Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze

First published in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794 (1891)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is SE. U.S.A. to E. & S. South America, W. Tropical Africa to Chad. It is a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Cameroon, Cayman Is., Chad, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mississippi, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Carolina, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Carolina, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Tennessee, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Virginia, Windward Is., Zaïre

Introduced into:

Algeria, Ascension, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Burkina, California, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., China Southeast, Colombia, Cook Is., Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Galápagos, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Gulf States, Hawaii, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kermadec Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Madeira, Malaya, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Missouri, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Mexico, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Niger, Norfolk Is., Northern Territory, Oklahoma, Philippines, Portugal, Queensland, Samoa, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Society Is., Solomon Is., South Australia, Spain, St.Helena, Swaziland, Tasmania, Texas, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Tunisia, Vanuatu, Victoria, Vietnam, Western Australia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Garcillán, P.P. & al. (2013). Plantas no nativas naturalizadas de la península de Baja California, México. Botanical Sciences 91: 461-475.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Parham, B.E.V. (1971). The Vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 576-609.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Rosati, L. & al. (2012). Un aggiornamento alla flora del Cilento e della Campania. Informatore Botanico Italiano 44: 111-119.
  • Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Valdés-Reyna, J. Villaseñor, J.L., Encina-Domínguez, J.A. & Oritz, E. (2015). The grass family (Poaceae) in Coahuila, Mexico: diversity and distribution. Botanical Sciences 93: 119-129.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. & Pensiero, J.F. (2014). Gramineae VI. Flora del Paraguay 45: 1-392. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • Ktze., Révis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794 (1891).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brown, L.C. (1982). The Flora and Fauna of St Helena: 1-88. Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, England.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  • Garcillán, P.P. & al. (2013). Plantas no nativas naturalizadas de la península de Baja California, México. Botanical Sciences 91: 461-475.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hộ, P.-H. (2000). Câycỏ Việtnam. An Illustrated flora of Vietnam, ed. 2, 3: 1-1020. Pham-hoang Ho, Montréal.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lorence, D.H. & Wagner, W.L. (2019). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 1: 1-411. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Parham, B.E.V. (1971). The Vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 576-609.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Rosati, L. & al. (2012). Un aggiornamento alla flora del Cilento e della Campania. Informatore Botanico Italiano 44: 111-119.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Valdés-Reyna, J. Villaseñor, J.L., Encina-Domínguez, J.A. & Oritz, E. (2015). The grass family (Poaceae) in Coahuila, Mexico: diversity and distribution. Botanical Sciences 93: 119-129.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. & Pensiero, J.F. (2014). Gramineae VI. Flora del Paraguay 45: 1-392. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 1970 Scholz [113] Burkina Faso K000212229 No
