Poaceae
Milium

Milium effusum L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 61 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Temp. Northern Hemisphere. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Connecticut, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Nova Scotia, NW. Balkan Pen., Ohio, Ontario, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Poland, Primorye, Qinghai, Québec, Romania, Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tuva, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Vermont, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yakutiya

Recorded in error in:

Cyprus

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Nikolin, E.G. (2020). Opredelitel' vysshikh rasteniy Yakutii: 1-895. Moskva : Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdaniy KMK Novosibirsk "Nauka".
  • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Urgamal, M., Oyuntsetseg, B., Nyambayar, D. & Dulamsuren, C. (2014). Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia: 1. Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 6: 1-619. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2012). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 13. Taxon 61: 889-902.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1956). Flora Kazakhstana 1: 1-354. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
  • Roshevitz, R.J. & al. (eds.) (1950). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 2: 1-315. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Urgamal, M., Oyuntsetseg, B., Nyambayar, D. & Dulamsuren, C. (2014). Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia: 1. Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330648 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330643 Yes
[J. Chavi] [s.n.] Japan K003330666 Yes
[Schleicher] [s.n.] K003330645 Yes
s.coll. [902] K003330732 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K003330738 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J.E. [s.n.] K003330712 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330742 Yes
{Keng; Keng f.} [3812] China K003330682 Yes
Trotter, E.W. [51G] Pakistan K003330686 Yes
Puring, N. [s.n.] Russia K003330636 Yes
Hermann, F.J. [7611] United States K003330735 Yes
s.coll. [[724½]] K003330711 No
Macoun, J. [s.n.] Canada K003330722 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K003330715 Yes
Furuse, M. [17772] Japan K003330660 Yes
Henry, A. [5413] China K003330679 Yes
{Faber, Ernst (Rev.)} [1161] China K003330676 Yes
Hultén, E. [514] K003330633 Yes
Komarov, V. [144] K003330673 Yes
Salamin, N. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001069356 Yes
Furuse, M. [28867] Japan K003330662 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [4316] China K003330680 Yes
Eyerdam, W.J. [s.n.] K003330632 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330718 Yes
Stewart, R.R.; Rahman, A. [25248] Pakistan K003330687 Yes
Jacquemont, V. [829] K003330710 Yes
Kagalo, A.; Sytschak, N. [05522] Ukraine K003330642 Yes
Schickhoff, U. [363] Pakistan K003330688 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K003330731 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330646 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [23747] India K003330704 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [23096] India K003330705 Yes
T.; Y. [6621] Japan K003330668 Yes
Komarov, V.L. [s.n.] Russia K003330631 Yes
Henry, A. [4032] China K003330678 Yes
Vasey, G. [s.n.] United States K003330729 Yes
Royle, J.F. [s.n.] India K000912850 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hori, Y. [s.n.] Japan K003330671 Yes
Tang, T. [2114] China K003330681 Yes
Drummond, J.R. [2093] India K003330702 Yes
s.coll. [686] K003330640 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [4386B] India K003330708 Yes
Jacquemont, V. [460] India K003330691 No
J.J. [s.n.] India K003330690 No
Ruhsam, M. [DMR324] United Kingdom K001873084 No
Rich, H.H. [844] India K003330716 Yes
Faber, E. [s.n.] China K003330677 Yes
Maries [s.n.] Japan K003330675 Yes
Nuttall [s.n.] United States K003330733 Yes
Nuttall [s.n.] United States K003330734 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [21792] India K003330700 Yes
Mizushima, M. [1279] Japan K003330669 Yes
Taquet [1894] K003330672 Yes
[J. Duthie] [40] India K003330717 Yes
Cooley [67] United States K003330730 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] K003330709 Yes
s.coll. [3560] United States K003330728 Yes
Macoun, M.A. [1868] Canada K003330720 Yes
Jacquemont, V.V. [2194] India K000032116 Type Yes
Ramsay, C.B. [s.n.] India K003330713 Yes
Henry, A. [5661] China K003330674 Yes
Dore, W.G. [45-1083] Canada K003330727 Yes
Thomson, T. [1260] India K003330719 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [648A] India K003330706 Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] Japan K003330664 Yes
Griffith, W. [520] Afghanistan K003330714 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [22017] India K003330696 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330743 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [22134] Pakistan K003330699 Yes
Bredemann, G.; Nieser, O. [27] K003330746 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [21507] India K003330697 Yes
Wingate, G. [s.n.] India K003330703 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [26589] India K003330707 Yes
s.coll. [800] K003330637 Yes
Chase, A. [s.n.] United States K003330737 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330639 Yes
Rousseau, J. [31135] Canada K003330724 Yes
s.coll. [24] K003330634 Yes
s.coll. [19] K003330641 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330745 Yes
s.coll. [48] K003330635 Yes
Lepik, E. [s.n.] K003330638 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [28568] India K003330692 Yes
Dore, W.G. [2099] Canada K003330725 Yes
Renvoize, S. [5970] Georgia K003330573 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [13035] India K003330694 Yes
Inayat; Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] Pakistan K003330684 Yes
s.coll. [575] China K003330683 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [10351] India K003330695 Yes
Furuse, M. [19383] Japan K003330663 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330647 Yes
Lubke, R.A. [743] Canada K003330726 Yes
Murata, G. [20311] Japan K003330670 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003330744 Yes
Faurie, P. [1182] Japan K003330665 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [21521] India K003330698 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [23163] India K003330701 Yes
Eaton, A.A. [M-88] United States K003330736 Yes
Faurie, P. [667] Japan K003330667 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [13983] K003330693 Yes
Furuse, M. [27856] Japan K003330661 No
Perry, L.M.; Roscoe, M.V. [46] Canada K003330723 Yes
Fernald, M.L.; Weatherby, C.A. [s.n.] Canada K003330721 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [22683] Pakistan K003330685 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images