Poaceae
Hordeum

Hordeum vulgare L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 84 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is E. Medit. to Central Asia and China (Sichuan, Yunnan). It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food, a poison and a medicine and for fuel and food.

Descriptions

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: threatened. Confidence: low confidence
[AERP]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
cebada, cebada anchuela
[UNAL]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 2500 - 3000 m.; Andes.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba
[CPLC]

Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 2500–3000 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Bogotá DC, Boyacá, Cundinamarca.
Habit
Herb.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: shrubland, native grassland, artificial - terrestrial.
Vernacular
Cebada
[UPFC]

Morphology General Habit
Annual; caespitose. Culms erect; 40-80 cm long; 2.5-4 mm diam.; 3-5 -noded. Leaf-sheath oral hairs lacking. Leaf-sheath auricles falcate. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 1-2 mm long; truncate. Leaf-blades 10-45 cm long; 6-15 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface scabrous. Leaf-blade apex acute.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 1; single; bilateral; 3-8 cm long. Rhachis tough; flattened. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis; regular; 6 -rowed. Rhachis internodes cuneate. Spikelets in threes. Fertile spikelets sessile; 3 in the cluster.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets cuneate; dorsally compressed; 10-15 mm long; persistent on plant.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets cuneate; dorsally compressed; 10-15 mm long; persistent on plant.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes collateral; similar; shorter than spikelet; gaping. Lower glume linear; 4-5 mm long; 1 length of upper glume. Lower glume surface hispidulous. Lower glume apex acuminate; awned; 1 -awned. Lower glume awn 4-10 mm long. Upper glume linear; 4-5 mm long; 0.3-0.5 length of adjacent fertile lemma. Upper glume surface hispidulous. Upper glume apex acuminate; awned; 1 -awned. Upper glume awn 4-10 mm long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Fertile lemma elliptic; 9-15 mm long; coriaceous; without keel; 5 -veined. Lemma apex acuminate; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn 8-14 mm long overall; limb scabrous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Anthers 3. Ovary pubescent on apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; sulcate on hilar side; hairy at apex. Hilum linear.
Distribution
Europe: northern, central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Africa: north, west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, and southern tropical. Asia-temperate: Siberia, Soviet far east, Soviet Middle Asia, Caucasus, western Asia, Arabia, China, Mongolia, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, and Malesia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. Pacific: southwestern and north-central. North America: Subarctic, western Canada, eastern Canada, northwest USA, north-central USA, northeast USA, southwest USA, south-central USA, southeast USA, and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.
Reference
Triticeae. Fl Iran.
[GB]

The Useful Plants of Boyacá project

Ecology
Alt. 2500 - 3000 m.
Distribution
Cultivated in Colombia.
Morphology General Habit
Herb.
Conservation
Not Evaluated.
[UPB]

Uses

Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Fuel
Used for fuels.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.
Use Social
Social uses.
[UPFC]

Use Gene Sources
Crop wild relatives which may possess beneficial traits of value in breeding programmes (State of the World's Plants 2016).
Use Materials Unspecified Materials Chemicals
Materials (State of the World's Plants 2016).
Use Materials Wood
Used to carve images and figures (Linares 1994).
Use Medicines
Medicinal (Instituto Humboldt 2014).
[UPB]

Common Names

English
Barley, Bere Barley, Four Row Barley, Naked Barley
Spanish
Cebada.

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/