Parker, R.N. [3768] South Africa K002836249 No
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [3136] Cote d'Ivoire K002836036 No
Smook, L. [5590] South Africa K002836222 No
Jenman, G.S. [6019] Guyana K002836340 No
Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F.A. [130] Equatorial Guinea K002836047 No
[Mr. Schr] [55] Trinidad and Tobago K002836334 No
Hillebrand [490] United States K002835997 No
Essed [52] Suriname K002836345 No
Klein, R.M. [10780] Brazil K001102911 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A. [17152] Brazil K000004617 Yes
Liebenberg, L.C.C. [7777] South Africa K002836250 No
Waibuta, L.V. [s.n.] Vanuatu K002836006 No
Parham, J.W. [8830] Fiji K002835982 No
Harley, W.J. [1670] Liberia K002836027 No
Kuyper, J. [422] Guyana K002836337 No
Curtis, W.M. [1] Australia K002835919 No
Bornet, Ed. [s.n.] France K002835791 No
s.coll. [s.n.] South Africa K002836262 No
Collenette, J.S. [6274] Saudi Arabia K002835802 No
Turbet, C.R. [1] Fiji K002835983 No
Tothill, J.D. [49] Fiji K002835984 No
Harley, W.J. [1082] Liberia K002836032 No
Small, J.K.; Carter, J.J. [8947] Bahamas, The K002836301 No
Feuerer, T. [5410] Peru K002836355 No
Allan, J.A. [511] Barbados K002836327 No
Jansen, J.W.A. [2349] Liberia K002836103 No
Burkart, A.; Bacigalupo, N.; Guaglianone, E.R.; Múlgura, M.E.; Ulibarri, E.A. [30685] Argentina K002836365 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002835795 No
Jansen, J.W.A. [1154] Liberia K002836028 No
Gardner, M.F.; Knees, S.G. [4136] Chile K002836366 No
Schweickerdt, H.G. [1413] South Africa K002836226 No
Klein, R.M. [10794] Brazil K001102912 Yes
Burchell [2890] Brazil K001102908 Yes
King, G. [s.n.] Italy K002835796 No
Jacot-Guillarmod, A. [3962] South Africa K002836258 No
Carvalho, M.F.; Fernandez Casas, J. [2019-3] Equatorial Guinea K002836050 No
Box, H.E. [53] Antigua and Barbuda K002836323 No
Aké Assi, L. [9858] Cote d'Ivoire K002836037 No
Thorold, C.A. [42] Ghana K002836019 No
Ekman, E.L. [H13238] Dominican Republic K002836309 No
Trinidad and Tobago K000643053 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brain, C.K. [8875] Zimbabwe K002836104 No
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A. [17588] Brazil K000004616 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [4316] New Caledonia K002836010 No
Damanakis, M. [812] Greece K002835801 No
Rodriguez [145] Argentina K002836364 No
van der Werff, H.H. [1300] Ecuador K002836354 No
s.coll. [194] South Africa K002836270 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [27533] Mozambique K002836099 No
Akpabla, G.K. [799] Ghana K002836023 No
Pelanda, G. [2] Brazil K001102902 Yes
Strey, R.G. [7393] South Africa K002836218 No
Blanchet [s.n.] France K002835794 No
Maitland, T.D. [25B] Cameroon K000022845 No
Balbis [s.n.] K001102897 Yes
Harris, W.H. [11415] Jamaica K002836317 No
Leonard, E.C.; Leonard, G.M. [13941] Haiti K002836314 No
Bogdan, A. [AB5519] Kenya K002836086 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [27963] Mozambique K002836102 No
Purdie [s.n.] Jamaica K002836315 No
