- Family:
- Zygophyllaceae R.Br.
Zygophyllum L.

[FTEA]
Zygophyllaceae, M. Nabil El Hadidi (Faculty of Science, Cairo University). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1985
- Morphology General Habit
- Shrubs or shrublets, rarely annual herbs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves paired at each node, equal in size, paripinnate or rarely with 1 leaflet or simple; stipules membranous or fleshy
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers solitary or in cymose clusters at each node, 4-5-merous, regular
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals white, yellow or orange, clawed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 8-10 in 2 whorls; filaments with entire, bifid or bipartite basal scale
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Ovary glabrous or covered with short hairs, 5-lobed, 5-locular; ovules few-numerous in each locule; style and stigma simple
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a loculicidal or septicidal capsule
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seed with endosperm.
[FZ]
Zygophyllaceae, E. Launert. Flora Zambesiaca 2:1. 1963
- Morphology General Habit
- Small shrubs or shrublets, rarely perennial or annual herbs, often armed.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, (1) 2-foliolate, succulent, often caducous; leaflets very variable in size and shape, subcircular, spathulate, elliptic, linear, lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic.
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules present, often spiny.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers solitary or sometimes 2-nate, terminal.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 4–5, imbricate, persistent or deciduous, sometimes connate at the base, somewhat fleshy.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals 4–5, sometimes unguiculate, usually longer than the sepals, imbricate, whitish or yellow and often with a red spot at the base, spreading.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk cup-shaped, fleshy, 8–10-angled.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 8–10, inserted at the base of the disk; filaments subulate, provided with a usually fimbriate or pectinate, bifid or bipartite appendage at the base; anthers oblong or oblong-ovate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Ovary sessile on the disk, 4–5-locular, with 2 or more pendulous ovules in each loculus; style simple, terete, with a small stigma.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a capsule or samara, 4–5-locular, 4–5-angled or winged, usually with several seeds.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds crustaceous, with scanty endosperm.
[FTEA]
Zygophyllaceae, M. Nabil El Hadidi (Faculty of Science, Cairo University). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1985
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual herbs, or mostly biennial or perennial shrubs or undershrubs, glabrous or covered with an indumentum which is characteristic for each species; branches mostly erect, sometimes angular or grooved, swollen at the nodes
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves paired at each node, equal in size, mostly 3-foliolate becoming 1-foliolate through reduction with a characteristic joint between petiole and blade, rarely sessile; stipules usually develop into spines, rarely absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers solitary at each node, up to 20 mm. across, 5-merous, regular
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 10 in 2 whorls; filaments without a basal scale
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit an obconical capsule; peduncle longer or shorter than the capsule; calyx persistent or deciduous at maturity of the capsule
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds with endosperm; testa brown, punctate.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, equal in size, 1–3-foliolate or simple; stipules usually spinescent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers solitary at each node, 5-merous, regular. Petals pink or sometimes white
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 10, in 2 whorls; filaments without scales
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disc inconspicuous, smooth
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary 5-angled, nearly always pubescent, 5-celled; style and stigma simple
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a loculicidal capsule, ± obconical
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds with endosperm, mucilaginous but without internal structures; hilum much shorter than seed; aril absent.
- Distribution
- In the drier parts of Africa, Asia, Mediterranean Region and N America.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1–4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Distribution
- Some 40 species in the dry parts of Africa and Asia, also extending into the Mediterranean Region.
- Morphology General Habit
- Shrubs, shrublets or herbs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves paired at each node, 1- or 2-foliolate or simple; stipules membranous or fleshy, ± fused
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers solitary or in cymes or clusters at the nodes, (4–)5-merous, regular
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals white, yellow or pale orange
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 10 in 2 whorls; filaments with basal appendages
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disc angular, smooth
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary glabrous or shortly hairy, usually 5-lobed, 5-celled, each cell with few to numerous ovules; style and stigma simple
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a schizocarp, mericarps opening septicidally or indehiscent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds with endosperm; outer testa mucilaginous with internal funnel- or rod-like structures.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Altay, Angola, Arizona, Baleares, Botswana, Bulgaria, California, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile Central, Chile North, China North-Central, Cyprus, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Greece, Gulf States, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, North Caucasus, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Portugal, Qinghai, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Selvagens, Senegal, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yemen
Introduced into:
Colorado, France, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Sardegna, Texas, Washington
- Zygophyllum acerosum (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum aegyptium Hosny
- Zygophyllum album L.f.
- Zygophyllum applanatum Van Zyl
- Zygophyllum arabicum (L.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum atriplicoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- Zygophyllum augea Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum balchaschense Boriss.
- Zygophyllum betpakdalense Golosk. & Semiotr.
- Zygophyllum borissovae Beier & Thulin
- Zygophyllum brachypterum Kar. & Kir.
- Zygophyllum bruguieri (DC.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum bucharicum B.Fedtsch.
- Zygophyllum californicum (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum charoides (Chiov.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum chilense (Hook. & Arn.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum chrysopteron Retief
- Zygophyllum clavatum Schltr. & Diels
- Zygophyllum coccineum L.
