- Family:
- Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus:
- Hordeum L.
Hordeum spontaneum K.Koch

[GB]
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial; caespitose. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; 35-70 cm long. Leaf-sheath oral hairs lacking. Leaf-sheath auricles falcate. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades 5-16 cm long; 4-8 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface smooth, or scabrous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 1; single; linear; bilateral; 4-9 cm long; 6-8 mm wide. Rhachis fragile at the nodes; flattened; ciliate on margins. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis. Rhachis internodes oblong; 3.5-5 mm long; falling with spikelet above. Spikelets in threes. Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets sessile; 2 in the cluster. Pedicels oblong.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; containing empty lemmas, or male; lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 4-6 mm long; shorter than fertile; deciduous with the fertile. Companion sterile spikelet glumes subulate. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas 1; 7-9 mm long; muticous. Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 12-14 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures.
- Sterile
- Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; containing empty lemmas, or male; lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 4-6 mm long; shorter than fertile; deciduous with the fertile. Companion sterile spikelet glumes subulate. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas 1; 7-9 mm long; muticous.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 12-14 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes collateral; similar. Lower glume linear, or lanceolate; 4-6 mm long; 1 length of upper glume. Lower glume surface pubescent. Lower glume apex awned; 1 -awned. Lower glume awn 10-15 mm long. Upper glume linear, or lanceolate; 4-6 mm long. Upper glume surface pubescent. Upper glume awned; 1 -awned. Upper glume awn 10-15 mm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Fertile lemma lanceolate, or ovate; 12-14 mm long; coriaceous; without keel; 5 -veined. Lemma apex acuminate; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn 40-140 mm long overall; limb scabrous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Anthers 3; 2.5-3 mm long. Ovary pubescent on apex.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; sulcate on hilar side; hairy at apex. Hilum linear.
- Distribution
- Europe: southeastern. Africa: north. Asia-temperate: Soviet Middle Asia, Caucasus, western Asia, Arabia, and China. Asia-tropical: India.
- Reference
- Triticeae. Fl Turk 1993.
Native to:
Afghanistan, China South-Central, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Pakistan, Palestine, Qinghai, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen
Introduced into:
Belarus, East Himalaya, Morocco, Tunisia, West Himalaya
- Hordeum agriocrithon Åberg
- Hordeum agriocrithon var. nudum Q.Q.Shao
- Hordeum decaisneanum Hook.f.
- Hordeum decaisnei Boiss.
- Hordeum ischnatherum (Coss.) Schweinf.
- Hordeum ithaburense Boiss.
- Hordeum proskowetzii Nábelek
- Hordeum spontaneum var. anatolicum Cabi & Dogan
- Hordeum spontaneum var. turcomanicum Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh
- Hordeum vulgare subsp. agriocrithon (Åberg) Á.Löve
- Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K.Koch) Asch. & Graebn.
- English
- Wild Barley
Hordeum spontaneum K.Koch appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Linnaea 21: 430 (1848)
Accepted by
- Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
- Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
- Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
- Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
- Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
- Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
- Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
- Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Not accepted by
- Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens. [Cited as Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum.]
Literature
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
- Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
- Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
- Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Fedtschenko, B.A. & al. (1932). Flora Turkmenii 1: 1-340. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
- Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
- Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
- Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
- Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
- Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1956). Flora Kazakhstana 1: 1-354. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
- Roshevitz, R.J. & al. (eds.) (1950). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 2: 1-315. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
- Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
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GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
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