Leachman, A. [s.n.] Guyana K002836344 No
Chamisso [s.n.] United States K002835994 No
Boughey, A.S. [ASB10264] Ghana K002836022 No
Fondler, A. [362] Panama K002836349 No
Yuncker, T.G.; Koepper, J.M.; Wagner, K.A. [8330] Honduras K002836290 No
Heller, A.A. [2359] United States K002835995 No
Gaudichaud [s.n.] Brazil K001102898 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Uruguay K002836358 No
B.A.R. [1] India K002835859 No
Schweicherdt, H.G. [1413] South Africa K002836225 No
Ryves, T.B. [s.n.] Hong Kong K002835821 No
Ross, J.H.; Moll, E.J. [2186] South Africa K002836224 No
Persand [s.n.] Guyana K002836342 No
Alexander, R.C. [s.n.] Jamaica K002836318 No
Ekman, E.L. [s.n.] Cuba K002836303 No
Robertson, E.T. [1246] Jamaica K002836322 No
Wood, J.R.I. [4310] Colombia K002836352 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Jamaica K002836319 No
McCallum Webster, M. [N6] South Africa K002836244 No
Eyerdam, W.J.; Beetle, A.A.; Gronbach, E. [23277] Argentina K002836363 No
Garside, S. [613] South Africa K002836240 No
Castellanos, A. [23090] Brazil K001102918 Yes
Elliott [s.n.] United States K002836273 No
Gossweiler [8762] Angola K002836105 No
Soakai, E. [708] Tonga K002836007 No
Smith, H.H.; Smith, G.W. [212] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K001651806 No
Hubbard, C.E. [8541] Australia K002835918 No
Orchard, E.R. [501] South Africa K002836254 No
Lebrun [11233] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002836045 No
Beechey [s.n.] United States K002835991 No
s.coll. [s.n.] South Africa K002836260 No
Post, R. [21] Sao Tome and Principe K002836048 No
Fosberg, F.R. [64712] French Polynesia K002836000 No
Ecklon [s.n.] South Africa K002836245 No
s.coll. [117] South Africa K002836269 No
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K002836275 No
Gerrard, W.T.; McKen, M.J. [2] South Africa K002836220 No
John, I.; Northrop, A.R. [520] Bahamas, The K002836298 No
Wood, J.R.I. [4724] Colombia K002836351 No
s.coll. [37] Windward Is. K000643052 Unknown Type Material Yes
Smith, A.C. [9612] Fiji K002835988 No
McOwan [1357] South Africa K002836271 No
Michelmore, A.P.G. [63] South Africa K002836234 No
Hoock-Cayenne, J. [s.n.] French Guiana K002836338 No
Meier, W.; Forbes, G. [9511] Venezuela K002836353 No
s.coll. [1110] New Caledonia K002836011 No
Boiteau [s.n.] Guyana K002836336 No
Heller, A.A.; Halbach, E.G. [1341] Puerto Rico K002836325 No
Curtiss, A.H. [5547] United States K002836277 No
Davidse, G.; Ramamoorthy, T.P.; Vital, D.M. [11820] Brazil K000004621 Yes
Bernier, M. [1242] New Caledonia K002836012 No
s.coll. [369] South Africa K002836217 No
McCallum-Webster, M. [506] Spain K002835805 No
Hitchcock, A.S. [s.n.] United States K002835998 No
Hu, S.Y. [9929] Hong Kong K002835819 No
Ward, C.J. [7451] South Africa K002836229 No
Haines, H.H. [90] New Zealand K002835977 No
Bos, J.J. [2009] Liberia K002836026 No
Parker, R.N. [3768] South Africa K002836248 No
Heller, A.A. [2359] United States K002835996 No
Clayton, W.D. [4434] Brazil K001102906 Yes
Wright, C. [3490] Cuba K002836308 No
Strey, R.G. [7326] South Africa K002836223 No
Heller, A.A.; Halbach, E.G. [1341] Puerto Rico K002836326 No
Luetzelburg [2580] Brazil K000004618 Yes
s.coll. [68] Cuba K002836307 No
Greenwood, W. [641] Fiji K002835987 No
Mckee, H.S. [31737] K002836002 No
Moller, A. [s.n.] Sao Tome and Principe K002836049 No
Tutin, T.G. [236] Guyana K002836343 No
s.coll. [819] K002836043 No
Soakai, E. [280] Tonga K002836008 No
Miers [3884] Brazil K001102914 Yes
Ellis, R.P. [267] South Africa K002836239 No