- Zygophyllum cornutum Coss.
- Zygophyllum creticum (L.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum cuspidatum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum cylindrifolium Schinz
- Zygophyllum darvasicum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum decumbens Delile
- Zygophyllum densispinum (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum densum (I.M.Johnst.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum dregeanum Sond.
- Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss.
- Zygophyllum eichwaldii C.A.Mey.
- Zygophyllum fabago L.
- Zygophyllum fabagoides Popov
- Zygophyllum fontanesii Webb & Berthel.
- Zygophyllum furcatum C.A.Mey.
- Zygophyllum gaetulum Emb. & Maire
- Zygophyllum geslinii Coss.
- Zygophyllum giessii Merxm. & A.Schreib.
- Zygophyllum glutinosum (Delile) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum gobicum Maxim.
- Zygophyllum gontscharovii Boriss.
- Zygophyllum gypsophilum (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum hadramauticum (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum hamiense Schweinf.
- Zygophyllum harpago (Emb. & Maire) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum heterocladum Rech.f. & Patzak
- Zygophyllum iliense Popov
- Zygophyllum indicum (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum jaxarticum Popov
- Zygophyllum kansuense Y.X.Liou
- Zygophyllum karatavicum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum kaschgaricum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum kegense Boriss.
- Zygophyllum kopalense Boriss.
- Zygophyllum laeve (Standl.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum lahovarii (Volkens & Schweinf.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum latistipulatum (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum lehmannianum Bunge
- Zygophyllum loczyi Kanitz
- Zygophyllum longicapsulare Schinz
- Zygophyllum longistipulatum Schinz
- Zygophyllum luntii (Baker) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum macropodum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum madagascariense (Baill.) Stauffer
- Zygophyllum madecassum H.Perrier
- Zygophyllum mahranum (Beier) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum mandavillei Hadidi
- Zygophyllum mayanum (Schltdl.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum melongena Bunge
- Zygophyllum microcarpum Licht. ex Cham.
- Zygophyllum migiurtinorum Chiov.
- Zygophyllum miniatum Cham.
- Zygophyllum minutistipulum (Engl.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum molle (Delile) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum mongolicum (Maxim.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum mucronatum Maxim.
- Zygophyllum neglectum Grubov
- Zygophyllum obliquum Popov
- Zygophyllum olivieri (DC.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum orientale (C.Presl) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum ovigerum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Bunge
- Zygophyllum oxianum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum oxycarpum Popov
- Zygophyllum pachyacanthum (Rydb.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum palmeri (Vasey & Rose) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum pamiricum Grubov
- Zygophyllum paulayanum (J.Wagner & Vierh.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum pinnatum Cham.
- Zygophyllum potaninii Maxim.
- Zygophyllum prismaticum Chiov.
- Zygophyllum prismatocarpum Sond.
- Zygophyllum procumbens Adamson
- Zygophyllum propinquum Decne.
- Zygophyllum pterocarpum Bunge
- Zygophyllum pterocaule Van Zyl
- Zygophyllum qatarense Hadidi
- Zygophyllum retrofractum Thunb.
- Zygophyllum rigidum Schinz
- Zygophyllum rosowii Bunge
- Zygophyllum scabrum (Forssk.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum scoparium (Brandegee) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum simplex L.
- Zygophyllum sinkiangense Y.X.Liou
- Zygophyllum smithii Hadidi
- Zygophyllum somalense Hadidi
- Zygophyllum spinosissimum (Blatt. & Hallb.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum stapffii Schinz
- Zygophyllum steropterum Schrenk
- Zygophyllum subinerme (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum subtrijugum C.A.Mey.
- Zygophyllum sulcatum Huysst.
- Zygophyllum taldykurganicum Boriss.
- Zygophyllum tenue R.Glover
- Zygophyllum trialatum Blatt. & Hallb.
- Zygophyllum turcomanicum Fisch. ex Boiss.
- Zygophyllum villosum (D.M.Porter) Christenh. & Byng
- Zygophyllum xanthoxylum (Bunge) Maxim.
- Zygophyllum zilloides (Humbert) Christenh. & Byng
Zygophyllum L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Collenette, I.S. [6378], Saudi Arabia | 52270.000 | No | |||
Wood, J.R.I. [2676], Yemen | 59841.000 | No | |||
Sep 1, 1983 | Gillett, J.B. [23803], Somalia | Fagonia | K000417162 | Yes |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 385 (1753)
Accepted by
- Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 1: 285.
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 182 (1754).
- Sp. Pl. 1: 385 (1753)
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Engler in E. & P. Pf., ed. 2, 19a: 160-166 (1931)
- Hadidi in Webbia 33: 48-72 (1978)
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 182 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 385 (1753)
- van Huyssteen, Morphologisch-systematische Studien über die Gattung Zygophyllum mit besonderer en Berücksichtigung der afrikanischen Arten, Dissert. Math.-Naturwiss. Fak. Univ. Berlin (1937)
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0