Poaceae
Hordeum

Hordeum vulgare L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 84 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is E. Medit. to Central Asia and China (Sichuan, Yunnan). It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, China South-Central, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Pakistan, Palestine, Qinghai, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Uzbekistan, Yemen

Introduced into:

Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil South, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Canary Is., Central European Russia, Chad, Chile Central, Chile North, China North-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cuba, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Florida, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greenland, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kentucky, Kerguelen, Khabarovsk, Korea, Krym, Kuwait, Louisiana, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Northwest Territories, Norway, Nova Scotia, NW. Balkan Pen., Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yukon

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. I. Pteridophyta à Rosaceae. Candollea 47: 113-179.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
  • Guinea, E. (1948). Catálogo razonado de las plantas del Sáhara Español. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 8: 357-429.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Lambion, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004). Nouvelle flore de la Belgique du G. D. de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5: 1-1167. Edition du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
  • Press, J.R. et al. (2000). Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal: i-x, 1-430. Natural History Museum, London.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1988). Flora du Rwanda 4: I-X, 1-651. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 6: 1-619. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Chev. Bot. 752.
  • Sp. Pl. 84 (1753)

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Crop wild relative Inventory https://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/ in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Linares, E. (1994). Inventario preliminar de las plantas utilizadas para elaborar artesanías en Colombia. Vniversitas Scientarium. Vol 2: 1-38