Goodenough, B. [s.n.] Brazil K001102917 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [25C] Cameroon K000022846 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002835790 No
Deighton, F.C. [2311] Sierra Leone K002836033 No
Stevens, W.D.; Krukoff, B.A. [13292] Nicaragua K002836291 No
Lawrence, E. [268] Tonga K002836009 No
Ekman, E.L. [10454] Haiti K002836311 No
Sucre, D. [1348] Brazil K001102903 Yes
Prior, A. [s.n.] K002836263 No
Klein, R.M. [10633] Brazil K001102905 Yes
Garside, S. [1179] South Africa K002836241 No
Tate, R. [554(50)] Nicaragua K002836292 No
Pegler, A. [84] South Africa K002836265 No
Townsend, D.W.H. [TS21] Spain K002835800 No
Sampson, H.C. [34] Belize K002836288 No
[Bingley] [4.] Australia K002835920 No
Dombrowski, L.T. [4161] Brazil K001102901 Yes
Bourquin, O. [589] South Africa K002836221 No
Yasuda, K. [2556] China K002835818 No
Harris, W.H. [11841] Jamaica K002836320 No
Walker, E.H. [4245] New Zealand K002835978 No
[Innes Shanes] [s.n.] Nigeria K002836038 No
Lorence, D.H.; Flynn, T. [7986] K002836001 No
Brenan, J.P.M. [13001] Spain K002835799 No
Du Toit, P.C.V. [1261] South Africa K002836232 No
Sowter, F.A. [s.n.] Portugal K002835807 No
Cruthwell, M.E.G.; Souster, J. [406] Egypt K002835804 No
Middleton [148] Bermuda K002836284 No
Muerillon, A. [1245] Cameroon K002836042 No
Miers [3884] Brazil K001102915 Yes
Beechey [s.n.] United States K002835992 No
Eaton, A.A. [33] United States K002836276 No
Garside, S. [487] South Africa K002836242 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [27198] Mozambique K002836100 No
Archer, W.A. [8456] Brazil K001102916 Yes
Woods, D.V.G. [308] New Zealand K002835980 No
Hitchcock, A.S. [s.n.] Guyana K002836341 No
Rogers, F.A. [4701] South Africa K002836266 No
Cooke, C.M. [s.n.] United States K002835993 No
Ekman, E.L. [865] Cuba K002836305 No
s.coll. [s.n.] South Africa K002836243 No
Fishlock, W.C. [10] Ghana K002836021 No
Bates, G.L. [38] Cameroon K002836041 No
Philcox, D.; Raynal, A. [7831] Trinidad and Tobago K002836332 No
s.coll. [14512] United States K002836280 No
Clayton, W.D. [4689] Brazil K001102910 Yes
Clayton [4020] Portugal K002835808 No
Raitt, L.M. [445] South Africa K002836253 No
[Brace] [361] Bahamas, The K002836299 No
Whistler, W.A. [W2285] Samoa K002836005 No
Ekman, E.L. [12892] Cuba K002836304 No
Pohl, R.W.; Pinette, R. [13203] Costa Rica K002836293 No
Riedel [s.n.] Brazil K001102896 Yes
Castellanos, A. [22654] Brazil K001102919 Yes
Raynal, J.; Raynal, A. [13582] Cote d'Ivoire K002836035 No
Raynal, A. [15633] Trinidad and Tobago K002836333 No
Davidse, G. [6927] South Africa K002836230 No
s.coll. [8109] Uruguay K002836359 No
Ribas, O.S. [3381] Brazil K001102893 Yes
Gerrard, W.T.; McKen, M.J. [42] South Africa K002836219 No
Tothill, J.D. [254] Fiji K002835986 No
Tothill, J.D. [278] Fiji K002835985 No
Britton, N.L.; Cowell, J.F. [216] Saint Kitts and Nevis K002836324 No
Mckee, H.S. [27966] New Caledonia K002836004 No
Folsom, J.P. [3721] Panama K002836348 No
Deighton, F.C. [465] Sierra Leone K002836034 No
Schipp, W.A. [501] Belize K002836287 No
Garside, S. [1179] South Africa K002836247 No
Klein, R.M. [10227] Brazil K001102909 Yes
Harley, W.J. [1082A] Liberia K002836030 No
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K001102891 Yes
Wilkes [s.n.] United States K002835989 No
Maitland, T.D. [25] Cameroon K000022843 No
Wilkes [s.n.] United States K002835990 No
Ellis, R.P. [03267] South Africa K002836235 No
Woods, D.V.G. [106] New Zealand K002835979 No
Mueller, F. [2180] Mexico K002836286 No
Hu, S.Y. [13272B] Hong Kong K002835820 No
Graham, M. [61] Portugal K002835806 No
Maitland, T.D. [25A] Cameroon K000022844 No
Jenman, G.S. [7510] Guyana K002836335 No
