Poaceae
Neyraudia

Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard

First published in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 8 (1929)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tanzania to Malawi, Comoros, Madagascar, Hainan to Tropical Asia. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Descriptions

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips & S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974

Morphology General Habit
Perennial with short scaly rhizomes.
Morphology Culms
Culms 2–4 m. high and up to 1 cm. in diameter, almost woody.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-blades up to 60 cm. long and 10 mm. broad, mostly rolled, scabrid, the tip filiform.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Panicle lanceolate, 30–80 cm. long and 8–12 cm. broad, dense, light brown.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets at first narrowly lanceolate, becoming oblong, 6–9 mm. long; florets 5–7, all hermaphrodite; lower glume 2.2–3 mm. long, the upper 2.6–3.2 mm. long; lemmas lanceolate, 3.5–4.5 mm. long, the side nerves ciliate with spreading white hairs 2 mm. long, the lobes setaceous and 0.5–1 mm. long; awn 1.5–2.5 mm. long, recurved; callus oblong, 0.2–0.4 mm. long; anthers 1.8 mm. long.
Figures
Fig. 43.
Habitat
Stream banks and moist places among rocks; 900–1600 m.
Distribution
T3 T4 T6 T7 T8
[FTEA]

Gramineae, T. Cope. Flora Zambesiaca 10:2. 1999

Morphology General Habit
A tall reed-like perennial with short scaly rhizome; culms 2–4 m tall and up to 1 cm in diameter, somewhat woody; leaf lamina up to 60 cm × 10 mm, mostly involute, filiform at the apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Panicle 30–80 × 8–12 cm, dense, plumose.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets 6–9 mm long, oblong, with 5–7 bisexual florets (sterile floret absent); inferior glume 2.2–3 mm long; superior glume 2.6–3.2 mm long; lemmas 3.5–4.5 mm long, lanceolate, the marginal cilia c. 2 mm long, conspicuous, the apical teeth setaceous and up to 1 mm long; awn 1.5–2.5 mm long; anthers c. 1.8 mm long.
[FZ]

Morphology General Habit
Perennial. Rhizomes short; scaly. Culms erect; 200-400 cm long; 5-10 mm diam. Culm-internodes solid. Leaves cauline. Ligule a fringe of hairs. Leaf-blades deciduous at the ligule; 30-60 cm long; 5-10 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface scabrous. Leaf-blade apex filiform.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open; lanceolate; dense; 30-80 cm long; 8-12 cm wide. Primary panicle branches profusely divided. Panicle branches angular; scaberulous. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 5-7 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 6-9 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Rhachilla internodes definite. Floret callus evident; 0.2-0.4 mm long; pubescent.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 5-7 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 6-9 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Rhachilla internodes definite. Floret callus evident; 0.2-0.4 mm long; pubescent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes persistent; similar; shorter than spikelet; similar to fertile lemma in texture. Lower glume lanceolate; 2.2-3 mm long; 0.8 length of upper glume; membranous; 1-keeled; 1 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins absent. Lower glume apex acuminate. Upper glume lanceolate; 2.6-3.2 mm long; 0.75 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous; 1-keeled; 3 -veined. Upper glume apex acuminate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Fertile lemma lanceolate; 3.5-4.5 mm long; membranous; without keel; 3 -veined. Lemma margins ciliate. Lemma hairs 2 mm long. Lemma apex lobed; 2 -fid; with linear lobes; incised 0.1-0.2 of lemma length; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn from a sinus; curved; 1.5-2.5 mm long overall. Palea 0.75 length of lemma; 2 -veined. Palea keels scaberulous. Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules 2; fleshy. Anthers 3.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; linear; isodiametric; biconvex. Embryo 0.4 length of caryopsis. Hilum punctiform.
Distribution
Africa: west-central tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, and western Indian ocean. Asia-temperate: China. Asia-tropical: India and Indo-China.
Reference
Eragrostideae. FTEA.
[GB]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0