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.1. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Delipavlov, D. & Cheshmedzhiev, I. (eds.) (2011). Opredelitel na rasteniiata v Bulgariia: 1-590. Akad. Isd. Agrar. Univers. Plovdiv.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. I. Pteridophyta à Rosaceae. Candollea 47: 113-179.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Fedtschenko, B.A. & al. (1932). Flora Turkmenii 1: 1-340. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  • Frenot, Y., Chown, S.L., Whinam, J., Selkirk, P.M., Convey, P., Skotnicki, M. & Bergstrom,D.M. (2005). Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 80: 45-72.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hộ, P.-H. (2000). Câycỏ Việtnam. An Illustrated flora of Vietnam, ed. 2, 3: 1-1020. Pham-hoang Ho, Montréal.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
  • Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1956). Flora Kazakhstana 1: 1-354. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Press, J.R. et al. (2000). Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal: i-x, 1-430. Natural History Museum, London.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Roshevitz, R.J. & al. (eds.) (1950). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 2: 1-315. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1988). Flora du Rwanda 4: I-X, 1-651. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Dempewolf, H., Eastwood, R. J., Guarino, L., Khoury, C. K., Müller, J. V. & Toll, J. (2014). Adapting agriculture to climate change: a global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38, 369-377.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2021 Hosaka, E.Y. [1583] United States K001614836 No
Jan 2, 2019 Soulié, J.-A. [287] China K001459014 Yes
Nov 1, 2014 Galan Cela, P.; Martín, A. [1957] Spain K001451058 Yes
Aug 12, 1991 Wilson, E.H. [4533] China K001459008 Yes
Aug 12, 1991 Wilson, E.H. [4533] China K001459007 Yes
Aug 12, 1991 Wilson, E.H. [s.n.] China K001459006 Yes
Jan 1, 1979 Evans, I. [2] United Kingdom K001451036 Yes
Jan 1, 1978 Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] India K001459103 Yes
Jan 1, 1978 s.coll. [s.n.] Nepal K001459090 Yes
Jun 1, 1961 [DA] [s.n.] Nigeria K001459292 Yes
Jun 1, 1961 Thornton, T. [s.n.] Nigeria K001459291 Yes
Jun 1, 1961 Thornton, T. [s.n.] Nigeria K001459293 Yes
Jan 1, 1948 Bor; Kirat Ram [20068] China K001453998 Yes
Jan 1, 1938 s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451040 Yes
Jan 1, 1938 Gladstone, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451044 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K001451054 Yes
Cope, T.A. [RBG 418] United Kingdom K000914550 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3789] K001117218 Unknown Type Material Yes
Leon, C.J.; Yu-Lin, L. China K001935257 No
Toussaint [s.n.] India K001459097 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459095 Yes
Winterbottom, J.E. [s.n.] Pakistan K001459044 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [24458] India K001459076 Yes
[Haurs] [s.n.] Algeria K001459092 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [25752] Pakistan K001459045 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451006 Yes
Licent, E. [128] China K001459010 Yes
Faber, E. [1191] China K001459001 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K001454000 Yes
s.coll. [22663] India K001459079 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Egypt K001453516 Yes
McClure, F.A. [s.n.] China K001459025 Yes
Griffith [990] Bhutan K001459058 Yes
Royle, J.F. [s.n.] India K000950576 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451042 Yes
Heyne, B. [s.n.] India K001459084 Yes
Shuttl. [s.n.] India K001459096 Yes
Chapple, J.F.G. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451039 Yes
Åberg, [P.] [s.n.] Sweden K000950578 Unknown Type Material Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [4716] Bhutan K001459064 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [7276] United Kingdom K001451026 Yes
s.coll. [2505] India K001459101 Yes
Royle, J.F. [s.n.] India K001459066 Yes
Schimper [589] Ethiopia K000367320 Unknown Type Material Yes
Schimper [589] Ethiopia K000367319 Unknown Type Material No
Cavalerie, J. [7370] China K001459021 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [4533] China K001459016 Yes
Delacour, Th. [s.n.] France K001451050 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451002 Yes
Bohnhof, H. [141] China K001459013 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3789] K001117221 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3789] K001117220 Unknown Type Material Yes
Prior, A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451025 Yes
Thomson, T.; Hooker, J.D.H. [187] India K001459102 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2795] United Kingdom K001451014 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459055 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3789] K001117219 Unknown Type Material Yes
Shuttl. [s.n.] India K001459093 Yes
Winterbottom, J.E. [702] India K001459080 Yes
Percival, J. [s.n.] Nigeria K001459290 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [6088] United Kingdom K001451009 Yes
Vetter, J.J. [2354] Switzerland K001451048 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] India K001459054 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [3766] China K001459018 Yes
Field, D.I. [313] Nepal K001459048 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459074 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451035 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451038 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K001459005 Yes
s.coll. [3352A] India K001459050 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [12246] United Kingdom K001451028 Yes
Chapman, F.S. [402] China K001453996 Yes
Griffith [6826] India K001459072 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459082 Yes
Ball, J. [s.n.] India K001459037 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2744] United Kingdom K001451013 Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [957] Bhutan K001459063 Yes
Ward, F.K. [s.n.] India K001459088 Yes
Licent, E. [5432] China K001459020 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451017 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2658] United Kingdom K001451011 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] Pakistan K001459039 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [3029] United Kingdom K001451033 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451003 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451041 Yes
Clayton, D. [5524] Sri Lanka K001459654 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2658] United Kingdom K001451015 Yes
Forrest, G. [13828] China K001459019 Yes
Schimper, W. [s.n.] Ethiopia K001459098 Yes
Rechinger, K.H.; Rechinger, F. [4577] Greece K001451059 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K001459067 Yes
Sinclair, I.W.J.; Long, D.G. [5125] Bhutan K001459061 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1321] United Kingdom K001451008 Yes
Reichling, L. [39] Luxembourg K001451049 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [647] India K001459056 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [540610/4] United Kingdom K001451034 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459085 Yes
Little, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451023 Yes
s.coll. [3353A] India K001459051 Yes
Prain, D. [s.n.] India K001459065 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [6719] Bangladesh K001459071 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459099 Yes
Chiao, C.Y. [s.n.] China K001459009 Yes
s.coll. [16405] India K001459081 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K001459012 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K001451056 Yes
Royle [s.n.] India K001459069 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K001451053 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Egypt K001453517 Yes
Sakamoto, S. [75-10-13-7] Nepal K001459047 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [7861] United Kingdom K001451043 Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [957] Bhutan K001459062 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459075 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K001451047 Yes
Decaisne [s.n.] India K001459650 Yes
Callery, M. [399] China K001459023 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [1141] China K001459004 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [6164] United Kingdom K001451010 Yes
MacGregor, D. [65] China K001459026 Yes
Stocks [s.n.] Pakistan K001459042 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] India K001459049 Yes
Stewart-Evison, C. [D2061] United Kingdom K001451005 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459086 Yes
Henry, A. [5275] China K001459003 Yes
Winterbottom, J.E. [s.n.] Pakistan K001459043 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [23022] India K001459078 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K001459040 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459070 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] India K001459073 Yes
Delacour, Th. [s.n.] France K001451051 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1479] United Kingdom K001451024 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [10752] United Kingdom K001451037 Yes
Maingay [726] China K001459022 Yes
Soulié, J.-A. [287] China K001453999 Yes
Perrottet, G.S. [1350] India K001459083 Yes
Lawson [s.n.] India K001459091 Yes
Gould, B.J. [136] Bhutan K001459060 Yes
Åberg, [P.] [s.n.] Sweden K000950579 Unknown Type Material Yes
Åberg, [P.] [s.n.] Sweden K000950580 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wilson, E.H. [4534] China K001459015 Yes
Bannister, C.W. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451030 Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [1814] Bhutan K001459057 Yes
Legendre, A.F. [1590] China K001459017 Yes
Licent, E. [1819] China K001459011 Yes
Åberg, [P.] [s.n.] Sweden K000950581 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [7276] United Kingdom K001451027 Yes
Åberg, [P.] [s.n.] Sweden K000950577 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ball, J. [s.n.] India K001459038 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451029 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Sandwith, N.Y. [2499] United Kingdom K001451018 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] India K001459053 Yes
Aufschnaiter, P. [s.n.] China K001453997 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2081] United Kingdom K001451007 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K001459041 Yes
Ehrhart [s.n.] France K001451055 Yes
s.coll. [250] India K001459100 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Sandwith [6354] United Kingdom K001451032 Yes
Bourne, A.G. [1996] India K001459087 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [10284] Bhutan K001459052 Yes
Melville, R. [2819] United Kingdom K001451020 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Sandwith, N.Y. [2499] United Kingdom K001451019 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2673] United Kingdom K001451016 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1642] United Kingdom K001451031 Yes
Lejeune [s.n.] France K001451057 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K001451052 Yes
Melville, R. [2825] United Kingdom K001451021 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [2589] United Kingdom K001451012 Yes
Brown, G.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451022 Yes
Schlickum; Huter [s.n.] Germany K001451046 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J.E. [2] India K001459077 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [23422C] Pakistan K001459046 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K000032443 Type Yes
Maingay, A.C. [802] Japan K001453995 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K001459002 Yes
Griffith [2703] Bhutan K001459059 Yes
Hosie, A. [s.n.] China K001459024 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001451004 Yes
Ward, F.K. [s.n.] India K001459089 Yes
s.coll. [26908] Bangladesh K001459068 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K001459094 Yes

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