Family:
Poaceae Barnhart
Genus:
Gigantochloa Kurz ex Munro

Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro

This species is accepted, and its native range is Indo-China to W. Malesia. It is used as a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for food.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 1000 - 1500 m.; Andes.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 1000–1500 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Valle del Cauca.
Habit
Herb.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland.

[GB]
Morphology General Habit
Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes short; pachymorph. Culms erect; 1500-2000 cm long; 50-100 mm diam.; woody. Culm-internodes terete; thick-walled; mid-green, or mid-green and yellow; concolorous, or striped; distally glabrous, or pubescent. Lateral branches dendroid. Buds or branches absent from lower quarter of culm. Culm-sheaths 15-30 cm long; hispid; with dark brown hairs; truncate at apex; auriculate; with 2-3 mm high auricles; glabrous on shoulders. Culm-sheath ligule 3 mm high. Culm-sheath blade lanceolate; narrower than sheath; reflexed; 25 cm long; 5 mm wide. Leaf-sheath auricles falcate. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Collar with external ligule. Leaf-blade base with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath. Leaf-blades lanceolate; 25 cm long; 25 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface glabrous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Synflorescence bractiferous; clustered at the nodes; in stellate clusters; dense; with glumaceous subtending bracts; with axillary buds at base of spikelet; prophyllate below lateral spikelets; leafless between clusters. Fertile spikelets sessile.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 3 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets lanceolate; laterally compressed; 16-18 mm long; 3-4 mm wide; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating above glumes but not between florets. Rhachilla internodes suppressed between florets.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 3 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets lanceolate; laterally compressed; 16-18 mm long; 3-4 mm wide; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating above glumes but not between florets. Rhachilla internodes suppressed between florets.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes several; persistent; similar; shorter than spikelet.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Fertile florets increasing in size upwards. Fertile lemma ovate; 10-12 mm long; chartaceous; without keel. Lemma margins ciliate. Lemma hairs purple. Lemma apex acute. Palea 7-9 -veined; 2-keeled. Palea keels ciliate. Palea surface puberulous. Apical sterile florets 1 in number; barren; lanceolate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules absent. Anthers 6; 6-8 mm long. Filaments united in a tube. Stigmas 1; pubescent. Ovary umbonate; pubescent on apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; hairy at apex.
Distribution
Asia-temperate: China. Asia-tropical: Indo-China and Malesia.
Reference
Bambuseae. Holttum 1995.

[GB]
Morphology General Habit
Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes short; pachymorph. Culms erect; 700-1300 cm long; 50-130 mm diam.; woody; without nodal roots, or rooting from lower nodes. Culm-internodes terete; yellow, or light green; striped; distally pilose (sparsely above). Lateral branches dendroid. Culm-sheaths deciduous; auriculate; with 3-4 mm high auricles; with 17 mm wide auricles; setose on shoulders; shoulders with 3-5 mm long hairs. Culm-sheath ligule 3-5 mm high; dentate. Culm-sheath blade ovate; spreading, or reflexed. Leaf-sheath auricles falcate; 2 mm long. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Collar with external ligule. Leaf-blade base with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath. Leaf-blades lanceolate; 25 cm long; 25 mm wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Synflorescence bractiferous; clustered at the nodes; in stellate clusters; dense; with glumaceous subtending bracts; with axillary buds at base of spikelet; prophyllate below lateral spikelets; leafless between clusters. Fertile spikelets sessile.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 4 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets ovate; laterally compressed; 7.5-10 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating above glumes but not between florets. Rhachilla internodes suppressed between florets.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 4 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets ovate; laterally compressed; 7.5-10 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating above glumes but not between florets. Rhachilla internodes suppressed between florets.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes several; persistent; similar; shorter than spikelet. Lower glume ovate. Lower glume apex mucronate. Upper glume ovate. Upper glume mucronate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Fertile florets increasing in size upwards. Fertile lemma ovate; 5-7 mm long; chartaceous; without keel. Lemma apex acute; mucronate. Palea 0.9 length of lemma; 4-5 -veined; 2-keeled. Palea keels eciliate. Palea apex acute.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules 3; 0.5-1 mm long. Anthers 6; yellow; anther tip penicillate. Filaments united in a tube.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp.
Distribution
Asia-tropical: Malesia.
Reference
Bambuseae. Veldkamp 2009.

[UPFC]
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Social
Social uses.

Native to:

Borneo, Cambodia, Jawa, Malaya, Myanmar, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced into:

China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras

English
Giant Bamboo

Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Wong, K.M. [WKM 2359], Sabah Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea K000795514 No

First published in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 124 (1868)

Accepted by

  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Chou, S., Chhnang, P. & Kim, Y. (2016). A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia: 1-272. National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Masamune, G. (1942). Enumeratio phanerogamarum Bornearum: 1-739. Taihoku, Formosa.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0