] Niger K002928572 Yes
Saadou, M. [540] Niger K002928573 Yes
Freeston, R.C.; Freeston, L. [3] Nigeria K002928594 Yes
Diallo, D.; Hveem, B.; Mahmoud, M.A. [326bh] Mali K002928516 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [1229] Mali K002928521 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [5746] Yemen K002927270 Yes
Saunders, D.H. [31] Gambia, The K002928531 Yes
[illegible] [20702] India K002927792 Yes
s.coll. [3894] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928637 Yes
Morton, J.K. [GC25373] Ghana K002928549 Yes
[Joaquim Viegas] [3025] Guinea-Bissau K002928525 Yes
Money-Kyrle, A.F. [Fe19] Niger K002928578 Yes
Richards, H.M. [17784] Tanzania K002816985 Yes
[Randeryst] [2616] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928640 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Benin K002928569 Yes
White, L.P. [11] Niger K002928577 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [4736] Saudi Arabia K002927267 Yes
Ghaffar, A. [s.n.] Pakistan K002927790 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [539] Tanzania K002816989 Yes
Innes, R.R. [s.n.] Ghana K002928541 Yes
Golding, F. [13] Nigeria K002928592 Yes
[C. B. Lean] [63] Niger K002928518 Yes
Kennedy, J.D. [8016] Nigeria K002928582 Yes
Richardson, A.J. [7] Niger K002928585 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K002927793 Yes
[Bruman] [29] Senegal K002928508 Yes
Hall, J.B. [2976] Ghana K002928553 Yes
Léonard, J.J.G. [3455] Chad K002928619 Yes
Drummond, J.R.; Baksh, R. [21165] India K002927799 Yes
Olorunfemi; Ibhanesebhor [70021] Nigeria K002928598 Yes
Dadashzadeh [10130] Iran K002927266 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K002927791 Yes
Bunner, W.K. [s.n.] Ghana K002928540 Yes
Bari; Abdullah [C408] Mali K002928513 Yes
Germain, R. [6849] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928633 Yes
Daramola, B.O. [38028] Nigeria K002928589 Yes
Baikie [s.n.] Nigeria K002928587 Yes
Schlieben, H.J. [2535] Tanzania K002816999 Yes
Bartha, R. [87] Niger K002928575 Yes
Marshall, J.H. [48] Tanzania K002816993 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde, J.J.F.E.; Duyfjes, B.E.E. [5290] Chad K002928628 Yes
Hagerup, O. [146] Mali K002928520 Yes
Drummond, J.R.; [Rain Baksh] [21164] India K002927800 Yes
Vanderyst, H. [3568] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928642 Yes
[I.] W. Brown [[427]] Ghana K002928542 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [1229] Mali K002928522 Yes
Bernays, E.A. [2] Mali K002928515 Yes
Wit, P.; Gbile, Z.O.; Daramola, B.O. [53077] Nigeria K002928597 Yes
Figari Sudan K000281257 Type Yes
Palmer, J.H. [3] Nigeria K002928584 Yes
Nanjariso, O.P.; Vorontsova, M.S.; Besnard, G.; Razanantsoa, J.; Onjalalaina, G.E. [194] Madagascar K002817150 Yes
Bartha, R. [85] Niger K002928574 Yes
Davey, J.T.; M.H. [51] Mali K002928517 Yes
Bourne [2465] India K002927812 Yes
Greenway, P.J. [5282] Tanzania K002816986 Yes
s.coll. [860] Cameroon K002928621 Yes
Money-Kyrle, A.F. [Sah39] Niger K002928579 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [13415] Ghana K002928560 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [8816] Botswana K002817142 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [10854] India K002927810 Yes
[M. Bidjerm] [7] Senegal K002928509 Yes
s.coll. [8654] India K002927808 Yes
Letouzey, R. [6329] Cameroon K002928622 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [4942] India K002927803 Yes
Muerillon, A. [966] Cameroon K002928625 Yes
Arvidsson, I. [14] Mauritania K002928497 Yes
Ranaivojaona, R.; et al. [1444] Madagascar K002817151 Yes
Jennings, E.A. [35] Yemen K002927269 Yes
Dalziel, J.M. [276] Nigeria K002928583 Yes
s.coll. [13809] India K002927807 Yes
s.coll. [835] Niger K002928586 Yes
Nanda, P.C. [1604] India K002927805 Yes
Fox, R.H. [125] Gambia, The K002928528 Yes
Mohammad, J. [8019] Pakistan K002927789 Yes
Liben, L. [2615] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928635 Yes
s.coll. [56] Niger K002928571 Yes
Krause, G.A. [s.n.] Ghana K002928557 Yes
La Danso, I.L. [11] Ghana K002928556 Yes
Moiser, B. [138] Nigeria K002928591 Yes
Hatch, S.L. [4275] Kenya K002816982 Yes
Bels, L. [45] Nigeria K002928565 Yes
Schlieben, H.J. [6384] Tanzania K002816998 Yes
Batty, M. [1225] Tanzania K002816997 Yes
Smith, P.A. [2095] Botswana K002817141 Yes
Muerillon, A. [860] Cameroon K002928624 Yes
Baldwin Jr., J.T. [5728] Senegal K002928501 Yes
Symon, D.E. [5013] Australia K002928047 Yes
Bidgood, G.S.; Vollesen, K.B. [3182] Tanzania K002816987 Yes
Jackson, G. [107770] Cameroon K002928623 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [S 1326] Tanzania K002816990 Yes
Audry, P. [E10] Chad K002928629 Yes
Manjakahery, H.; Andrianjafy, N.M.; Ranaivojaona, R. [148] Madagascar K002817152 Yes
Greenway, P.J. [1227] Tanzania K002816983 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [115] Nigeria K002928562 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [13583] Ghana K002928554 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K002927804 Yes
Risopoulos [1230] Benin K002928567 Yes
Innes, R.R. [31226] Ghana K002928548 Yes
Farmar, L. [63a] Senegal K002928510 Yes
Dewit; Morton [A2991] Ghana K002928543 Yes
Bidault, E.; Senterre, B.; Haba, P.; Goman, A. [2544] Guinea K002928523 Yes
Baldwin Jr., J.T. [14126] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928639 Yes
Griffith [23] K002927795 Yes
Morton, J.K. [GC6174] Ghana K002928552 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [684] Nigeria K002928588 Yes
Robyns [4341] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928632 Yes
Shantz, H.L. [662] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928641 Yes
Risopoulos, S. [475] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928634 Yes
Innes, R.R. [32669] Ghana K002928539 Yes
Masens, B. [131] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002928631 Yes
Davies, J.N. [176] Equatorial Guinea K002928626 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K002927806 Yes
Welwitsch, F.M.J. [2900] Angola K002817144 Yes
Johnston, H.B. [27] Nigeria K002928561 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Plants and People Africa

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    • © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/