Harris, W.H. [12618] Jamaica K002836316 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002835793 No
Moll, E.J. [2537] South Africa K002836228 No
Moldenke, H. [585] United States K002836283 No
Verdcourt, B. [4363A] Portugal K002835798 No
Gerrard, W.T. [678] South Africa K002836227 No
Burchell [1567] Brazil K001102907 Yes
Hatschbach, G.; Cervi, A.C.; Barbosa, E. [71840] Brazil K001102894 Yes
King, G. [s.n.] Italy K002835797 No
Bangerter, E.B. [5015] New Zealand K002835976 No
Swallen, J.R. [s.n.] United States K002836281 No
Carvalho [3735] Equatorial Guinea K002836051 No
Lanjouw, J.; Lindeman, J.C. [1072] Suriname K002836346 No
Salzmann, P. [0] Brazil K000004620 Yes
Edwards, D. [4541] Namibia K002836238 No
[Hiram]; Arsene, F. [s.n.] Mexico K002836285 No
Kuntze, O. [s.n.] South Africa K002836261 No
Combs, R. [535] Cuba K001651807 No
Ekman, E.L. [H2114] Haiti K002836312 No
Evans, I.B.P. [444] South Africa K002836267 No
Wilms, F. [s.n.] South Africa K002836268 No
Klein; Bresolin [11720] Brazil K001102913 Yes
Salzmann, P. [0] Brazil K000004619 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H13238] Dominican Republic K002836313 No
Pohl, R.W.; Davidse, G. [11227] Costa Rica K002836295 No
Dombrowski, L.T. [2420] Brazil K001102900 Yes
Pohl, R.W.; Lucas, M. [13032] Costa Rica K002836294 No
s.coll. [529] Nigeria K002836039 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [31562] Mozambique K002836101 No
Chevalier, A.J.B. [20055] K002836044 No
[BDG] [s.n.] Cuba K002836306 No
MacGillivray, J. [252] South Africa K002836246 No
Jardin, Ed. [461] Martinique K002836331 No
Flamigni [10789] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002836046 No
Pohl, R.W.; Davidse, G. [11575] Costa Rica K002836296 No
Townsend, S. [s.n.] Eswatini K002836272 No
Rosengurtt [B-5090] Uruguay K002836357 No
Beck, S.G. [14243] Bolivia K002836356 No
Musil, C.F. [169] South Africa K002836231 No
Chipp, T.F. [274] Ghana K002836020 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Guadeloupe K002836328 No
Langley Kitching [s.n.] South Africa K002836252 No
Riedel [52] Brazil K001102892 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] South Africa K002836264 No
Mckee, H.S. [28334] K002836003 No
Baldwin, J.T. [11632] Liberia K002836031 No
Bornet, Ed. [s.n.] France K002835792 No
Jeffreys, M.D.W. [18] Nigeria K002836040 No
Clayton, D. [4073] Senegal K002836025 No
Hatschbach, G. [13619] Brazil K001102899 Yes
Thorold, C.A. [294] Ghana K002836024 No
Ellis, R.P. [03267] South Africa K002836237 No
Wight, A.E. [91] Bahamas, The K002836300 No
Klein, R.M. [9974] Brazil K001102904 Yes
Fredholm, A. [6354] United States K002836278 No
s.coll. [895] Uruguay K002836360 No
Wilson, P. [8245] Bahamas, The K002836302 No
Peterson, P.M. [8564] Panama K002836347 No
Buchanan, J. (Rev.) [16] South Africa K002836255 No
Ekman, E.L. [H2114] Haiti K002836310 No
Boulos, L.; Al-Hasan, R. [16098] United Arab Emirates K002835803 No
Alexander, R.C. [s.n.] Jamaica K002836321 No
s.coll. [16] South Africa K002836233 No
Sampson, H.C. [34] Belize K002836289 No
Imray [341] Dominica K002836330 No
Guillarmod, A. [3962] South Africa K002836259 No
s.coll. [[108]] Portugal K002835809 No
Blodgett [s.n. ] United States K002836274 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K001102895 Yes
[T. Sj] [1018] French Guiana K002836339 No
Harper, R. [754] United States K002836282 No
Pedersen, T.M. [8017] Uruguay K002836361 No
Morrison, J.L.; Beetle, A.A. [8780] Costa Rica K002836297 No
Curtiss, A.H. [3621] United States K002836279 No

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0